Newsletter - Social Science in Eastern Europe 2000-2
Italy
Italian Research on Eastern Europe[56]
After the Second World War, the interest of Italian social scientists for
socio-political events in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe had been , rather
margina for several decades. Only the collapse of the communist regimes in
1989-90 attracted their attention towards Eastern European issues. During the
last ten years, this continuously growing interest has not only resulted in a
large number of publications, but it has also stimulated the creation of new
research centres at the main universities of Northern and Central Italy.
Nowadays, we can observe that it has developed into a broad research area that
can hardly be reviewed in its entirety.
The following selection of contributions of Italian social science on Eastern
Europe should be considered simply as a rough outline, which intends to present
a purely indicative introduction to this research area. Being there, to our
knowledge, no articles or essays which could be considered as a sort of
guide-book to this continuously burgeoning research area, this article aims only
at presenting the first results of a provisory recognition over this field.
Thus, conceived in this light, it should not be misunderstood as a value
judgement attributed to individual research works.
In the next paragraphs, we will focus our attention on five sub-sectors of
Italian social science: political science, international relations, sociology,
history and economics. We will use a rather loose 'common sense' criterion for
distinguishing the different scientific sub-fields of reference of every single
researcher. We will look mainly at their institutional affiliation at
departmental level. This classification may seem arbitrary as there are strong
inter-disciplinary overlappings (especially among political scientists and
political sociologists or between historians of international relations and
scholars of comparative sociology and political science), but this vague
criterion allows us to put a minimum of order in this research sector.
Focal points of Italian political science
A major focal point of Italian comparative political research on Eastern
Europe lies in the field of regime change and democratic consolidation. The
first attempts to interpret regime transition in Eastern Europe were presented
in the late eighties. At this stage, the researchers' interest focused mainly on
the institutional aspects of regime transition in Central and Eastern European
countries (Grilli di Cortona 1989a and 1989b). During the nineties, especially
those scholars who were attracted by a new-institutionalist approach to
political system change have continuously cultivated this research area. Great
attention was paid to the processes of constitution-, state- and/or nation
building in East-central European countries. (Bartole/Grilli di Cortona 1998,
Morlino 2000, Ieraci 1999, Spizzo 1999).
With regard to the non-institutional dimensions of democratisation processes,
great concern was also shown for the new parties and party systems in Eastern
Europe. There have been several works dedicated to the impact of long-term
socio-economic and political cleavages on the resurgence of new Eastern European
parties (Cotta 1992 and 1995). Deeply studied are also the fields of party
coalition dynamics and electoral behaviour (Grilli di Cortona 1997). We can find
also some case studies of communist and nationalist parties (Bosco 1999 and
Grilli di Cortona 2000)
The main Italian research centre in political science in this field of
research is the Observatory on Democracy in Eastern Europe (OSDEE) of Trieste.
The Observatory, which was created in 1998 and which is headed by Prof. Liborio
Mattina, is an association promoted by the Department of Political
Science of the University of Trieste and other research institutions, such as
the Department of Political Science of the European University Institute, the
Center for European Documentation appointed at the Department of Political
Science and Sociology of the University of Florence and the Jacques Maritain
International Institute of Rome.
The main goal of the association are: a) to foster the promotion of studies
dedicated to democratic consolidation and to the impact of the EU enlargement
strategy on the process of institutional transition in Eastern Europe and in the
Balkans; b) to set up a documentation centre which should be able to offer to
the scientific community and to several political institutions useful
information on the political transformations under way in the young democracies
of Eastern Europe, and; c) to organise seminars and conferences where social
scientists can discuss the results of their research on Eastern and
South-Eastern Europe. Over the last three years, the OSDEE has organised several
international seminars. During the annual meeting of the Italian Political
Science Association (SISP) in Trieste in September 1999, the Observatory
promoted several workshops specifically dedicated to Eastern Europe. A major
research project, aimed at understanding the consequences of the political
impact of the EU institutions on the Central European countries' candidates to
become members states, is now carried out by the Observatory, under Prof.
Liborio Mattina's direction. The Italian Ministry for University Research mostly
finances the project.
A special edition of the yearly journal Studi politici (Political
Studies) was dedicated in 1999 to the fundamental research results of the OSDEE
group presented during the SISP meeting. There were three chapters dedicated to
Eastern Europe, which concerned respectively: the institutional consolidation of
democracy, the role of parties and interest group in the transition towards
democracy and the impact of the European Union on the national question in
Eastern Europe.
Main focal points in International Relations
A second research area of Italian political science research on Eastern
Europe, which has been particularly influenced by the Italian experts in
international relations, pertains to the study of foreign and security policies.
Thorough theoretically and empirically oriented analyses were dedicated mainly
to the problems of geopolitical stability and security in Eastern and Balkan
Europe (Santoro 1990, Vitale 1998, Bozzo/Simon Belli 1997, Lucarelli 2000).
During the nineties, the main Italian journals specialised in international
relations, Politica Internazionale (International Politics), Relazioni
internazionali (International Relations) and Limes published several
essays dedicated specifically to the wars in former Yugoslavia and to the former
Soviet Union. One of the most investigated themes was surely the impact of
ethno-nationalism on the balance of power of the whole region (Santoro 1995,
Bonanate 1997, Conciatori 1998, Spizzo 2000). There were also numerous studies
carried out in this research sector concerning the Eastern Enlargement of the EU
and the integration in the EU of Eastern European countries (Istituto Affari
Internazionali-IAI 1991, Marasa 1993). The downfall of the Iron Curtain and the
opening of the East stimulated new research perspectives especially among the
experts of international organisations (EU, NATO or UN) (Di Francesco 1999).
In this perspective, the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) of Rome
occupies an important role. The IAI is a non-profit organisation, which was
founded in 1961 by Altiero Spinelli. The IAI belongs, among others, to the
following international network of research centers which have in the last years
demonstrated a great interest in Eastern Europe: the European Strategy Group (ESG);
the Conflict Prevention Network (CPN); the European Security Analysis Network (ESAN)
and the Trans European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA). One of the main
fields of research of the IAI is dedicated to the problems of transition in
Eastern Europe. There is a special research project, co-directed by Ettore
Greco, which is entitled: Fostering peace in South-eastern-Europe: the role
of regional cooperation. The IAI has also promoted the creation of a
Laboratory of International Affairs and Economics which is directed by Prof.
Paolo Guerrieri and which, in the period 1998-1999, has focused its attention on
the following two projects that are relevant for our purpose: Central-Eastern
European countries and EU Enlargement and Reconstruction and Mid-term
prospects for the Balkan Area: Italy's role.
There are also two other research centres specialised in International
Relations which have in the past years dedicated some of their research projects
to Eastern Europe: the Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale (Cespi) of
Rome, which is directed by Prof. Marta Dassù and the Istituto per gli Studi
di Politica Internazionale (ISPI) of Milan whose co-director of its
scientific committee is Prof. Carlo Maria Santoro.
Sociological research on Eastern Europe in Italy
In the case of Italian sociological research on Eastern Europe, there is
especially one area, which deserves special mention: the study of ethno-national
minorities. Italian sociologists from the Northeastern regions have published
innumerable analyses concerning, for instance, the socio-economic
characteristics, the cultural specificities and the territorial settings of the
most relevant ethnic groups and minorities of Eastern Europe (Demarchi 1993,
Bergnach/Sussi 1993, Gasparini 1994, Bergnach/Delli Zotti 1994, Piccolomini
1995, Gubert 1996). Many of those researches can be consulted in three Italian
journals specialised in sociological research: Futuribili, Isig
Magazine and Rassegna italiana di sociologia.
The leading research centre in this field is certainly the Istituto di
Sociologia Internazionale di Gorizia (ISIG). The main research interest of
ISIG, whose director is Prof. Alberto Gasparini, lies in the field of
sociology of borders, with spatial and political reference to the concepts of
centre and periphery and in the area of regional sociology, with reference to
regionalism and the relations between regions (Europe of regions) viewed as a
transcendence of nationalisms. The scientific and cultural activity of the
Institute is at present carried out in five departments, which in their turn are
subdivided into research programmes. The Department of International Sociology
carries out the great majority of researches on Eastern Europe. The main
collaborators of the ISIG, which have dedicated some of their research projects
to Eastern Europe, are principally Laura Bergnach, Luca Bregantini, Giovanni
Delli Zotti, Antonella Pocecco and Emidio Sussi.
Another research centre, which is particularly active in the field of
research on ethnic minorities in Eastern Europe, is the Interuniversity Center
"Etnicos" of the Department of Sociology at the University of Milan.
Currently, Etnicos participates at a joint research project with the University
of Sarajevo, which aims at interpreting the origins of the war in Bosnia and the
future institutional developments of the federation. Among the most prominent
Italian experts (sociologists, historians and political scientists) on Eastern
Europe who participate to this project, we can find Prof. Paolo Calzini from the
University of Milan, Marco Dogo, Paolo Segatti and Carlo Tullio-Altan from the
University of Trieste and Stefano Bianchini from the University of Bologna.
Historical research on Eastern Europe
Historical studies on Eastern Europe have certainly a longer tradition than
the three socio-scientific sub-fields mentioned before (Tamborra 1973). For this
reason many Italian historians have been the first academics to understand
immediately the great importance of the Big Transformation of 1989-1990. Among
the Italian experts of medieval, modern and contemporary history of Eastern
Europe, we can cite Marco Dogo (1993, 1999), Georg Meyr (1995), Franca Mian and
Annamaria Vinci from the University of Trieste.
One of the best-known contemporary Italian historians in this area is Stefano
Bianchini, senior researcher of East European History and Politics at the
University of Bologna/Forlì. His works on the Yugoslavian contemporary
political history are particularly stimulating (Bianchini 1991, Bianchini /Shoup
1995 and Bianchini/Dassù 1999). Bianchini is actually director of the Centro
per l'Europa centro-Orientale e Balcanica (CECOB) and coordinator of the
International Network "Europe and the Balkans".
Established at the end of 1993, the Network was aimed to develop academic
research projects that can meet the everyday needs for information regarding
Southeast and Central-East Europe. For this reason it is actively supported by
the University of Bologna, the Bologna and Forlì City Councils, the
Emilia-Romagna Regional Council, the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the
European Commission, while attempting - at the same time - to raise financial
aid from business enterprises in the country.
The aim of the Network is to foster the growth of relationships among
scholars focusing on Balkan and East European issues. One of the main goals of
the Network is to examine Europe's view of the Balkan countries and vice versa,
in order to determine the language registers - in the fields of politics,
mythology, economics and law - that allow for closer communication and those
that, on the other hand, hinder it, due to the negative influence of
stereotypes.
In order to achieve its goals, the Network actively promotes an
interdisciplinary approach. This aspect has been developed through annual
work-in-progress meetings and concluded in 1996, when all the results were
gathered in four books to be used for diplomats, policy-makers, journalists, and
educational purposes within the European Union. Research has been focused on the
following themes: nation and state building; international and regional
relations; economic integration processes; geopolitics and geoeconomics;
national and minority issues; the formation of civil societies and
intellectuals; security and the political manipulation of history aimed at the
legitimisation of power.
Meetings and round table conferences have been organised by the Network in
different countries, amongst which Italy, Israel, and United States. After 1996,
the Network promoted new researches on several topics, as follows:
self-determination, the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in
East-Central Europe, intercultural relations in Bulgaria and Bosnia, Albanian
State collapse and reconstruction, Italian-Hungarian co-operation. Furthermore,
a newsletter and a series of publications guarantee adequate dissemination of
the results attained by the scholars involved.
Economic Scientific Research on Central and Eastern Europe
Before 1989, economic research on Central and Eastern European countries was
strictly related to the debate regarding the opposed features of socialism and
capitalism. Especially in macroeconomic textbooks, it was possible to find
sections devoted to Marxist theories, usually limited to specific subjects like
inflation or economic policies (for an exhaustive bibliographic review, see
Jossa 1987). Apparently, research in that area tended to be strongly separated
from studies regarding Western economies, and probably nobody expected that such
an abrupt change was going to take place at the end of the eighties. After 1989,
the development of a market economy in former Communist countries has become a
subject of interest to many scholars, on the ground of the different aspects of
the transition. This opened the way to a series of works regarding the
comparison of economic systems (Dallago 1993; Frateschi e Salvini 1994). At
first, the situation in Central Europe was analysed with reference to its
beginnings and to the perestrojka (De Vincenti e Mulino 1990), but later
scholarly attention concentrated on specific topics, like privatisation and
structural reform, agriculture, industrial relations, trade and monetary policy.
As far as privatisation is concerned, it has initially been treated with
reference to the different "national ways" adopted in the countries
involved in this process (Pedersini 1998), and to the consequent creation of
small and medium firms after the beginning of liberalization (Revoltella 1998).
Special attention has been devoted to those countries where Italian investments
have proved to be more substantial, and to the innovations deriving from the
privatisation process (Dallago, Ajani e Grancelli 1992). The state and the
prospects of agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe have raised considerable
concern, especially in connection with the possible reform of the Common
Agricultural Policy of the European Union; international assistance has also
been studied, due to its often complicated procedural aspects and disputed
results (Cannarella 1999; Corazza 1998; Brunori e Segre 1995).
The reflection on industrial relations has started from the consideration of
the socialist model (Grancelli 1987), to proceed with analyses concerning labour
market policies (Boeri 1994; Boeri et al. 1993) and changes in labour law and in
the role of economic actors and interest groups (Casale 1997; Vatta 1999).
Particularly in this field, English prevails as the working language of Italian
experts, since their reports are often published by international organizations
(mainly the OECD and the ILO). To some extent, this is true also of a number of
publications regarding monetary and banking policy, either prepared or
co-authored by Italian scholars for institutions such as the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund (Barbone e Marchetti 1994; Coricelli 1998; Manzocchi
1999; Giavazzi e Dornbusch 1999). However, there are indeed Italian sources on
this subject (Manzocchi e Ottaviano 1999; Lanzoni 1994), even if - in the latest
years - much debate has risen especially about the EU enlargement and its
possible effects (Bruzzo 1998; Frateschi 1999; Tarditi 1998; Coricelli 1996).
The discussion has been promoted mainly by some journals and academic
structures. Among the former, Est-Ovest, Europa Europe, Economia
Italiana, L'Industria, la Rivista di politica agraria, la Rassegna
economica, Banche e banchieri are possibly those, which most
frequently included contributions about Central and Eastern Europe. As far as
research structures are concerned, thematic studies have been carried on in some
traditionally important Italian institutions (like the Bocconi University, and
the State University in Milan, and the European University Institute in
Florence), and academic associations have organised seminars on Central and
Eastern European Countries (CEECs) (e.g. the Associazione Italiana per lo
Studio dei Sistemi Economici Comparati, AISSEC http://www.econ-pol.unisi.it/aissec/)
The comparatist perspective, especially on EU-related matters, tends to be
favoured, like in other social sciences, but case studies are also frequently
found. However, there is a geographical factor influencing the research
remarkably, since universities and other organizations located in the
north-eastern part of Italy seem to be more often involved in studies and
contacts with the Central European area. This is the case of the universities of
Padua, Trento and Trieste, where the enlargement of the European Union has
originated interest and research in recent years. At the University of Trento
there is a research centre called Euroest, with a specific interest for economic
and social developments in Central and Eastern Europe. It cooperates with the
European Association for Comparative Economic Studies. In Trieste, beyond the
ISDEE (Istituto di Studi e Documentazione sull'Europa dell'Est), which issues
the quarterly Est-Ovest, the Faculty of Political Sciences of the
University offers courses in International Diplomatic Sciences, with a final
degree? The lessons take place in Gorizia and include several economic topics,
aiming to train accomplished personnel ready to operate on international
economic markets, with a key orientation towards Central and Eastern Europe.
Since the first years of the transition, there has actually been a certain
connection between scientific research and concrete investment policy by firms (Mutinelli
e Piscitiello 1996). After Germany, Italy is one of the main foreign investors
in this area. This led to the establishment of information centres for those
entrepreneurs willing to invest in the CEECs: it is the case of the ISDEE in
Trieste, of INFORMEST in Gorizia and of the Centro Studi Nord Est in Venice. The
latter also issues the review Mittelforum, which presents both research
contributions and economic information. The cooperation of practitioners has
somehow helped to expand knowledge, particularly regarding firms and their
strategies in this area (Costariol 1995), and to link academic debates with
empirical observation. In this sense, the most important economic and financial
Italian newspaper, Il Sole 24 ore, publishes a weekly supplement dealing
with economic and political developments in Central and Eastern Europe.
E-mails and web sites of some Italian research centres with special
interest in Eastern Europe:
CECOB - International Network Europe and the Balkan http://www.spfo.unibo.it/balkans/eurobalk.html
Ce.REPI - Centro Ricerche Etno-politiche internazionali cerepi@newtech.it
CSNE - Centro Study Nord-Est http://www.alpeadriadonau.it/aboutcsne.htm
ETNICOS - University of Milan tanja_sekulic@hotmail.com
EUREST - Centre on the Evolution in EE Countries http://euroest.gelso.unitn.it/Euroest/euroest.htm
IAI - Istituto Affari Internazionali http://www.iai.it/
ISDEE - Institute of Study and Documentation on EU and EE http://www.isdee.it/
ISIG - Istituto di Sociologia Internazionale di Gorizia http://www.univ.trieste.it/~isig/
OSDEE - Observatory on Democracy in Eastern Europe Osdee@sp.univ.trieste.it
Other Italian organisations with special interests in research on Eastern
Europe
ALPE-ADRIA - Alps Adriatic Working Community http://www.alpeadria.org/
CEI - Central European Initiative http://www.ceinet.org/
FNE- Fondazione Nord-Est info@fondazionenordest.net
INFORMEST http://www.informest.it/
Bibliography
* Barbone, L. e Marchetti, D., Economic transformation and the fiscal
crisis, Policy Research Working Paper no. 1286.
* Bartole, S. e Grilli di Cortona, P. (1998), Transizione e consolidamento
democratico nell'Europa centro-orientale, Torino.
* Bergnach, L./Sussi E. (eds.) (1993), Minoranze etniche ed immigrazione,
Milano.
* Bergnach, L./Delli Zotti G. (eds.) (1994), Etnie, Confini, Europa,
Milano.
* Bianchini, S. (1991), "Il nazionalismo nei Balcani", in:
Relazioni Internazionali, LV, 16, pp. 18-33.
* Bianchini, S./Shoup, P. (ed.) (1995), The Yugoslav War, Ravenna.
* Bianchini S./Dassù, M. (ed.) (1999), Guida ai paesi dell'Europa
centrale, orientale e balcanica, Milano.
* Boeri, T. (1994), Unemployment in transition countries: transient or
persistent?, Paris.
* Boeri, T., Scarpetta, S. e Reutersward, A. (1993), Unemployment benefit
systems and active labor market policies in Central and Eastern Europe: An
Overview, Paris.
* Bonanate, L. (1997) "Dossier Albania - Qualche argomento contro
l'interesse nazionale", in: Limes, 2, pp. 303-315.
* Bosco, A. (1999), "Quale integrazione? I partiti ex-comunisti
nell'Europa Centro-Orientale, in: Ieraci/Mattina (1999), pp. 121-154.
* Bozzo L./Simon Belli, C. (1997), La questione illirica, la politcia
estera italiana in un'area di instabilita, Milano.
* Brunori, G. e Segre, A. (1959, Lo studio della transizione economica
nelle aree rurali della Bulgaria: un'indagine macro e micro-economica, in
"Est-Ovest", vol. 26, no. 6.
* Bruzzo, A. (1998), Sulla coerenza e compatibilita tra le politiche
economiche dell'Unione Europea, nella prospettiva della nuova riforma della
politica strutturale e dei progetti di ulteriore allargamento dell'Unione,
Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia dell'Universita Statale di Milano, no. 14.
* Cannarella, C. (1999), Introduzione all'analisi agrosistemica nelle
societa europee postcomuniste, Milano.
* Calzini P. (1991), "Morte dell'Unione sovietica e questione nazionale",
in: Il Mulino, XL, 338, 1083-1092.
* Casale, G. (1997), Collective Bargaining and the Law in Central and
Eastern Europe: Some Comparative Issues, Report no. 20, Budapest.
* Conciatori, M. (1998), "Nazionalismi alla resa dei conti. Specificita
e contesti della crisi balcanica" in: Relazioni Internazionali, 45, pp.
28-39.
* Corazza, G. (1998), Agenda 2000: riflessioni sulle proposte di riforma
della politica agraria europea, in: "Rivista di politica agraria",
vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 41-71.
* Coricelli, F. (1996), Fiscal constraints, reform strategies, and the
speed of transition: The case of Central and Eastern Europe, Discussion
Paper 1339, London.
* Coricelli, F. (1998) Macroeconomic policies and the development of
markets in transition economies, Budapest.
* Cotta, M. (1992), " Continuita e discontinuita nei sistemi politici
europei" in: Calise M. (ed.), Come cambiano i partiti, Bologna.
* Cotta, M. (1995), "La strutturazione dei sistemi partitici nelle nuove
democrazie" in: Rivista italiana di Scienza Politcia (Risp), vol. 25, 2,
pp. 267-305.
* Dallago, B. (1993), Sistemi economici comparati, Roma, NIS
* Dallago, B., Ajani, G. e Grancelli, B. (eds.) (1991), Privatization and
entrepreneurship in Post-Socialist Countries, London.
* Delli Zotti, G. (ed.) (1991), Attori del mutamento nell'Est Europeo,
Milano.
* Demarchi, F. (1993), "Un caleidoscopio euro-asiatico in esplosione: la
Ex-Urss", Dimensioni dello sviluppo, X, Dossier: Etnie e nazioni, 2, pp.
77-94.
* De Vincenti, C. e Mulino, M. (ed.) (1990), Il difficile cammino della
perestrojka, Napoli.
* Di Francesco, T. (ed.) 1999, La Nato nei Balcani, Roma.
* Dogo, M. (1999), Storie balcaniche, Trieste.
* Dogo, M. (1994), "Verita nazionali e forzature storiografiche: il caso
del Kosovo", in: Politica internazionale, XXII, 3, July, pp. 231-246.
* Frateschi, C.F. e Salvini, G. (1994), Sistemi economici comparati,
Bologna.
* Frateschi, C.F. (1999), L'allargamento a Est dell'Unione Europea:
quando, come, chi, perche?, paper presented at the XIIth Conference of the
AISSEC, Siena, 3-5 June.
* Gasparini, A. (1994), "Variabili per una lettura delle guerre
balcaniche e del futuro della Slavia del Sud", in: Futuribili, 1, pp. 7-30.
* Giavazzi, F. e Dornbusch, R. (1999), Hard currency and sound credit: a
financial agenda for Central Europe, EIB Papers , vol. 4, no. 2.
* Grancelli, B. (1987), Il management sovietico e la perestrojka,
in:"Sviluppo e Organizzazione", no. 102, pp. 9-22.
* Grilli di Cortona, P. (1989a), Le crisi politiche nei regimi comunisti.
Ungheria, Cecoslovacchia e
Polonia da Stalin agli anni ottanta, Milano.
* Grilli di Cortona, P. (1989 b), "Rivoluzioni e burocrazie. Quattro
casi a confronto", in: Risp, 1, pp. 23-62.
* Grilli di Cortona, P. (1991), Rivoluzioni e burocrazie. Continuita e
mutamento negli Statirivoluzionari, Milano, pp. 217.
* Grilli di Cortona, P. (1997). Da uno a molti. Democratizzazione e
rinascita dei partiti in Europaorientale, Bologna.
* Grilli di Cortona, P. (2000), " Nazionalismi e partiti nazionalisti in
Europa " , Risp, under press
* Gubert, R. (1996), "Identita ed identificazioni
etnico-nazionali", in: Annali di sociologia, 12, pp. 197-218.
* Ieraci, G /Mattina L. (ed.) (1999), Studi politici. Numero monografico
dedicato all'Europa orientale Balcanica, Trieste.
* Ieraci, G. (1999),"Disegno e consolidamento istituzionale: teorie e
prassi tratte dall'esperienza dei paesi dell'Europa Orientale, in:
Ieraci/Mattina 1999, pp. 3-37.
* Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) (1991), La comunita europea e le
nascenti democrazie dell'Est, Milano.
* Jossa, B. (1987), Economia keynesiana. Una introduzione alla
macroeconomia, Milano.
* Lucarelli, S. (2000), European Member States Foreign Policy Between
Institutional and Domestic Constraints and Opportunities. The European
Management of the Yugoslav Wars, The Hague, under press.
* Manzocchi, S. (1999), Foreign capital in developing economies:
perspectives from the theory of economic growth, London.
* Manzocchi, S. e Ottaviano, G.(1999), Facing the Euro. Strategies for
Central Eastern European countries, paper presented at the XIIth Conference
of the AISSEC, Siena, 3-5 June
* Marasa, B. (1993), Oltre Masstricht: Il futuro dell'Unione europea e i
nuovi paesi dell'Est, Roma.
* Meyr, G (1995), "La minoranza italiana in Istria fra regionalismo e
pressioni nazionalistiche", in: Aggiornamenti sociali, XLVI, 7-8, pp.
527-542.
* Morlino, L, "Constitutional Design and Problems of Implementation in
Southern and Eastern Europe", in: Zielonka J. (ed.) (2000) Democratic
Consolidation in Eastern Europe, under press.
* Mutinelli, S. e Piscitiello, L. (1996), Strategic motivations leading
firms to invest in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from the Italian case,
in:Csaki, G., Foti, G. e Mayes, D.G. (eds.) Foreign direct investment and
transition: the case of the Visegrad countries, Budapest.
* Pedersini, R. (1998), La privatizzazione nei paesi dell'Europa centrale,
in:"Stato e Mercato", no. 53, pp. 231-284
* Piccolimini, M. (1995), "L'osservatorio delle minoranze etniche
europee", in: Futuribili, 1-2, pp. 313-317.
* Privitera, F. (ed.) (1994), L'Europa Orientale e la rinascita dei
nazionalismi, Milano.
* Revoltella, D. (1998), Problemi di finanziamento nei paesi dell'Est
Europa: il caso delle piccole e medie imprese, in:"Piccola
Impresa/Small Business", no.1, pp. 81-103
* Santoro (1990), "Sei fasi, sei scenari: L'Est che cambia" in:
Relazioni Internazionali, LIV, 11, pp. 61-69.
* Santoro, C. (ed.) (1995), Nazionalismo e sviluppo politico nell'Ex-Urss,
Milano.
* Spizzo, D. (1999), "L'idea di nazione nelle costituzioni
post-comuniste" in: Ieraci/Mattina (1999), pp. 207-239.
* Spizzo, D. (2000), "Politica e nazionalismo in Serbia: interpretazioni
a confronto" in: Quaderni di Scienza Politica, Milano, 2000, 2, under
press.
* Tamborra, R. (1973), Storia dell'Europa centro-orientale, Firenze.
* Tarditi, S. (1998), Perspective impact of "Agenda 2000" on
Central and Eastern European Countries, 1998
* Vatta, A. (1999), Gruppi d'interesse e sistemi delle relazioni
industriali nell'Europa centro-orientale, in:"Studi Politici",
vol. 3, pp. 181-204
* Vitale, A. (1995), "Le prospettive di disintegrazione della
Federazione Russa e le possibilita di collasso dello stato territoriale"
in: Futuribili, 1-2, pp. 63-80.
* Vitale, A. (1998) "L'ampliamento della Nato ad Est: la percezione
europeo-orientale" in: Relazioni Internazionali, 46, pp. 54-58.
[55] OSDEE-Observatory on Democracy in
Eastern Europe, e-mail: siclala@libero.it
[56] We are grateful to Laura Bergnach,
research fellow at the ISIG, for her bibliographical help concerning Italian
sociological research on Eastern Europe. Daniel Spizzo wrote the Introduction
and the first four paragraphs, Alessia Vatta wrote the part dedicated to Italian
economic research.
|
 |
|
Issue