Reproduce or perish? : the artefact of the fertility ; concept and the French School of Demography
Titelübersetzung:Sich reproduzieren oder untergehen? : das Artefakt "Fertilität" und die "Französische Schule" der Demographie
Autor/in:
Bertaux, Sandrine
Quelle: Historical Social Research : the official journal of Quantum and Interquant ; an international journal for the application of formal methods to history, Vol. 36 (2011) No. 2, S. 120-139
Inhalt: "This article investigates the complicated and intertwined history between the scientific discipline of demography, the depopulation debate and the pronatalist lobby, and French republican policies from the late nineteenth century till the eve of the Second World War. The authoress suggests that central to this history is the concept and codification of fertility." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Frankreich; historische Analyse; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Demographie; 19. Jahrhundert; Zweiter Weltkrieg; Fruchtbarkeit; Konzeption; Faschismus; Einwanderung; Bevölkerungspolitik; Familienplanung; Malthus, Thomas Robert; Erster Weltkrieg; Bevölkerungsverluste; Rassismus; Nationalsozialismus; 20. Jahrhundert
Can child care policy encourage employment and fertility? : evidence from a structural model
Titelübersetzung:Kann die Kinderfürsorgepolitik Beschäftigung und Fertilität fördern?
Autor/in:
Haan, Peter; Wrohlich, Katharina
Quelle: Max-Planck-Institut für demografische Forschung; Rostock (MPIDR Working Paper, 2009-025), 2009. 30 S.
Inhalt: "In this paper we develop a structural model of female employment and fertility which accounts for intertemporal feedback effects between the two outcomes. We identify the effect of financial incentives on the employment and fertility decision by exploiting variation in the tax and transfer system which differs by employment state and number of children. To this end we simulate in detail the effects of the tax and transfer system including child care costs. The model provides estimates of structural preferences of women which can be used to study the effect of various policy reforms. In particular, we show that increasing child care subsidies conditional on employment increases labor supply of all women as well as fertility of the childless and highly educated women." (author's abstract)
Welfare state context, female earnings and childbearing
Titelübersetzung:Wohlfahrtsstaat, Frauenlöhne und Schwangerschaft
Autor/in:
Andersson, Gunnar; Kreyenfeld, Michaela; Mika, Tatjana
Quelle: Max-Planck-Institut für demografische Forschung; Rostock (MPIDR Working Paper, 2009-026), 2009. 34 S.
Inhalt: "This paper investigates the role of female earnings in childbearing decisions in two very different European contexts. By applying event history techniques to German and Danish register data during 1981-2001, we demonstrate how female earnings relate to first, second and third birth rates. Our study shows that female earnings are rather positively associated with fertility in Denmark, while the relationship is the opposite in West Germany. We interpret our findings based on our observation that Danish social policies tend to encourage Danish women to become established in the labor market before having children, while German policies during the 1980s and 1990s were not designed to encourage maternal employment." (author's abstract)
Germany: family diversity with low actual and desired fertility
Titelübersetzung:Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Familienvielfalt mit niedriger aktueller und erwünschter Fruchtbarkeit
Autor/in:
Dorbritz, Jürgen
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 19 (2008) , S. 557-598
Inhalt: "Germany is a low-fertility country with a rapidly ageing population, and will remain so for the foreseeable future. There are several reasons for this trend. Germany is among the countries with the highest rates of childlessness in the world, and childlessness has become widely accepted. This is illustrated by changes in living arrangements. A broad range of living arrangements has been added to the basic model of marriage with children; namely, single living, non-marital cohabitation, lone parenthood, patchwork families and living apart together. A culture of individualism has spread in Germany which forms the basis for widespread decisions against family formation. The desired number of children has become low and family policy is considered to be a failure in terms of its influence on fertility. German family policy has had a traditional orientation centred on monetary support to families and on the promotion of the male breadwinner model. Women have been largely forced to choose between family and work, and leave the labour market when a child is born. The still prevailing concept of family policy does not help to reduce the pressure to choose between work and family life, and thus makes it easier to decide not to have children, especially for highly educated women. A change in family policy is needed which will enable couples to choose between the breadwinner-housewife and the reconciliation model. Gradually, this change is starting to take place." (author's abstract)
"Demografischer Wandel" als soziales Problem? : feministische Perspektiven auf eine gesellschaftspolitische Debatte
Titelübersetzung:"Demographic change" as a social problem? : feminist perspectives of a social policy debate
Autor/in:
Dackweiler, Regina-Maria
Quelle: Gerechtigkeit, Geschlecht und demografischer Wandel. Annemarie Bauer (Hrsg.), Katharina Gröning (Hrsg.). Frankfurt am Main: Mabuse Verl., 2008, S. 219-240
Inhalt: Die Verfasserin setzt sich aus ideologiekritischer Perspektive mit geschlechterpolitischen Dimensionen und Implikationen der sozialen Konstruktion demographischen Wandels auseinander. Ausgehend vom medial inszenierten "Drama der kinderlosen weiblichen Elite" macht sie die pronatalistisch-nationalistische Einfärbung des Diskurses um einen Geburtenrückgang sichtbar. In einem zweiten Schritt wird der in der Diskussion durchgängig gebrauchte demografische Begriff des "Fertilitätsverhaltens" kritisch auf seine Erkenntnisreichweite für eine sozialwissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit der gesellschaftlich organisierten Generativität hinterfragt. Ein dritter Schritt untersucht sodann die Entscheidung, Kinder zu haben, als eingelassen in ein Bündel von subjektiven Handlungsmotiven und -orientierungen einerseits und institutionalisierten Handlungsbedingungen andererseits. Die Untersuchung zeigt insgesamt, dass erst eine Analyse der historisch gewachsenen, vielschichtigen Handlungskontexte von Individuen und Paaren als politisch zu gestaltende Handlungsbedingungen es ermöglicht, die Um- und Neugestaltung dieser Kontexte hinsichtlich der Entwicklung von "Kinderwunsch" und dessen Realisierung zu projektieren. (ICE2)