Faith-based organisations as welfare providers in Brazil: the conflict over gender in cases of domestic violence
Autor/in:
Beecheno, Kim
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 7 (2019) 2, S 14-23
Inhalt: What does the growth of faith-based organisations (FBOs) in social welfare mean for women’s rights and gender equality, especially within advocacy services for women experiencing domestic violence? Through empirical research within a Catholic-based organisation providing welfare services to abused women in São Paulo, Brazil, this article argues that FBOs can negatively impact the provision of women's rights when conservative and patriarchal views towards gender and women’s roles in society are maintained. A heavily matrifocal perspective, where women’s identity and subjectivity are mediated through their normative roles as wives, mothers and carers of the family, appears to offer little possibility of change for abused women, who are encouraged to forgive violent husbands and question their own behaviour. Mediation between couples is promoted, undermining women's rights upheld through Brazil's domestic violence law (Lei Maria da Penha no 11.340). Furthermore, the focus of family preservation, supported by a patriarchal state, means that violence against women (VAW) appears to be subordinated to a focus on family violence and violence against children. In this case, faith-based involvement in social welfare rejects the feminist analysis of VAW as a gender-based problem, viewing it as a personal issue rather than a collective or political issue, making women responsible for the violence in their lives.
Advancing Women's Political Rights in Africa: The Promise and Potential of ACDEG
Titelübersetzung:Förderung politischer Rechte von Frauen in Afrika: Das Versprechen und das Potenzial der ACDEG
Autor/in:
Abdulmelik, Nebila; Belay, Tsion
Quelle: Africa Spectrum, 54 (2019) 2, S 147-161
Inhalt: This paper places women at the centre of analysis, examining the potential and promise of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG) in the advancement of women’s political rights. This is a highly under-researched topic, necessitating a mapping of the current political landscape for women and an understanding of how ACDEG addresses these challenges as well as provides opportunities for advancing women's political participation. This paper argues that ACDEG provides a good basis and framework to operate from for member states - some of whom already have suitable policies, and more importantly suitable practices, in place that emerge from a range of normative frameworks, including the Maputo Protocol. ACDEG complements these frameworks and makes a further case for women's full and meaningful participation in public and private life by obligating states to take concrete steps to guarantee women's political rights. Considering this, the paper identifies prospects for women's rights activists and organisations to invoke ACDEG and monitor its implementation in the move towards the realisation of African women's political rights.
Schlagwörter:Afrika; Africa; woman; Menschenrechte; human rights; politische Partizipation; political participation; ACDEG; women's rights; political rights
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Recht
Girls' Exploitation in the triple border among Argentina, Brasil and Paraguay: between colonialism and human rights narratives
Autor/in:
Zsögön, Maria Cecilia
Quelle: Society Register, 3 (2019) 4, S 57-74
Inhalt: This article focuses on the narratives and underlying ideologies that enable the persistence of girls’ sexual exploitation in the region of the Triple Border among Argentina, Brasil and Paraguay, where field work was conducted. We argue that the persistence of colonial practices has contributed to the reproduction of subalternity positions for girls and women -especially from impoverished sectors- enforced by the conservative and patriarchal discourse present in many countries of the region. This scenario enables the persistence and naturalization of certain practices that became "invisible" or even accepted and justified as being “cultural”. In this sense, we propose that human rights narrative, although being a Eurocentric construction, can comprise a platform for raising issues on gender inequality and all forms of violence and exploitation taking place in the peripheral regions of the world.
Schlagwörter:Mädchen; girl; Menschenrechte; human rights; Recht; law; Ausbeutung; exploitation; Sexualdelikt; sexual offense; girls' sexual exploitation; human rights; Triple border; discourse analysis
SSOAR Kategorie:Recht, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Feministische Herausforderungen an das Flüchtlingsrecht: von der zweiten zur dritten Welle
Titelübersetzung:Feminist challenges for refugee law: from the second to the third wave
Autor/in:
Wessels, Janna
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 10 (2018) 2, S 18-31
Inhalt: Der Beitrag wirft einen feministischen Blick auf das Flüchtlingsrecht. Der zunächst für den klassischen politischen - und männlichen - Dissidenten entworfene Flüchtlingsbegriff hat in den vergangenen Jahren eine tiefgreifende Transformation erfahren, die sich gut mit der zentralen These der zweiten Welle des Feminismus greifen lässt: Das Private ist politisch. Die Aufweichung zwischen öffentlichem und privatem Bereich führte zu einem grundlegenden Wandel, der es ermöglichte, dass bestimmte geschlechtsspezifische Verfolgungssituationen ebenfalls von der Definition erfasst werden können. Nach diesem großen Erfolg hat das feministische Engagement mit dem Flüchtlingsrecht aber stark nachgelassen. Der Beitrag arbeitet fortbestehende Herausforderungen heraus und zeigt auf, dass auch die dritte Welle des Feminismus wichtige Lehren zur Weiterentwicklung des Flüchtlingsrechts bereithält.
Inhalt: The article takes a feminist look at refugee law. The refugee concept, which was originally designed for classic political - and male - dissidents, has undergone a profound transformation in recent years. These changes are neatly reflected in the central claim of second-wave feminism: the personal is political. The closing of the public/private di- vide has led to a fundamental change, such that the definition of "refugee" is now understood to cover gender-related persecution. Following this great success, however, feminist engagement with refugee law diminished considerably. The article elaborates on remaining challenges and shows that thirdwave feminism also has some important lessons for the further development of refugee law.
Die Macht zu gestalten - die Mutterschutzrichtlinie im legislativen Bermuda-Dreieck der Europäischen Union
Titelübersetzung:The power to (re-)design - the maternity leave directive in the legislative Bermuda triangle of the European Union
Autor/in:
Ahrens, Petra; Abels, Gabriele
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 26 (2017) 1, S 39-54
Inhalt: "Zum Selbstbild der Europäischen Union (EU) gehört, dass sie sich als gleichstellungspolitisch progressive Polity sieht. Es wird allerdings vielfach bezweifelt, dass diese Selbsteinschätzung auch den Praxistest besteht. In der letzten Dekade sind die gleichstellungspolitischen Aktivitäten - zumindest in legislativer Hinsicht - marginal gewesen. Der Beitrag untersucht die Mutterschutzrichtlinie (Mutterschutz-RL) von 1992 und die Bemühungen der letzten Jahre, diese zu reformieren. Diese Reform scheiterte 2015 mit dem Rückzug des Richtlinienvorschlags durch die EU-Kommission. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens der Prozessanalyse wird der legislative Vorschlag und der Gesetzgebungsprozess hinsichtlich der Gestaltungsoptionen durch die legislativen Institutionen Europäische Kommission, Rat der EU und Europäisches Parlament untersucht. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass mehr Kompetenzen für eine zentrale Gleichstellungsakteur*in - hier das EP und insbesondere der FEMM-Ausschuss - nicht ausreichen, um Fortschritte in diesem Politikfeld durchzusetzen. Das Beispiel verweist auf die sich in der letzten Dekade veränderten politischen Opportunitäten für Gleichstellungspolitik. Auch für die Zukunft sind hier im Bereich 'hard law' keine Fortschritte zu erwarten." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The European Union identifies itself as a progressive gender equality polity. Many observers question if this self-image stands the test run. The last decade has hardly seen any legislative progress in the field of gender equality. The contribution focuses on the so-called maternity leave directive as of 1992 and the recent attempts to reform the directive. This reform came to an end when the European Commission withdrew its proposal for a directive in 2015. Employing process tracing, we investigate the legislative proposal and the 'ordinary legislative procedure' with regards to the question of the (re-)design options for the EU actors involved, i.e. the Commission, the Council of the EU and the European Parliament. Our analysis illustrates that the enhanced competencies for key equality actors - in this case, the European Parliament and its FEMM committee for women's rights and gender equality - were not sufficient to achieve real progress in this field. The case study exemplifies the changing opportunity structures for gender equality over the last decade. We assume that we will not see real 'hard law' progress in the near future." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:EU; EU; Gleichstellungspolitik; equal opportunity policy; Gesetzgebung; legislation; Geschlechterpolitik; gender policy; Macht; power; Mutterschutz; maternity protection; Richtlinie; directive; Reform; reform; Europarat; Council of Europe; Europäischer Ministerrat; European Council of Ministers; Europäische Kommission; European Commission; Legislative; legislative
SSOAR Kategorie:Europapolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Recht
Gender and the right to non-discrimination in international human rights law
Autor/in:
Netkova, Bistra
Quelle: Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 1 (2016) 3, S 20-29
Inhalt: Discrimination against women based on the fact that they are women is a deeply rooted practice in all societies. However, the level of discrimination varies greatly with the level of development of the given society and strongly influences and vice versa it is influenced by the status of women in a given society. Addressing this gender-based discrimination is a difficult task because it is closely linked to the concept of equality, and state’s action and inactions. The article establishes that the States parties’ obligation is to ensure that there is no direct or indirect discrimination against women in their laws, sanctions, and other remedies and those women are protected against discrimination in the public, as well as, in the private spheres.
Schlagwörter:Frauenfeindlichkeit; mysogyny; Diskriminierung; discrimination; gender-specific factors; sozialer Status; social status; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Gleichheit; equality; Menschenrechte; human rights; woman; internationales Recht; international law; Gleichbehandlung; equal treatment; Frauenpolitik; women's policy; Chancengleichheit; equal opportunity; Rechtsnorm; legal norm; direct and indirect discrimination; CEDAW; ECHR; HRC of the ICCPR
SSOAR Kategorie:Recht, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
24-Stunden-Betreuung in Österreich - die Nutzung migrantisierter Arbeitskraft: Vorzeigemodell oder Arbeitsausbeutung?
Autor/in:
Bachinger, Almut
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 25 (2016) 1, S 39-51
Inhalt: "Bezahlte Care- und Hausarbeit, die von MigrantInnen geleistet wird, hat seit den 1990er-Jahren immer weitere Verbreitung im globalen Maßstab erreicht. Im Bereich der Altenpflege und -versorgung entwickelten sich besonders prekäre Arbeitsarrangements und migrantische Arbeitskräfte füllen jene Care Lücken, die nicht mehr durch unbezahlte Arbeit abgedeckt werden. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der 24 Stunden Pflege in Österreich, dass es dabei auch zur systematischen Ausbeutung durch europäische Wohlfahrtsstaaten kommt. Indem dort Arbeitsrecht ausgesetzt wird und die Unterschreitung von Mindestlöhnen durch Kollektivvertragslöhne rechtlich abgesichert werden, wird die geschlechtsspezifische Ausbeutung migrantischer Hausangestellten legalisiert. Dies ist möglich durch eine KomplizInnenschaft von Wohlfahrtsstaat und den NutzerInnen der ausbeuterischen Dienstleistungen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Paid domestic labour carried out by migrants has increased globally since the 1990s. Especially in the area of care for the elderly, working conditions are extremely precarious and migrants are recruited when unpaid family care is missing. The paper reveals that European welfare states systematically exploit migrants demonstrating the example of 24 hour care in Austria. Suspending labour regulations and undermining minimum wages through collectively bargained wages, gender specific exploitation of migrant domestic workers is legalized. Complicity of welfare states and users of exploitative services enable this." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Hausarbeit; housework; Altenpflege; nursing care for the elderly; Migrant; migrant; woman; Arbeitskraft; capacity to work; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; prekäre Beschäftigung; precarious employment; Arbeitsrecht; labor law; Ausbeutung; exploitation; gender-specific factors; Österreich; Austria
SSOAR Kategorie:Recht, Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen
