CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
Frau versus Künstlerin versus Wissenschaftlerin : Musikerinnen und Musikwissenschaftlerinnen im Deutschland des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
Autor/in:
Borchard, Beatrix
Quelle: Frau macht Wissenschaft: Wissenschaftlerinnen gestern und heute. Immacolata Amodeo (Hrsg.), Nicole Weiß (Mitarb.). Tagung "Frau macht Wissenschaft"; Königstein: Helmer (Aktuelle Frauenforschung), 2003, S. 53-66
Schlagwörter:Hochschulwesen; Chancengleichheit; Diskriminierung; Beruf; Wissenschaftlerin; Künstlerin; Musik
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Berufsbiographie und Karriere
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
Luise Berthold: Hochschulleben und Hochschulpolitik zwischen 1909 und 1957
Titelübersetzung:Luise Berthold: university life and university policy between 1909 and 1957
Autor/in:
Oertzen, Christine von
Quelle: Feministische Studien : Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Jg. 20 (2002) H. 1, S. 8-22
Inhalt: Am Beispiel der Altgermanistin Luise Berthold (1892-1983) untersucht die Autorin die wissenschaftliche Karriere einer Frau der ersten Generation von Hochschullehrerinnen in Deutschland. Bertholds Leben stellt in der deutschen Wissenschaftslandschaft des 20. Jahrhunderts eine einzigartige Erscheinung dar. Ihre Biografie, die hier in drei Schritten (1909-1923: Lehrjahre, 1933-1945: Unbehelligt durch die Nacht, 1945-1957: Wissenschaft und Hochschulpolitik) dargestellt wird, rückt all diejenigen Barrieren, Erschwernisse und Frustrationen in den Blick, die Hochschullehrerinnen jener Zeit erwarteten. Luise Berthold hat als eine der wenigen Weimarer Hochschullehrerinnen die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus überlebt, und sie hat nach 1945 die berufliche Zurücksetzung von Dozentinnen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland hochschulpolitisch thematisiert. Der Beitrag fragt abschließend, warum Berthold und ihre Mitstreiterinnen trotz zunehmender Politisierung für die Studentinnen und jungen Dozentinnen in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts keine attraktiven Vorbildfiguren zu sein vermochten. (ICH)
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Wissenschaftspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Teilzeit im Management von Organisationen : Firewalls für den Aufstieg von Frauen ins Topmanagement
Titelübersetzung:Part-time work in the management of organizations : firewalls for the advancement of women to top management
Autor/in:
Franke, Marion; Simöl, Inge
Quelle: FREI-Räume und FREI-Zeiten: Raum-Nutzung und Zeit-Verwendung im Geschlechterverhältnis. Caroline Kramer (Hrsg.). Tagung "FREI-Räume und FREI-Zeiten - Raumnutzung und Zeitverwendung im Geschlechterverhältnis"; Baden-Baden: Nomos Verl.-Ges. (Schriften des Heidelberger Instituts für Interdisziplinäre Frauenforschung (HIFI) e.V.), 2002, S. 165-178
Inhalt: Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Geschlecht in Organisationen unter der besonderen Berücksichtigung des vorprogrammierten Ausschlusses von Frauen aus dem Management. Die empirische Studie in neuen Organisationen zeigt, dass Teilzeit im Management ausschließlich ein Konzept für das Low-Management darstellt. Es verhindert geradezu den Aufstieg von Frauen in das Top-Management, da hohe Stereotypisierungen damit verbunden sind. De facto stellt Teilzeitarbeit eine ausschließlich weibliche Arbeitsform dar, während Vollzeitarbeit unverändert die klassisch männliche Arbeitsform bleibt - alle anderen Varianten bilden in der beobachteten Kommunikation über Arbeit die Ausnahme, was uneingeschränkt auch für die Managementebene gilt. Die vordergründige Rolle der Zeitpionierinnen "Frauen in Teilzeit" kehrt sich gegen sie, da sie indirekt doch den Mythos der Präsenzkultur im Management fördert. Erst dann, wenn die Flexibilisierung so weit geht, dass sie sich von der Zeitorientierung verabschiedet und eine Ergebnisorientierung im Sinne der o.g. Zielvereinbarungen entwickelt, steigen die Chancen von Frauen, in Führungspositionen zu gelangen. Die derzeitigen Modelle der Teilzeit im Management dienen eher als "firewalls" gegen das Eindringen von Frauen in die oberen Etagen der Hierarchie. (ICH)
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
"Gendered" styles of writing and the "inequality in assessment" hypothesis : an explanation for gender differentiation in first class achievement at university
Autor/in:
Earl-Novell, Sarah
Quelle: International journal of sociology and social policy, Vol. 21 (2001) H. 1/2, S. 160-172
Inhalt: "This paper focuses on the relative underachievement of First Class degrees by women
in the U.K. as compared to their male counterparts. This 'problem' is particularly
prevalent in History, Sociology and English, despite the predominance of women studying
both English and Sociology. Various hypotheses attempt to account for this gender
differentiation in First Class academic achievement but, for the purposes of this
paper, the validity of one hypothesis - the 'inequality in assessment' explanation
- will be tested. The hypothesis suggests that undergraduate writing is 'gendered'
and that male academic work tends to conform to a writing style characterised as bold,
confident and risk-taking whereas the female undergraduate writing style is argued
to be cautious and conscientious (McCrum 1994 and 1996, Martin 1997 and Sutherland
1997). The research involves the quantitative analysis of HESA data and the qualitative
analysis of eleven, in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with faculty employed
at Sussex University. My analysis of qualitative data indicates that academics perceive
that undergraduate writing is 'gendered' to a certain extent and that in 'argument-based'
subjects, for example, Sociology, History and English, it is the typically male style
of writing that is rewarded. It is evident also, that in 'fact-based' subjects, for
instance, Law and Economies, academics perceive that neither style of writing offers
an intrinsic advantage, hence what constitutes a First in the 'fact-based' disciplines
differs greatly from the argument-based ones. Analysis of HESA data similarly demonstrates
that for these disciplines there is no gender differentiation in the awarding of First
Classifications." (author's abstract)|
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|