Identification of barriers to entrepreneurship of female household heads covered by Tehran welfare organization
Autor/in:
Shahmahmoudi, Reza; Danesh, Parvaneh
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 43, S 60-72
Inhalt: One of the important tasks of social helpers is empowerment of vulnerable groups. One of these vulnerable groups is female household heads. One of the practices that can help empowering of them is to encourage female household heads to financial independence. Entrepreneurship is something that can lead to financial independence of female household heads. Moreover, entrepreneurship can lead to better mental and social health of this vulnerable group. The first step in empowering female household heads through entrepreneurship is to identify their obstacles and entrepreneurship problems. Because by identification of these barriers it can be done more appropriate measures in order to empower them. So, the aim of the present study is to identify entrepreneurship barriers of female household heads covered by Welfare Organization in Tehran. The method of the current study is survey. The statistical population of this research is all female household heads covered by Welfare Organization in Tehran that 350 of them were selected randomly.In order to collect data in this research, researcher-built questionnaire was used. In this research, the face validity and content aspect of the questionnaire were confirmed and reliability coefficient was obtained 0.81 using Cronbach’s alpha indicating desirable reliability of research questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed through self-creativity and then data were analyzed using SPSS software. Among problems that women encountered with them, the first ten ones are respectively the loss of fund to begin a job, existence of strictly official rules, gender discrimination and ignoring the ability of women by the society and responsible organizations, ignoring women in management affairs, over-concern about paying back the loans, emphasis on having personal fund instead of borrowing it from others, loss of pawn in order to get a loan, lack of proper support by government and governmental organizations, few facilities to begin a job by sponsor organizations, and unsuitable behavior of some organizations due to promotion of male-dominating in the society that statistically meaningful difference in prioritizing of these barriers was seen (p < 0.05). Considering the findings of the current research, the programs in order to support female household heads economically and special facilities for them can provide their entrepreneurship basis. Also, gender discriminations against women especially female household heads can be decreased through acculturating using media and national media. The findings of the current research can be useful for social helpers, sponsor organizations and policymakers in direction of empowering the female household heads.
"Und der Karriereknick kam eigentlich immer,
wenn die Kolleginnen dann mit Kind lieber Teilzeit
gearbeitet haben.": eine Studie zu Aufstiegschancen
deutscher Managerinnen
Titelübersetzung:"And the career dip actually always appeared when the female colleagues, now with a child, preferred to WorkP-time.": a study of the promotion prospects of German female managers
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 1 (2009) 1, S 142-149
Inhalt: "Die beruflichen Aufstiegschancen für Frauen entsprechen noch immer nicht denen ihrer männlichen Kollegen. Allgemein wird davon ausgegangen, dass dies vor allem an der schwierigen Vereinbarkeit von Karriere und Familie liegt, was in der Öffentlichkeit noch immer als reines Frauenthema betrachtet wird. In der 2008 durchgeführten Studie wurden sechs Frauen aus dem Top- und mittleren Management mittels strukturierter Telefoninterviews u.a. zu ihrer Karriereplanung, zu ihrem beruflichen Aufstieg und zu ihren familiären Verhältnissen befragt. Nach Aussage der Befragten sind es v.a. gesellschaftliche Normen und Vorstellungen, die in die Betriebe hinein wirken und Frauen daran hindern, in Führungsetagen aufzusteigen. Erst wenn z.B. Kindererziehung genauso Männer- wie Frauensache ist, werden Frauen die gleichen Aufstiegschancen bekommen wie ihre männlichen Kollegen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The promotion prospects of women still do not match those of their male colleagues. In general, it is always referred to the difficult compatibility of career and family, which is still considered a women's issue. In the study, carried out in 2008, six German female managers from top and managers from a middle position were asked about their career planning, career success and their family background in structured telephone interviews. These women stated that it is especially due to social standards and beliefs which influence companies and prevent women from being promoted to managerial levels. Only if child education, for instance, becomes men's and women's business, women will face the same career opportunities as their male colleagues." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:career advancement; Führungskraft; Geschäftsführung; executive; Chancengleichheit; Familienplanung; gender role; Familie-Beruf; Federal Republic of Germany; Karriere; organizational culture; work-family balance; woman; Geschlechtsrolle; Unternehmenskultur; management; equal opportunity; beruflicher Aufstieg; career; family planning
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Management
Frauen - die besseren Führungskräfte? "Soft skills" als neue Anforderungen im Management
Titelübersetzung:Are women better managers? Soft skills as new leadership qualities
Autor/in:
Rastetter, Daniela
Quelle: Journal für Psychologie, 5 (1997) 2, S 43-55
Inhalt: Immer wieder taucht in den Medien und der Managementliteratur die These auf, dass Frauen besondere Fähigkeiten haben, die in Zukunft für Führungstätigkeiten gebraucht werden, nämlich die "soft skills", zu denen unter anderem Beziehungsorientierung und Einfühlungsvermögen gehören. So hoffnungsvoll diese These sein mag, so trügerisch erweist sie sich bei näherer Betrachtung. Denn sie legt Frauen nicht nur auf bestimmte Eigenschaften fest, die ihnen noch nie Zugang zu Machtpositionen verschafft haben, sondern sie verschleiert auch die dem Management immanente Herrschaft, die dafür sorgt, dass Privilegien in Männerbünden gesichert werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass die den "soft skills" zugrundeliegenden Annahmen keineswegs zu einer größeren Zahl von Frauen in Führungspositionen führen, sondern im Gegenteil deren Ausgrenzung in einem besonders frauenfreundlichen Gewand legitimieren.
Rezension: Gary N. Powell: Women and men in management
Autor/in:
Berthoin Antal, Ariane
Quelle: Organization studies: an international multidisciplinary journal devoted to the study of organizations, organizing, and the organized in and between societies, 11 (1990) 2, S 285-288