Does Bologna really matter? : zum studentischen Verständnis von Bildung in den Sozialwissenschaften
Titelübersetzung:Does Bologna really matter? : students' concept of education in the social sciences
Autor/in:
Müller, Jennifer Ch.
Quelle: Soziologie im Dialog: kritische Denkanstöße von Nachwuchswissenschaftler_innen. Julia Gruhlich (Hrsg.), Lena Weber (Hrsg.), Kristina Binner (Hrsg.), Maria Dammayr (Hrsg.). Berlin: Lit Verl. (Soziologie), 2012, S. 217-234
Inhalt: "Veränderte Rahmenbedingungen in der Wissenschaft diskutiert die Autorin mit Blick auf die Bologna-Reformen und dem Bildungsverständnis von Studierenden der Sozialwissenschaften. Mit Rückgriff auf eigene empirische Forschungen zu studentischen Bildungsvorstellungen stellt sie fest, dass diese einen auf Reflektions- und Mündigkeitserfahrungen basierenden Bildungsbegriff vertreten. Ihre Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich sowohl Bachelorstudierende als auch Magister- und Diplomstudierende darin nicht unterscheiden." (Textauszug)
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Studium und Studierende
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
Wandel akademischer Bildung und geschlechtsspezifische Bildungsbeteiligung
Titelübersetzung:Change in academic training and gender-related participation in education
Autor/in:
Reisz, Robert D.; Schuster, Robert; Stock, Manfred
Quelle: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Sonderheft, (2012) H. 52, S. 393-414
Inhalt: "Im Beitrag werden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Wandel akademischer Bildung, das heißt dem Wandel der Fächerstruktur, und der Beteiligung der Geschlechter an der Hochschulbildung untersucht. Komparative Studien zeigen, dass der Anteil der Frauen unter den Studierenden der Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften in den entwickelten westlichen Ländern kleiner ist als in jenen Ländern, die als weniger entwickelt und als weniger demokratisch gelten. Gemessen an den üblichen Kriterien der Modernisierung ist diese Konstellation paradox. Sie wird im Beitrag anhand eines Vergleiches zwischen der DDR und der BRD näher beleuchtet. In beiden deutschen Staaten herrschten unterschiedliche Reglements des Hochschulzugangs: Im Staatssozialismus wurden die Studienplätze für die einzelnen Fächer quotiert, unter demokratischen Verhältnissen war dies nicht oder nur in sehr engen Grenzen möglich. Diese Differenz geht mit unterschiedlichen Zusammenhängen zwischen dem Wandel der Fächerstruktur und dem Wandel der Bildungsbeteiligung von Frauen im Hochschulbereich einher: In der BRD führte ein wachsender Anteil von Frauen unter den Studierenden zu wachsenden Anteilen von Fächern, die vor allem Frauen wählen. In der DDR beeinflusste hingegen umgekehrt die Entwicklung des relativen Anteils der Fächer die Geschlechterzusammensetzung der Studierenden. Die im Vergleich zur BRD höhere Quote der Frauen in den Ingenieurwissenschaften der DDR wird vor diesem Hintergrund erklärt. Auf eine geringere Ausprägung sozialer Geschlechterstereotype ist sie nicht zurückzuführen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The article investigates the relationship between changing student numbers in study programs and gender participation in higher education. So far comparative studies have shown that the proportion of female students in natural sciences and engineering is lower in developed Western democracies than in less developed and less democratic countries. With regard to commonly accepted aspects of modernization this seems paradox. Based on a comparison between the former German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany the authors argue that this has to do with a specific regulation of access that is easier to pursue in non-democratic educational systems. Different to the access model in the Federal Republic which focused on individual student choice, the state socialist model implemented quotas for individual degree programs. While in the FRG a growing number of female students led to a growth in degree programs that are typically chosen by women, the GDR quota system restricted female study choice to the available degree programs. This led to the relatively high proportion of female engineering students in the GDR. However, this cannot be attributed to a lower validity of gender stereotypes in the GDR." (author's abstract)
University or polytechnic? : the effects of family background on the choice of higher education institution
Titelübersetzung:Universität oder Fachhochschule? : Herkunftseffekte bei der Wahl des Hochschultypus
Autor/in:
Denzler, Stefan
Quelle: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Vol. 37 (2011) Iss. 1, S. 79-97
Inhalt: "Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Studienwahl von Gymnasiumsabsolventen, genauer gesagt mit ihrer Absicht, ein Hochschulstudium an einer universitären Hochschule oder an einer Fachhochschule zu beginnen. Die Frage ist, ob Studienentscheide am Ende des Gymnasiums durch die sozioökonomische Herkunft bedingt ist. Die Analysen, basierend auf einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von 1.454 Maturanden aus der Deutschschweiz, weisen eine durch Geschlecht und sozioökonomische Herkunft bedingte systematische Selbstselektion in die verschiedenen Hochschultypen nach. Studierende mit nicht-akademisch gebildeten Vätern haben eine signifikant geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit, an einer Universität zu studieren." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This paper deals with the educational choice of high-school graduates, more precisely with their intention to enter higher education studies either at traditional academic universities or at polytechnics (Fachhochschule/ Haute école spécialisée). The question is whether educational choice at the end of high school is determined by socio-economic origin. The analyses, based on a representative sample of 1.454 high-school graduates from the German speaking part of Switzerland, indicate that there is a systematic self-selection into the different types of tertiary institutions, affected by gender and socio-economic background. Students with non-university graduate fathers have a significantly lower probability to study at a university." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Women in higher education in Poland : the hidden face of the process of feminisation
Autor/in:
Portet, Stéphane
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/03), 2001. 40 S.
Inhalt: "During the last decade the Polish higher education has undergone a great transformation. The law on higher education voted in 1990, just after the systemic changes, is still ruling the system today. This law was the base of the development of private higher education and of the increasing autonomy of the state system. The most important facts concerning this period are: the increase of the number of students, marketisation, and the creation of new diplomas corresponding to European norms. Poland has 1.431.900 students, 56.9% are women (year 1999, source: GUS 2000). The number of students has increased by 455% since 1990. This increase has been accompanied by the development of the private sector. A third of students are registered in such schools, mostly in Finance, Banking and Management and Law. There are 174 private higher education institutions out of a total of 287 (among them fifteen universities). For 1999, the number of students registered in the first year in private institutions is almost equal to the number in state institutions. A great part of the increase in the number of students is due to the development of evening, extramural, external and week-end courses. This could be considered a particularity of the Polish system. Students enrolled in daily courses represent only 46% of the total. These kind of daily studies are the only ones to be free of charges. A great deal of students registered in private higher education institutions come from the lower social classes and rural areas. The Polish system is divided into universities and professional higher education institutions. Since 1997, professional high education institutions propose two stage-degrees: a bachelor degree (three years, 'licencjat', or four years 'Engineer') and a master's degree. This seems to better correspond to the needs of the economy towards intermediate management and at the same in accordance with the European model. A new law which is still in debate proposes to extend this system to the universities. This reform raises a debate about what constitutes Higher Education. The main issues are the problem of the quality of studies, the financial autonomy of higher education institutions, the level of scientific activities and the management of academic staff's careers. Concerning the academic staff the Polish system appears to be really hierarchical with many types of appointments. It is facing a difficult financial situation which forced most of academics to find supplementary job. In the last period, the academic staff has become more and more feminised, even if at the top positions men are still the majority. But such a feminisation appears at a time where academic appointments are less and less interesting in comparison to the opportunities offered by the private sector. Which is the reason why one could say that women are 'winners among losers'." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Polen; Hochschulwesen; Wissenschaftlerin; Bildungswesen; Studentin; Hochschulbildung; Hochschullehrerin; postsozialistisches Land
Higher education in Sweden : between 'rolling reforms' and stable patterns
Autor/in:
Schenk, Anett
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/02), 2001. 62 S.
Inhalt: "Both gender equality and education policy are important priorities on the political agenda in Europe. The Research and Training Network 'Women in European Universities' focuses on higher education and women's career-perspectives in systems of higher education of seven European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). The main focus of the project is to explore the 'glass-ceiling' that women meet when they chose a career in academia and strive for top rank positions such as professorships. As a first step in our research, it is important to understand the different systems of higher education, as well as recent changes and challenges to women in academia. This contextual analysis is one result of the first phase of the research project and shall provide information about the Swedish system of higher education. The Swedish system of higher education underwent fundamental changes in both organisational form and ideological practice during the last thirty years. Especially the three reforms in the 90's gave the higher education system in Sweden a new face: They gave more weight to management structures, fixed-term contracts and focused more on an Anglo-American model of higher education than on the 'old' Humboldtian model. The reforms brought important changes for the Swedish system of higher education, but certain patterns remain untouched. One can still find the 'hidden binary system' within university colleges representing institutions to undergraduate education and universities that offer post-graduate education and research. And to a certain extent, this builds the ground for the remaining persistence of sex-specific divisions in both fields of study and different posts on the academic career ladder." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Schweden; Hochschullehrerin; Hochschulwesen; Reform; Hochschulbildung; Frauenförderung; Studentin; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen, Statistik und statistische Daten
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 00/07), 2000. 54 S.
Inhalt: "The most significant changes in the Spanish 'Higher Education' (HE)-sector within the last 20 years are the granting of autonomy to the universities, the transfer from state competencies to the autonomous regions, the enormous in-takes of students and the founding of many public and private universities. The impacts these changes had and still have on women are numerous. The foundation of universities in all regions facilitated their access to HE-institutions. Nowadays more than half of the students are female. Nevertheless, their distribution according to field is still uneven, for example only a few study technical subjects. Due to the increase of the number of students, more lecturers have been required. Because of this demand many women were able to fill this need and became university teachers. Even though the current women's share of university staff is only slightly less than those of all female employees, only a minority occupy posts in the highest level of the hierarchy, that of university professors. The reasons for this underrepresentation have not been sufficiently investigated. They are certainly connected with the severe problem of endogamy in the hiring of university staff. In this respect it is remarkable that women tend to have better chances to occupy the highest position in the bigger and the newer universities. However, due to the often higher working load at the latter and their often worse reputation, we cannot assume that these institutions are automatically 'women friendlier'. A profound analysis of the reasons for the underrepresentation could serve as a basis for the introduction of equal opportunity measures. However, from my point of view the granting of university autonomy and decentralization make this unlikely. In addition, an even further decentralization is planned and also the observable shift towards the market could be disadvantageous in this respect." (author's abstract)
The scientific education of girls : education beyond reproach?
Herausgeber/in:
Clair, Renée; Commission Nationale Francaise pour l'UNESCO
Quelle: Commission Nationale Francaise pour l'UNESCO; London: Kingsley, 1995. XV, 214 S.
Inhalt: This collection of international work about the education of women in the sciences was prepared by the French National Commission in anticipation of the Fourth World Conference on Women. The theme chosen to concentrate on was the access young women are allowed to education and research in the field of the exact sciences, with particular emphasis on mathematics. This work is organized around three themes: inequality, understanding, and strategies for change. The essays in the section about inequality approach the topic of the education of women in the sciences from an international and statistical perspective. The ideas in the section about understanding reflects the notion that better understanding helps fight inequality. Some of the topics in this section include girls and new information technology, coeducational classrooms as an unfinished process, and the interaction of teachers and students in mathematics classes. In examining possible strategies for change, the last section looks at the difficulty of changing social behavior and describes some examples of strategies in use by developing and developed countries.