Chancengleichheit in akademischen Berufen : Beruf und Lebensführung in Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Titelübersetzung:Equal opportunity in academic careers : careers and life in natural science and technology
Autor/in:
Könekamp, Bärbel
Quelle: Wiesbaden: Dt. Univ.-Verl., 2007. 199 S.
Inhalt: Die Frage nach der Chancengleichheit von Männern und Frauen in hochqualifizierten Berufsbereichen kann heute nicht mehr mit fehlenden fachlichen Qualifikationen der Frauen beantwortet werden. Die geringe Zahl von Akademikerinnen in Spitzenpositionen gibt Anlass, das Phänomen der "gläsernen Decke" mit der Frage nach der Chancengleichheit in akademischen Berufen zu verbinden. Hierzu greift die vorliegende empirische Studie auf die Diskussion um akademische Berufe als Professionen bzw. bürgerliche Berufe zurück, um auf eine spezifische Lebensführung der in diesen Berufen tätigen Personen aufmerksam zu machen. Was am Arbeitsplatz geschieht - auch die Frage der Anerkennung von Leistungen und Qualifikation - ist ohne Bezug auf das komplexe Konstrukt der im Beruf geforderten Lebensführung nicht zu verstehen. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Frage der Chancengleichheit im Bereich naturwissenschaftlicher und ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Berufe. Mit dieser Studie steht für Deutschland ein großer, differenzierter Datensatz zur beruflichen und privaten Situation von Erwerbspersonen mit natur- und ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Studienabschlüssen zur Verfügung (an der schriftlichen Befragung nahmen rund 9000 Personen teil). Die Erweiterung der Perspektive um das Konzept der "alltäglichen Lebensführung", das auch jene Dimensionen der Person einbezieht, die über den Arbeitsplatz hinaus auf die private Lebenssituation verweisen, führt zu folgendem Ergebnis: Was am Arbeitsplatz geschieht, auch die für die Frage der Chancengleichheit zentrale Bewertung und Anerkennung von Leistung und Qualifikation, ist ohne den Bezug auf den Kontext und damit auf das Konstrukt der "Lebensführung" nicht zu verstehen. (ICA2)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Are women the creeping "proletariats" of British Academia
Autor/in:
Vázquez-Cupeiro, Susana
Quelle: Institut für Politikwissenschaft, FB 06 Erziehungswissenschaft und Sozialwissenschaften, Universität Münster; Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network), 2004. 66 S.
Inhalt: "This paper will examine the position of women academics at British universities. The analysis will not only provide a statistical portrait from a gendered perspective but will also identify some national trends. Because quantitative description draws attention to particular phenomena but does not show their causes, some possible exploratory hypotheses will be discussed in order to present some possible explanations. The analysis will show how from the early 1960s onwards, the percentage of women holding academic positions in the UK has improved only marginally. The persistence of a pattern of attrition and subject ghettoization, a slow increase of women's numbers in élite universities and a process of casualisation in which academic women are embedded, characterise their current position, making women the 'proletariats' of British academia. Finally, some recommendations will be presented for future attempts to improve not only women's position but also their working conditions." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)