CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|
Quelle: Science Scope, Vol. 24 (2001) No. 8, S. 49-51
Inhalt: "This article points out the challenges female scientists have in obtaining recognition and discusses why the percentage of women in science is low; explains how teachers can help." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Barriers and constraints : women physicists' perceptions of career progress
Autor/in:
Hodgson, Barbara; Scanlon, Eileen; Whitelegg, Elizabeth
Quelle: Physics education, Vol. 35 (2000) No. 6, S. 454-459
Inhalt: "Researchers in the area of women in science are trying to understand how the participation of women in science can be increased and also what prevents women from developing scientific careers. Past influential work supports the importance of taking the perspective of women's education and career paths as a whole, emphasizing the importance of structural and social factors in career progress. This paper reports some outcomes from an interview study with women PhD physicists working in a variety of science-related careers. Our aim is to explore and document the career experience of women scientists and to identify barriers and constraints to women's participation in science careers and to investigate ways in which educational experiences contribute to career progress." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Empfehlungen zur Chancengleichheit von Frauen in Wissenschaft und Forschung
Titelübersetzung:Recommendations relating to equal opportunity of women in science and research
Herausgeber/in:
Wissenschaftsrat
Quelle: Wissenschaftsrat; Köln: Wissenschaftsrat, 1998. 131 S.
Inhalt: Die deutliche Unterrepräsentanz von Frauen im Bereich der wissenschaftlichen Weiterqualifizierung und in wissenschaftlichen Führungspositionen hat der Wissenschaftsrat zum Anlaß genommen, eine Bestandsaufnahme vorzunehmen und Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung und Herstellung von Chancengleichheit von Frauen abzugeben. Einem kurzen Abriß der historischen Entwicklung der Beteiligung von Frauen in Studium und Wissenschaft folgt eine statistische Darstellung der gegenwärtigen Beteiligung von Frauen in Studium und Beschäftigung an den deutschen Hochschulen, in außeruniversitären Forschungs- und Wissenschaftseinrichtungen, in Leitungs- und Entscheidungsgremien an den Hochschulen und in der Wissenschaft, in Fördermaßnahmen von Bund und Ländern sowie an den Förderprogrammen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft. Anschließend werden wissenschaftsinterne und -externe Rahmenbedingungen der wissenschaftlichen Karriere von Frauen in der Bundesrepublik sowie in der DDR umrissen. Ein kurzes Kapitel ist der Entwicklung der Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung und den Konzepten einer Frauenuniversität gewidmet. Ein Blick wird dann noch auf die Situation in Europa und in den USA geworfen, bevor im zweiten Teil der Veröffentlichung Stellungnahmen und Empfehlungen zur Veränderung der Verhältnisse in Hochschulen, außeruniversitären Einrichtungen und Fördereinrichtungen abgegeben werden. (IAB)
The myth of meritocracy and delusions of equity : cultural impediments to diversity in natural science programs
Autor/in:
Jones, Leslie S.
Quelle: San Diego, 1998. 12 S.
Inhalt: "In an effort to determine why there is continued scarcity of all women and of men
of color in the sciences, this study turns the lens of the social sciences onto social
aspects of the sciences. Interviews with academic science faculty examined gender
and racial/ethnic issues in the professional domain of a variety of scientists for
clues as to how the culture of science might influence demographic participation in
science programs. As a study of culture with an explicitly sociopolitical agenda,
this study adheres most closely to the traditions of Critical Ethnography. Interviews
were conducted with 34 practicing scientists sampled demographically across science
and applied science fields with respect to sex and racial/ ethnic background. The
interviewees were half female, half male, half Caucasian, and half people of color
(from several ethnic groups). Results indicate that the scientific method and its
associated worldview are the most readily identifiable source of the problem of minority
representation in the sciences. Scientists believe they can remove subjectivity from
their treatment of people, because they are convinced they can do this in their empirical
work. Responses, however, in interviews indicate that people in the sciences are not
treated equally or equitably." (author's abstract)|
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Europa und Internationales, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Women in higher education : effects of crises and change
Titelübersetzung:Frauen in der Hochschulausbildung
Autor/in:
Sutherland, Margaret
Quelle: Higher education : the international journal of higher education and educational planning, Vol. 17 (1988) No. 5, S. 479-490
Inhalt: Der Beitrag untersucht mögliche Auswirkungen der Wirtschaftskrise in Europa, Australien, den USA und Japan auf den Zugang von Frauen zur Hochschulausbildung, auf ihre Studienfachwahl und auf die Beschäftigungschancen von Hochschulabsolventinnen im allgemeinen und als Hochschullehrerinnen. Es wird festgestellt, daß die finanziellen Rahmenbedingungen für ein Studium sich ebenso verschlechtert haben wie die Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten an den Hochschulen, was die Entwicklung zu mehr Chancengleichheit an den Hochschulen eher gefährdet. (IAB)