Wandel akademischer Bildung und geschlechtsspezifische Bildungsbeteiligung
Titelübersetzung:Change in academic training and gender-related participation in education
Autor/in:
Reisz, Robert D.; Schuster, Robert; Stock, Manfred
Quelle: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Sonderheft, (2012) H. 52, S. 393-414
Inhalt: "Im Beitrag werden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Wandel akademischer Bildung, das heißt dem Wandel der Fächerstruktur, und der Beteiligung der Geschlechter an der Hochschulbildung untersucht. Komparative Studien zeigen, dass der Anteil der Frauen unter den Studierenden der Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften in den entwickelten westlichen Ländern kleiner ist als in jenen Ländern, die als weniger entwickelt und als weniger demokratisch gelten. Gemessen an den üblichen Kriterien der Modernisierung ist diese Konstellation paradox. Sie wird im Beitrag anhand eines Vergleiches zwischen der DDR und der BRD näher beleuchtet. In beiden deutschen Staaten herrschten unterschiedliche Reglements des Hochschulzugangs: Im Staatssozialismus wurden die Studienplätze für die einzelnen Fächer quotiert, unter demokratischen Verhältnissen war dies nicht oder nur in sehr engen Grenzen möglich. Diese Differenz geht mit unterschiedlichen Zusammenhängen zwischen dem Wandel der Fächerstruktur und dem Wandel der Bildungsbeteiligung von Frauen im Hochschulbereich einher: In der BRD führte ein wachsender Anteil von Frauen unter den Studierenden zu wachsenden Anteilen von Fächern, die vor allem Frauen wählen. In der DDR beeinflusste hingegen umgekehrt die Entwicklung des relativen Anteils der Fächer die Geschlechterzusammensetzung der Studierenden. Die im Vergleich zur BRD höhere Quote der Frauen in den Ingenieurwissenschaften der DDR wird vor diesem Hintergrund erklärt. Auf eine geringere Ausprägung sozialer Geschlechterstereotype ist sie nicht zurückzuführen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The article investigates the relationship between changing student numbers in study programs and gender participation in higher education. So far comparative studies have shown that the proportion of female students in natural sciences and engineering is lower in developed Western democracies than in less developed and less democratic countries. With regard to commonly accepted aspects of modernization this seems paradox. Based on a comparison between the former German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany the authors argue that this has to do with a specific regulation of access that is easier to pursue in non-democratic educational systems. Different to the access model in the Federal Republic which focused on individual student choice, the state socialist model implemented quotas for individual degree programs. While in the FRG a growing number of female students led to a growth in degree programs that are typically chosen by women, the GDR quota system restricted female study choice to the available degree programs. This led to the relatively high proportion of female engineering students in the GDR. However, this cannot be attributed to a lower validity of gender stereotypes in the GDR." (author's abstract)
Akademische Bildung und die Unterscheidung von Breiten- und Elitebildung : Elitebildungsprogramme deutscher Hochschulen
Titelübersetzung:Academic education and the distinction between broad-based education and elite education : elite education programs of German universities
Autor/in:
Stock, Manfred
Quelle: Soziale Welt : Zeitschrift für sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung und Praxis, Jg. 62 (2011) H. 2, S. 129-142
Inhalt: Bis zum zweiten Weltkrieg galt akademische Bildung in Deutschland als Elitebildung. Danach wandelte sich ihr Charakter. Im Zuge der Hochschulexpansion wurde sie zur Breitenbildung. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Entwicklung sind die in Deutschland seit Ende der 1990er Jahre zu registrierenden Bemühungen zu sehen, die Unterscheidung zwischen einer 'Elite' - und einer damit gleichsam 'gewöhnlichen' Bildung in die akademische Bildung selbst einzuführen. Im Beitrag wird dies vor allem am Beispiel so genannter 'Elitestudiengänge' und so genannter 'Intensivstudiengänge' untersucht. Es wird den Bildungsvorstellungen nachgegangen, die diese Programme implizieren. (HoF/Autorreferat)
University or polytechnic? : the effects of family background on the choice of higher education institution
Titelübersetzung:Universität oder Fachhochschule? : Herkunftseffekte bei der Wahl des Hochschultypus
Autor/in:
Denzler, Stefan
Quelle: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Vol. 37 (2011) Iss. 1, S. 79-97
Inhalt: "Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Studienwahl von Gymnasiumsabsolventen, genauer gesagt mit ihrer Absicht, ein Hochschulstudium an einer universitären Hochschule oder an einer Fachhochschule zu beginnen. Die Frage ist, ob Studienentscheide am Ende des Gymnasiums durch die sozioökonomische Herkunft bedingt ist. Die Analysen, basierend auf einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von 1.454 Maturanden aus der Deutschschweiz, weisen eine durch Geschlecht und sozioökonomische Herkunft bedingte systematische Selbstselektion in die verschiedenen Hochschultypen nach. Studierende mit nicht-akademisch gebildeten Vätern haben eine signifikant geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit, an einer Universität zu studieren." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This paper deals with the educational choice of high-school graduates, more precisely with their intention to enter higher education studies either at traditional academic universities or at polytechnics (Fachhochschule/ Haute école spécialisée). The question is whether educational choice at the end of high school is determined by socio-economic origin. The analyses, based on a representative sample of 1.454 high-school graduates from the German speaking part of Switzerland, indicate that there is a systematic self-selection into the different types of tertiary institutions, affected by gender and socio-economic background. Students with non-university graduate fathers have a significantly lower probability to study at a university." (author's abstract)
Children's experiences of family disruption in Sweden : differentials by parent education over three decades
Titelübersetzung:Lebensumstände von Kindern bei Trennungen in Schweden : Unterschiede durch Elternbildung über drei Jahrzehnte
Autor/in:
Kennedy, Sheela; Thomson, Elizabeth
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 23 (2010) , S. 479-508
Inhalt: "This paper examines the living arrangements of Swedish children from 1970 through 1999 using the Level of Living Survey. Sweden, with low levels of economic inequality and a generous welfare state, provides an important context for studying socioeconomic differentials in family structure. The authors find that, although differences by parent education in non-marital childbearing are substantial and persistent, cohabiting childbearing is common even among highly educated Swedish parents. Educational differences in family instability were small during the 1970s, but increased over time as a result of rising union disruption among less-educated parents (secondary graduates or less). Children in more advantaged families experienced substantially less change in family structure and instability over the study period. Although cohabiting parents were more likely to separate than parents married at the child's birth, differences were greater for the less-educated. Data limitations precluded investigating these differences across time. They conclude that educational differences in children's living arrangements in Sweden have grown, but remain small in international comparisons." (author's abstract)
Higher education entry of Turkish immigrant youth in Germany
Titelübersetzung:Türkische Studienanfänger in Deutschland
Autor/in:
Kristen, Cornelia; Reimer, David; Kogan, Irena
Quelle: International journal of comparative sociology, Vol. 49 (2008) No. 2/3, S. 127-151
Inhalt: "Drawing on three large datasets from the German Higher Education Information System Institute (HIS) from 1990, 1994 and 1999, the study reveals that Turkish youth are considerably more likely than Germans to enter tertiary education. This result sharply contrasts with findings on the Turks' poor performance in primary and secondary school. The higher propensity for tertiary education among Turks can, to some degree, be explained by their lack of familiarity with the German system of dual vocational training and their educational motivation. Another important finding is that among those who enter higher education students of Turkish origin choose, more often than Germans, academically oriented universities rather than the lower-tier applied science universities. This is mainly due to the selection of more traditional fields offered at universities by Turkish young adults. Our results indicate that the educational decisions of these students after the Abitur by no means contribute to the established pattern of ethnic disadvantages in educational attainment in Germany." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Migration und Migrantinnen
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Promotion of interdisciplinarity competence as a challenge for higher education
Titelübersetzung:Förderung interdisziplinärer Kompetenz als eine Aufgabe der Hochschulbildung
Autor/in:
Godemann, Jasmin
Quelle: Journal of social science education, (2006) No. 4, S. 51-61
Inhalt: "Interdisciplinary co-operation, no matter whether in research or in teaching, makes high demands on all participating players. To reach a shared understanding is the main goal and, at the same time, the major challenge. In interdisciplinary work contexts, experts with different qualities, varying knowledge bases and disciplinary perspectives come together. The extent to which an understanding is possible depends on the ability to exchange knowledge in such a way that it becomes part of a common knowledge base, as well as on one's own perception of the problem. Therefore, all persons involved must be aware of being both expert and layperson at the same time. Furthermore, they need to accept the perspective of all those who are foreign to their subject during the communication process. The ability to work and to communicate in an interdisciplinary context does not arise all by itself but may be promoted during the academic education. The dimension of knowledge integration will be described in the following, with recourse to psychological research about expert-layperson communication and regarding assumptions about the adoption of perspectives. This paper shows that interdisciplinary competency and the ability to solve complex problems can be promoted at universities. This is illustrated by the case study of the 'Sustainability Study Programme'." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Women's studies international forum, Vol. 28 (2005) No. 2-3, S. 127-138
Inhalt: "Higher education in the UK has undergone profound and rapid change in the past 20 years. Policy initiatives aimed at the sector have led to research investigating impacts upon the participation and exclusion of potential student groups. In addition, employment conditions for academic staff have come under scrutiny. This article investigates the ambiguous position of the academic from a working class background, particularly in light of these policy changes. It makes use of Bourdieu's conceptual schema to understand the multi-dimensional nature of class position and corresponding mental structures. Techniques of external audit and self-surveillance are also investigated in relation to their differential impact upon groups of academic staff. Finally, a plea is made for more detailed empirical work which places class at the centre of the analysis in UK higher education." (author's abstract)