Quelle: European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies, 1 (2018) 2, S 55-77
Inhalt: This study ascertained the significant effectiveness of Nigeria’s microfinance model of financial inclusion on women empowerment. Following reforms in the financial system geared towards enhancing women financial inclusion and digitalization of financial products and services, its effect on women empowerment becomes imperative. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of available microfinance banks’ products in rural communities via rent savings, child education, new born and daily savings account on women empowerment. A descriptive survey design was utilized to realize our objective. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were distributed to respondents, out of which one hundred and ninety (190) were fully completed and used for the analysis. After checking for internal reliability of the responses through the Alpha Cronbach’s test, we proceeded to applying Pearson correlation and regression estimations. From the regression estimation, we identified a positive and significant relationship between women empowerment and microfinance banks’ products: rent savings, child education, new born and daily savings account. Thus, microfinance model is a policy in the right direction that will result in more financial inclusion of the women population especially, in rural communities. Subsequently, we recommend the creation of more women tailored products by microfinance banks. This will avail them the opportunity to choose from variety of products and services that specifically suit their needs. Furthermore, collateral for women to access finance from these microfinance banks should be community/socially based rather than individually based.
Schlagwörter:Nigeria; Nigeria; Mikrofinanzierung; microfinance; woman; Empowerment; empowerment; Kreditvergabe; lending; Sparen; savings; Benachteiligung; deprivation; gender-specific factors; Partizipation; participation; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Afrika südlich der Sahara; Africa South of the Sahara; financial inclusion; microfinance products
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie
The Traps of International Scripts: Making a Case for a Critical Anthropology of Gender and Sexuality in Development
Autor/in:
Roodsaz, Rahil; Van Raemdonck, An
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 16-24
Inhalt: In this article, we look at colonialities of gender and sexuality as concepts employed in international aid and development. These international arenas reveal not only strong reiterations of modernist linear thinking and colonial continuities but also provide insights into the complexities of the implementation and vernacularisation of gender and sexuality in practices of development. Using a critical anthropological perspective, we discuss case studies based on our own research in Egypt and Bangladesh to illustrate the importance of unpacking exclusionary mechanisms of gender and sexuality scripts in the promotion of women’s rights and sexual and reproductive health and rights in postcolonial development contexts. We provide a conceptual analysis of decolonial feminist attempts at moving beyond the mere critique of development to enable a more inclusive conversation in the field of development. To work towards this goal, we argue, a critical anthropological approach proves promising in allowing a politically-sensitive, ethical, and critical engagement with the Other.
Schlagwörter:Kolonialismus; colonialism; Anthropologie; anthropology; Gender; gender; Sexualität; sexuality; internationale Hilfe; international aid; Entwicklungshilfe; development aid; woman; Menschenrechte; human rights; Postkolonialismus; post-colonialism; Feminismus; feminism; Ägypten; Egypt; Bangladesch; Bangladesh; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Nordafrika; North Africa; Südasien; South Asia; critical anthropology; development;
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie
Quelle: Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health, 3 (2016) 4, S 8-21
Inhalt: Migrant adolescent girls in India’s fast-growing urban-slum population face multiple intersecting vulnerabilities,
including gender, poverty and migrant-status.
The study aims to understand the opportunities and challenges for migrant adolescent girls in low-income urban
slum settings.
Qualitative data were collected through interviews with girls aged 12-19 who migrated during the past two years
and non-migrant adolescent girls for comparison to explore their experiences in fast-growing Indore. A groupinterview with slum women’s group members discussedways to address challenges.
Push/pull factors linked with different employment/educational opportunities between rural and urban areas
motivated families of unmarried girls to migrate. Recently married girls joined city-based families or accompanied
husbands who were labor migrants. Neither married nor unmarried girls played decision-making roles in
migration.
Married migrant adolescent girls faced challenges in accessing education, employment, social opportunities and
services owing to restrictions on freedom of movement, weak social networks, and little awareness of
opportunities and services. Childbearing migrant girls faced particular risks. Contact with their natal families being
limited, the quality of relationship with husbands and marital families was crucial for married girls’well-being.
Unmarried girls attending schools were positive about the migration experience, perceiving the city to offer
greater educational opportunities. Through school, they accessed opportunities for new relationships and social
activities. Not all unmarried adolescent-girls wereable to access opportunities owing to family restrictions and
economic circumstances. These girls’ worlds remained small despite moving to a large city.
Where girls’ economic and/or family and social circumstances allowed, migration entailed a positive change that
enhanced their opportunities. Specific challenges of this population segment need focus in policies and programs,
prioritizing three particularly vulnerable groups: girls who are neither in education nor employment, pregnant
girls or new mothers, and those with difficult relationships in marital homes. Proactive outreach to raise awareness about opportunities and services and fostering social networks through front-line workers and slum women’s groups are recommended.
Schlagwörter:labor migration; Indien; soziales Netzwerk; adolescence; Schwangerschaft; slum; Familiensituation; pregnancy; Migrant; Arbeitsmigration; sozioökonomische Faktoren; large city; Adoleszenz; Jugendlicher; Großstadt; social inequality; Südasien; Slum; poverty; adolescent; migrant; Armut; health care; girl; marriage immigration; social network; Gesundheitsversorgung; Mädchen; socioeconomic factors; exclusion; Entwicklungsland; South Asia; Exklusion; India; family situation; soziale Ungleichheit; Heiratsmigration; developing country; married girls; internal migration; SDGs; women's groups
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheitspolitik, Migration
Ethnic identity, informal institutions, and the failure to elect women in Indigenous Southern Mexico
Titelübersetzung:Ethnische Identität, informelle Institutionen und die Nicht-Wahl von Frauen im indigenen Südmexiko
Autor/in:
Danielson, Michael Stephen; Eisenstadt, Todd Alan; Yelle, Jennifer
Quelle: Journal of Politics in Latin America, 5 (2013) 3, S 3-33
Inhalt: "This article argues that the low levels of descriptive representation of women in local political office in Mexico and Latin America is much more than a problem of the purported patriarchal cultures of indigenous and rural communities. The authors claim, based on a comprehensive survey of 466 municipal governments in the indigenous state of Oaxaca, that the underrepresentation of women is a function of institutions limiting female candidates. They test this 'candidate supply' hypothesis, adapted from US-based studies, against the hypothesis that culture - as measured by indigenous ethnicity - has an independent effect on women's representation. They disconfirm that patriarchal, traditionalist cultures of indigenous communities cause underrepresentation in the election of women and instead find that a particular set of local institutions, which are more prevalent in indigenous municipalities, blocks the supply of potential women candidates. The authors conclude by considering the normative implications for women's representation in local politics in Mexico and Latin America." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:ethnische Struktur; ethnic structure; informelle Struktur; informal structure; Institution; institution; Mexiko; Mexico; woman; Abgeordneter; representative; ländlicher Raum; rural area; Mittelamerika; Central America; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Lateinamerika; Latin America
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Child-raising, childbirth and abortion in extremis: women's stories of caring for and losing children during the violence of 1965-1966 in Indonesia
Titelübersetzung:Aufzucht von Kindern, Geburten und Abtreibung unter extremen Umständen: Erzählungen von Frauen über Pflege und Verlust von Kindern in den Gewaltjahren 1965/66 in Indonesien
Autor/in:
Pohlman, Annie
Quelle: Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 32 (2013) 3, S 93-114
Inhalt: "In this paper I examine women survivors' stories about childbirth and child-raising during the period of mass violence following Indonesia's 1965 coup, as well as some accounts of abortion during detention. The focus of my research is not on children's experiences per se but rather on women survivors' accounts about what happened to their children. I discuss various aspects of these experiences, including: being pregnant and giving birth; caring for children in and outside detention; the harm and abuse of children; losing children; and forced abortions. These stories reveal much about how women cared for and lost children as well as about what happened to children during the violence of 1965. I argue that examining these experiences must therefore also be central to understanding how women and their children survived and coped with the mass violence of 1965-1966. I also argue that these stories of caring for children, as well as of how children were harmed or lost, were fundamental parts of many women's testimonies." (author's abstract)
Labyrinthe der Straflosigkeit: Frauenmorde in Ciudad Juárez und extreme Gewalt in Mexiko heute
Titelübersetzung:Labyrinths of impunity: the killing of women in Ciudad Juárez and extreme violence in Mexico today
Autor/in:
Melgar, Lucía
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 3 (2011) 2, S 90-97
Inhalt: "Der vorliegende Text behandelt die brutalen Frauenmorde (feminicidio), die seit 1993 in den mexikanischen Grenzstädten Ciudad Juärez und Chihuahua stattfinden, als extremes Beispiel für misogyne Gewalt und Verletzung der Menschenrechte. Die Nichtverfolgung der Täter und die damit verbundene Straflosigkeit sowie die Normalisierung von Gewalt gingen der aktuellen Toleranz von Gewalt im mexikanischen 'Drogenkrieg' voraus. Die Auflagen, die der Interamerikanische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte dem mexikanischen Staat im Kontext des Falles 'Campo algodonero' machte, werden nicht angemessen erfüllt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "While the extreme violence prevailing in Mexico has overshadowed the intensity of gender violence, feminicidio continues. This essay reviews the infamous murders of women occurring in Ciudad Juärez and Chihuahua since 1993, as an exemplary case of misogynistic violence and human rights violations. It argues that the process of not solving feminicide at the border allowed for the normalization of extreme violence and impunity, a precedent to the current tolerance of violence in Mexico, under the 'war on drugs'. In such a context, the historical ruling of the Inter-American Human Rights Court against the Mexican State in the case of feminicide is ill-fated." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:International Court of Justice; Mexiko; Latin America; sexual offense; human rights violation; historical analysis; Menschenrechtsverletzung; barbarism; Central America; Mexico; criminal law; offender; Sexualdelikt; historische Analyse; justice; homicide; Tötungsdelikt; Strafrecht; violence; Mittelamerika; Gewalt; woman; court decision; Entwicklungsland; Gerechtigkeit; Täter; gender-specific factors; Barbarei; Gerichtsentscheidung; developing country; Internationaler Gerichtshof; Lateinamerika
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, soziale Probleme
Geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt und Gegenstrategien von Frauenrechts- und Gender-Organisationen in Südafrika
Titelübersetzung:Gender-based violence, women's rights and gender organisations in South Africa
Autor/in:
Schäfer, Rita
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 3 (2011) 2, S 61-75
Inhalt: "Das rassistische und sexistische Machtgebaren der Weißen, die systematische Demütigung und Unterdrückung schwarzer Männer sowie die fortschreitende Militarisierung der gesamten Gesellschaft während der Apartheid gelten als wichtige Faktoren für die Entstehung der geschlechtsspezifischen Gewaltmuster in Südafrika. Nach anfänglichen Rechtsreformen und einer innovativen Gender-Politik der ANC-Regierung in den 1990er Jahren sind Frauen- und Gender-Organisationen heute sowohl mit dem gewaltsamen Erbe der Apartheid als auch mit frauenfeindlichen Agitationen durch ANC-Politiker konfrontiert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The white settler regime in South Africa, which was racist and sexist at the same time, oppressed and humiliated black men. In addition, the militarization of the society influenced the development of structural and gender-based violence in South Africa. After some innovative legal reforms and the introduction of gender policies by the ANC government in the 1990s some ANC politicians has become hostile against women's organisations and gender organisations. At the same time these organisations have to cope with the violent heritage of Apartheid." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Republik Südafrika; Republic of South Africa; Apartheid; apartheid; woman; Gewalt; violence; gender-specific factors; Gender Mainstreaming; gender mainstreaming; Rassismus; racism; Frauenorganisation; women's organization; Frauenrechtlerin; feminist; politischer Wandel; political change; historische Entwicklung; historical development; Ungleichheit; inequality; Recht; law; Vernetzung; networking; Strukturproblem; structural problem; politische Aktivität; political activity; Lobby; lobby; südliches Afrika; Southern Africa; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Afrika südlich der Sahara; Africa South of the Sahara; Afrika; Africa
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, soziale Probleme, Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, allgemeine Geschichte
Transnationale Räume und die Konstituierung von lokalen Räumen zur Aushandlung von Entwicklung und Geschlechterverhältnissen
Titelübersetzung:Transnational spaces and the negotiation of development and gender relations locally through the constitution of new spaces
Autor/in:
Dannecker, Petra
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 3 (2011) 1, S 47-64
Inhalt: "Die Konstituierung von sozialen Räumen über die Aushandlung von globalen Entwicklungskonzepten- und -visionen steht im Zentrum dieses Beitrags. Es wird gezeigt, wie Frauenorganisationen und -bewegungen im Sudan, im Senegal und in Malaysia globale Entwicklungskonzepte, die in transnationalen Räumen vereinbart werden, zur Aushandlung von Geschlechterverhältnissen, Entwicklung und Islam lokalisieren. Im Vordergrund steht die Bedeutung von transnationalen Netzwerken, Medien und 'neuen' Formen der sozialen Interaktion und damit die Bedeutung des transnationalen Raumes als Wissensressource und als strategisches Instrument, um lokale Räume zu konstituieren und sozialen Wandel zu initiieren." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In this article it will be shown how women's organizations in Sudan, Malaysia and Senegal constitute new social spaces through the negotiations of global development concepts and visions locally. It will be shown that transnational networks, new forms of communication and interaction as well as the connection of different fields of knowledge are modes developed for the constitution of spaces for negotiating gender relations, Islam, development and social change locally. Transnational spaces do play, as the analysis of the empirical material reveals, an important role as a knowledge base and for developing new strategies." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:paradigm change; zone; Gender Mainstreaming; Paradigmenwechsel; Asia; women's organization; women's policy; interaction; Africa; Kooperation; Netzwerk; Sudan; Frauenpolitik; Southeast Asia; arabische Länder; Afrika; Transnationalisierung; Südostasien; transnationalization; Arab countries; Sudan; woman; sozialer Wandel; Geschlechterverhältnis; French-speaking Africa; Entwicklungsland; Interaktion; Senegal; social change; islamische Gesellschaft; Ostafrika; gender relations; knowledge transfer; network; Islamic society; Afrika südlich der Sahara; Senegal; East Africa; Entwicklungspolitik; Wissenstransfer; Malaysia; Asien; Frauenorganisation; gender mainstreaming; West Africa; Raum; development policy; Malaysia; cooperation; Africa South of the Sahara; Westafrika; developing country; frankophones Afrika
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
"Life in brackets": biographical uncertainties of HIV-positive women in South Africa
Titelübersetzung:Leben auf Zeit: biografische Unsicherheiten HIV-positiver Frauen in Südafrika
Autor/in:
Burchardt, Marian
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 11 (2010) 1, 23 S
Inhalt: In dem Maße, wie die südafrikanische AIDS-Epidemie voranschreitet und der Zugang zu Medikamenten die Überlebenschancen verbessert, bilden die Erfahrungen und Auswirkungen der Krankheit einen immer wichtigeren Bestandteil biografischer Selbst-Konstruktionen der Infizierten. Der Artikel widmet sich der Untersuchung von typischen Strategien des Umgangs mit biografischer Unsicherheit im Kontext von AIDS, die sich aus neuen Herausforderungen ergeben, nachdem der mit der Diagnose verbundene Schock ontologischer Unsicherheit überwunden wurde. Die Untersuchung basiert auf der kontrastierenden Interpretation problemzentrierter biografischer Interviews, in deren Verlauf Ergebnisse in Hypothesen zum Zusammenhang von biografischer Situationstypik und Handlungsstrategie überführt und im Fallvergleich validiert wurden. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die empirisch begründete These, dass "persönliche Transformation", "soziale Unterstützung" und die Auseinandersetzung mit "Normalitätsfolien" Schlüsselkategorien für das Verständnis dieser Strategien darstellen. Darüber hinaus zeigt der Beitrag, anhand welcher sozialen Prozesse diese Kategorien in den Sphären von Religion, AIDS-Aktivismus und Jugendkultur ihre konkrete empirische Gestalt erhalten.
Inhalt: As South Africa is witnessing a maturing AIDS epidemic, the experience and impact of the disease are written ever more firmly into the biographical self-constructions of the infected. In this article, I explore typical strategies of dealing with uncertainties arising from new challenges, after the shock of ontological insecurity ensuing from the diagnosis, has been overcome. The analysis is based on contrasting interpretations of problem-centered biographical interviews with HIV-positive South African women. In the process, results have been formulated in terms of hypotheses regarding links between biographical situatedness and strategies of action. The hypotheses have been validated through case comparisons. The article highlights personal transformation, social support and the search for normality as key aspects for understanding these strategies and spells out how these are enabled, constrained and shaped within the social domains of religion, AIDS activism and township youth culture.
Schlagwörter:Jugendkultur; AIDS; social support; AIDS; cure; junger Erwachsener; Transformation; security; risk; Afrika südlich der Sahara; Africa; Handlungsorientierung; Biographie; Heilung; Southern Africa; Strategie; Republik Südafrika; Afrika; Verhalten; transformation; südliches Afrika; behavior; Auswirkung; youth culture; Risiko; young adult; identity; Krankheit; woman; Identität; soziale Unterstützung; strategy; impact; Entwicklungsland; Sicherheit; Republic of South Africa; Religion; religion; action orientation; biography; Africa South of the Sahara; illness; developing country; Unsicherheit; biography; uncertainty; South Africa; healing; identity
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheitspolitik
