Employment and education-occupation mismatches of immigrants and their children in the netherlands: comparisons with the native majority group
Autor/in:
Khoudja, Yassine
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 3, S 119-141
Inhalt: This study examines the labor market integration of immigrants and their children in the Netherlands focusing on employment and over- and underqualification. Using data from the first wave of the Netherlands Longitudinal Life-Course Study (NELLS), the analysis shows disadvantages in employment probabilities for men and women from different foreign origin groups compared to the Dutch majority even after accounting for differences in human capital. Ethnic differences in employment probabilities are lower, but still visible, when comparing only respondents who obtained post-secondary education in the Netherlands. Further, first-generation immigrant men from Turkey and Morocco are at higher risk of being overeducated than Dutch majority men whereas this is not the case for second generation men and first- and secondgeneration minority women. Substantial ethnic difference in the likelihood of being undereducated are not prevalent. Having a foreign compared to a Dutch degree is related to lower labor market outcomes, but this negative relation is more pronounced for women than for men. Finally, there is some indication that overeducation is somewhat less common in the public sector than in the private sector, but minorities do not benefit more from this than the Dutch majority.
Schlagwörter:Niederlande; Netherlands; Einwanderung; immigration; Migrant; migrant; Integration; integration; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Qualifikationsniveau; level of qualification; Überqualifikation; over qualification; öffentlicher Sektor; public sector; Ethnizität; ethnicity; Erwerbsarbeit; gainful work; Humankapital; human capital; Mann; man; woman; erste Generation; first generation; zweite Generation; second generation
Returns to human capital and the incorporation of highly-skilled workers in the public and private sector of major immigrant societies: an introduction
Autor/in:
Demireva, Neli; Fellini, Ivana
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 3, S 1-5
Inhalt: Across the major immigrant societies of the European Union, EU-15 countries, migrants and minorities still experience economic disadvantage. This failure of economic integration poses significant questions about the utilization of human capital, the management of mobility and the competitiveness of European labour markets (Cameron, 2011; OECD, 2017). Using a variety of datasets, this special issue pushes the debate forward in several ways. We will consider the integration outcomes of both migrants and second generation minority members in comparison to majority members. Labour market outcomes will be considered broadly: the probability of employment but also overqualification will be taken into account. Offering both analysis of single country cases and a cross-national comparison, the special issue will build a comprehensive picture of the factors associated with labour market disadvantage of migrant men and women, and their descendants - particularly, differential returns to foreign qualifications and educational credentials, differences between public and private sectors placements, and where possible the period of the economic crisis will be examined as well.
Incorporation of immigrants and second generations into the french labour market: changes between generations and the role of human capital and origins
Autor/in:
Brinbaum, Yaël
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 3, S 104-118
Inhalt: This article analyses the labour market incorporation of migrants and second-generation minorities in France. Using the 2013-2017 French Labour Surveys and the 2014 adhoc module, we focus on labour market outcomes -activity, employment, occupation and subjective overqualification- and measure the gaps between ethnic minorities and the majority group by origins, generation and by gender. In order to elucidate the mechanisms behind these gaps and explain ethnic disadvantages for immigrants, we take into account different factors, such as education, and factors linked to migration -duration of stay in France, language skills, foreign qualifications, nationality- with additional controls for family, socioeconomic and contextual characteristics. We also investigate the returns to higher education among second-generation minority members compared to the majority population. We show large differences by country of origins, generation and gender. Across generations, most minority members have made clear progress in terms of access to employment and skilled jobs, but ethnic penalties remain for the descendants of North-Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and Turkey. In contrast, Asian second-generation men and women encounter slight advantages in attaining highly-skilled positions. Controlling for tertiary degrees even increases the gap with majority members mostly in access to highly-skills jobs.
Schlagwörter:Einwanderung; immigration; Migrant; migrant; Minderheit; minority; Frankreich; France; Arbeitsmarkt; labor market; Humankapital; human capital; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Beschäftigung; employment; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Bildung; education; zweite Generation; second generation; Facharbeiter; skilled worker; Inklusion; inclusion
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Arbeitsmarktforschung, soziale Probleme
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 18 (2010) 5, S 489-496
Inhalt: Aim: This study aimed to describe perceptions and experiences related to access and utilization of health care services of African and Brazilian immigrant women in Portugal. Subjects and methods: Six focus groups were conducted with 35 African and Brazilian women with low income and living in Lisbon, chosen through purposive sampling. Content analysis was undertaken through identification of themes and categories. Results: African and Brazilian women expressed different perceptions and patterns of use of health care services. Most participants pointed out several barriers to access and utilization of services related to legal issues, economic constraints or health professionals' attitudes. Conclusion: These results highlight the challenges to providing health care within a multicultural setting and the need to assure the provision of integrated and comprehensive health care services. Improving access to general health care is essential in order to minimize disadvantages from vulnerable subgroups, like immigrant women. Supporting better integration into the health system may lead to improved health outcomes.
Schlagwörter:perception; Afrikaner; Gesundheit; discrimination; health care delivery system; Wahrnehmung; Gesundheitswesen; African; Erfahrung; Diskriminierung; Migrant; Benchmarking; sozioökonomische Faktoren; Einwanderung; attitude; benchmarking; migrant; Krankheit; socioeconomic factors; comparison; woman; Portugal; Portugal; sociocultural factors; soziokulturelle Faktoren; immigration; health; Vergleich; illness; Einstellung; experience; Immigrant women; Perceptions; Experiences; Access and utilization of health care services
Gendered strategies of social support and their inequality effects in the context of German-Ukrainian transnational space
Titelübersetzung:Geschlechtsspezifische Strategien der sozialen Unterstützung und ihre Ungleichheitseffekte im Kontext des deutsch-ukrainischen transnationalen Raumes
Autor/in:
Amelina, Anna
Quelle: Universität Bielefeld, Fak. für Soziologie, Centre on Migration, Citizenship and Development (COMCAD); Bielefeld (COMCAD Working Papers, 67), 2009. 42 S
Inhalt: Die Autorin bezieht sich in ihrer theoretischen Analyse auf alternative Konzepte, die die Entstehung und Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheiten innerhalb von globalen und transnationalen Kontexten in den Blick rücken. Sie diskutiert zum einen entwicklungssoziologische Ansätze und zum anderen weltgesellschaftliche Ansätze in Bezug auf die Mechanismen der Produktion globaler sozialer Ungleichheiten. Sie beleuchtet die Bedingungen der Herausbildung transnationaler sozialer Klassen, um die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen Migration und sozialer Ungleichheit zu verdeutlichen. Dabei geht es nicht nur darum, die Entstehung sozialer Ungleichheiten in Immigrationsländern aufzuzeigen, sondern die Kategorien von Ethnizität und Geschlecht als zentrale Prinzipien der Ungleichheitsproduktion in der Aufnahmegesellschaft den Mittelpunkt zu rücken. Die Autorin analysiert im empirischen Teil ihrer Studie die Zusammenhänge zwischen Migration, sozialer Unterstützung, Geschlechterbeziehungen und Ungleichheitsproduktion, indem sie sich kritisch mit den Unterstützungsstrategien für ukrainische Einwanderer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auseinandersetzt. (ICI)
Schlagwörter:Ukraine; Ukraine; Federal Republic of Germany; Einwanderung; immigration; soziale Unterstützung; social support; Strategie; strategy; Migrant; migrant; soziale Mobilität; social mobility; gender-specific factors; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; gender; Ethnizität; ethnicity; Migration; migration; woman
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Negotiating the transnationality of social control: stories of immigrant women in South Florida
Titelübersetzung:Das Verhandeln der Transnationalität sozialer Kontrolle: Geschichten von Einwanderinnen in Südflorida
Autor/in:
Cooper, Robin; Linstroth, J. P.; Chaitin, Julia
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 10 (2009) 3, 23 S
Inhalt: Aus historischer Sicht waren junge Frauen Objekte sozialer Kontrolle, und dies oft im Namen töchterlicher Ehre. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit einem bestimmten Phänomen dieser sozialen Kontrolle, wie es von Immigrantinnen der ersten und zweiten Generation aus Kuba und Haiti in Südflorida in den Vereinigten Staaten erlebt wird. Wir nähern uns dieser Thematik durch die Analyse der Lebensgeschichten von sechs Immigrantinnen dieser Länder. Die biografischen Studien dieser Immigrantinnen zeigen, wie soziale Kontrolle im Zusammenhang mit Transnationalismus durch Kontrollprozesse, Verinnerlichung von geschlechtsspezifischen Erwartungen und dominantem Diskurs operiert. Zudem wird dargelegt, wie soziale Kontrolle weiblichen Raum manipuliert und begrenzt und über Räume auf transnationale Weise von den Heimatländern zu den Gastgeberländern agiert.
Das zentrale Ergebnis der Studie ist, dass die Umsiedlung einer Familie in die Vereinigten Staaten, um politische, soziale oder ökonomische Freiheit zu erlangen, nicht zwangsläufig zur Befreiung aus der restriktiven sozialen Kontrolle der jungen Frauen aus solchen Immigrant/innenfamilien führt. Der "Transnationalismus der sozialen Kontrolle" wird daher als die hegemonische Domination von weiblichen Körpern und Verhaltensweisen durch die Mimesis von vergegenständlichten und erinnerten Räumen der Heimatländer in den Gastgebergesellschaften verstanden.
Inhalt: Historically, young women have been the object of social control, often in the name of filial honor. This article addresses a particular phenomenon of such social control as it is experienced by first- and second-generation female immigrants from Cuba and Haiti who are living in South Florida in the United States. This theme is explored by analyzing the life stories of six immigrants from these countries. The biographical stories of immigrant women reveal how social control operates in the context of transnationalism through controlling processes, internalization of gender expectations, and dominating discourse. It is also argued how social control manipulates and restricts female spaces and operates across spaces in a transnational manner from homelands to host nations. The main conclusion of the study is that a family's relocation to the United States for the purpose of political, social, or economic freedom does not necessarily result in liberation from restrictive social control for young women from such immigrant families. The "transnationality of social control" is therefore understood as the hegemonic domination of female bodies and behaviors through the mimesis of reified and remembered spaces of homelands in host societies.
Schlagwörter:Latin America; North America; first generation; erste Generation; Kuba; transnationale Beziehungen; Tochter; Biographie; Central America; Nordamerika; honor; Einwanderung; United States of America; gender; life career; migrant; Haiti; Weiblichkeit; Ehre; femininity; USA; daughter; oppression; woman; Entwicklungsland; Cuba; migration; Caribbean Region; soziale Kontrolle; Lateinamerika; transnational relations; Migration; Unterdrückung; Diskurs; discourse; Migrant; second generation; Haiti; Karibischer Raum; Familie; social control; Mittelamerika; family; Zuwanderung; Lebenslauf; biography; immigration; developing country; zweite Generation; social control; transnational; dominating discourse; controlling processes; women immigrants; honor and shame; transnational; dominanter Diskurs; Kontrollprozesse; Einwanderinnen; Ehre und Schande
The family in question: immigrant and ethnic minorities in multicultural Europe
Herausgeber/in:
Grillo, Ralph
Quelle: Amsterdam (IMISCoe Research), 2008. 312 S
Inhalt: In hoeverre allochtonen vrij zijn hun cultuur te uiten in de multiculturele samenleving staat bijna dagelijks ter discussie in de media en politiek. Vaak wordt vergeten dat ook migrantenfamilies zelf worstelen om hun tradities en gebruiken vorm te geven in een pluriforme samenleving waarin relaties met familie zeer complex kunnen zijn. In The Family Question worden migrantenfamilies in onder andere Nederland, Oostenrijk en Noorwegen onderzocht. Hieruit blijkt dat spelers op het vlak van beleidsvorming vaak toegeven aan populaire misverstanden over allochtonen en zo bijdragen aan de heersende xenofobie en stereotypering van immigranten.
Inhalt: The family lives of immigrants and ethnic minority populations have become central to arguments about the right and wrong ways of living in multicultural societies. While the characteristic cultural practices of such families have long been scrutinized by the media and policy makers, these groups themselves are beginning to reflect on how to manage their family relationships. Exploring case studies from Austria, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Australia, The Family in Question explores how those in public policy often dangerously reflect the popular imagination, rather than recognizing the complex changes taking place within the global immigrant community.
The migration-development nexus: observations from the second day of the conference ; paper summing up the second day of the conference on ‘Transnationalisation and Development(s): Towards a North-South Perspective’, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Bielefeld, Germany, May 31 - June 01, 2007
Titelübersetzung:Der Migrations-Entwicklungs-Nexus: Beobachtungen am zweiten Konferenztag
Autor/in:
Winter, Elke
Quelle: Universität Bielefeld, Fak. für Soziologie, Centre on Migration, Citizenship and Development (COMCAD); Bielefeld (COMCAD Working Papers, 31), 2007. 8 S
Inhalt: Am 31. Mai und 1. Juni 2007 fand im Bielefelder Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung (ZIF) die Konferenz "Transnationalisation and Development(s): Towards a North-South Perspective" statt. Die Tagung brachte deutsche und internationale Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus verschiedenen Fachrichtungen (Soziologie, Politikwissenschaft, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Ethnologie) zusammen. Ziel war es, auf dem Ansatz der Transnationalen Sozialen Räume aufzubauen, um Akkomodation im Rahmen von diskursiven, sozialräumlichen und institutionellen Grenzveränderungen zu analysieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag kommentiert die Beiträge des 2. Konferenztages, an dem es um soziokulturelle, konzeptionellen und diskursiven Aspekte des Migration-Entwicklung-Nexus ging. Darüber hinaus wurden politische Herausforderungen diskutiert. (ICD)
Inhalt: Contents: Introduction; 1) What/who constitutes a transnational network?; 2) The racialization/ethnicization of poverty and migration; 3) Community-based transnationalism versus the “universal” principles of
states and markets?; 4) Timing and the neoliberalization of the state; 5) Gender and the study of the hidden costs of (diverse forms of)
migration; 6) Dual citizenship and global justice; 7) Incorporating knowledge gains; 8) The “tip of the iceberg”: Global justice and environmental issues
Schlagwörter:Entwicklung; development; Entwicklungsförderung; promotion of development; Entwicklungshilfe; development aid; Entwicklungshilfepolitik; development aid policy; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Entwicklungsstrategie; development strategy; Entwicklungstheorie; development theory; Migration; migration; Migrant; migrant; Einwanderung; immigration