Welfare state context, female earnings and childbearing
Titelübersetzung:Wohlfahrtsstaat, Frauenlöhne und Schwangerschaft
Autor/in:
Andersson, Gunnar; Kreyenfeld, Michaela; Mika, Tatjana
Quelle: Max-Planck-Institut für demografische Forschung; Rostock (MPIDR Working Paper, 2009-026), 2009. 34 S.
Inhalt: "This paper investigates the role of female earnings in childbearing decisions in two very different European contexts. By applying event history techniques to German and Danish register data during 1981-2001, we demonstrate how female earnings relate to first, second and third birth rates. Our study shows that female earnings are rather positively associated with fertility in Denmark, while the relationship is the opposite in West Germany. We interpret our findings based on our observation that Danish social policies tend to encourage Danish women to become established in the labor market before having children, while German policies during the 1980s and 1990s were not designed to encourage maternal employment." (author's abstract)
Eignet sich das Mikrozensus-Panel für familiensoziologische Fragestellungen? : Untersuchung am Beispiel der Frage nach den ökonomischen Determinanten der Familiengründung
Titelübersetzung:Can we use the micro-census panel for studying family dynamics? : first applications on the economic determinants of family formation
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung : Beiträge zu Haushalt, Verwandtschaft und Lebenslauf, Jg. 21 (2009) H. 3, S. 264-285
Inhalt: "Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, das Analysepotential des Mikrozensus-Panels für familiensoziologische Fragestellungen darzustellen. Dazu wird zum einen aufgezeigt, wie die Daten in Episodenformat aufgearbeitet werden können, um ereignisanalytische Modelle des Geburtenverhaltens zu schätzen. Des Weiteren wird ein Modell zu den ökonomischen Determinanten des Übergangs zur Erstelternschaft vorgestellt. In einer Sensitivitätsanalyse wird geprüft, inwiefern der Ausfall der räumlich mobilen Personen die Ergebnisse verzerrt. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer kritischen Reflektion über die Grenzen und Möglichkeiten des Mikrozensus-Panels für Fertilitätsanalysen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This paper discusses whether the German microcensus panel can be used for investigations in the field of family dynamics. We show how data can be set up as spell data so that event history techniques can be applied. Furthermore, a model on the economic determinants of first birth risks is estimated. A sensitivity analysis addresses the question whether panel attrition biases the investigations. The paper concludes with a critical discussion on the scope and limits of the microcensus panel for fertility investigations." (author's abstract)
Gibt es eine zunehmende bildungsspezifische Polarisierung der Erwerbsmuster von Frauen? : Analysen auf Basis der Mikrozensen 1976-2004
Titelübersetzung:Did the polarization in female employment patterns increase over time? : an investigation with the German micro-census 1976-2004
Autor/in:
Kreyenfeld, Michaela; Konietzka, Dirk; Geisler, Esther; Böhm, Sebastian
Quelle: Max-Planck-Institut für demografische Forschung; Rostock (MPIDR Working Paper, 2007-013), 2007. 63 S.
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag untersucht den bildungsspezifischen Wandel der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Müttern in Westdeutschland. Die theoretischen Überlegungen lassen unterschiedliche Entwicklungstrends für Frauen unterschiedlichen Bildungsniveaus erwarten. Die empirischen Analysen der Scientific-Use-Files der Mikrozensen der Jahre 1976 bis 2004 zeigen einen Anstieg der Anteile Teilzeit und marginal erwerbstätiger und zugleich einen Rückgang der Anteile Vollzeit erwerbstätiger Mütter. Insbesondere unter weniger qualifizierten Müttern ist ein kontinuierlicher Rückgang des Erwerbsarbeitsumfangs über die Zeit festzustellen. Hochschulabsolventinnen mit Kindern sind dagegen am häufigsten Vollzeit erwerbstätig, und das Doppelernährer-Modell der Familie ist in der wachsenden Gruppe bildungshomogamer hoch qualifizierter Paare am weitesten verbreitet. Die Folgen sind eine verstärkte Konzentration von ökonomischen Ressourcen und erhöhte soziale Ungleichheit zwischen Haushalten und Familien." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This paper examines the development of female and maternal labor market participation in western Germany. We discuss major forces that contribute to educational differences in female employment behavior. The empirical investigation draws on data from the scientific-use-files of the micro-censuses from the years 1976 to 2004. While part-time and marginal employment rates of mothers have increased in recent years, their full-time employment rates have decreased. Particularly, the least educated mothers show dramatic reductions in their working hours over time. Fulltime employment is most common among highly educated mothers and the 'dual breadwinner model' is most common among highly educated couples. This finding has major consequences for the concentration of economic resources and inequality between households and families." (author's abstract)
Time Squeeze, Partner Effect or Self-Selection? An Investigation into the Positive Effect of Women's Education on Second Birth Risks in West Germany
Autor/in:
Kreyenfeld, Michaela
Quelle: Demographic Research, 7 (2002) 2, S 15-48
Inhalt: This paper investigates the role of women’s education in the transition to the second child using data from the 1997 German micro-census. We begin our analysis with a simple model, which shows a positive effect of woman’s education on the transition rate to the second child for West German women. We argue that this effect is most likely confounded by various factors. Firstly, we assume that there is a time-squeeze effect, which increases the transition rate to the second child for more highly educated women. Secondly, titled as the partner hypothesis, we argue that more highly educated women often live with more highly educated partners who have the earning potential to afford a large family. Thirdly, titled as the selection hypothesis, we argue that the positive effect of women’s education can be attributed to a selection effect, i.e. family-oriented college graduates are more likely to select themselves into the group of women at risk of second birth. The empirical investigations particularly support the second and third hypotheses. After controlling for the partner’s characteristics and including unobserved heterogeneity factors, the positive effect of female education becomes strongly negative.
Schlagwörter:Bildung; education; Mikrozensus; microcensus; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; Fruchtbarkeit; fertility; Federal Republic of Germany; Geburt; birth; Partnerwahl; choice of partner; second births
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie