Against the Grain? Assessing Graduate Labour Market Trends in Germany Through a Task-Based Indicator of Graduate Jobs
Autor/in:
Henseke, Golo
Quelle: Social Indicators Research, 141 (2019) 2, S 809-840
Inhalt: Applying work by Green and Henseke (in IZA J Labor Policy 5(1):14, 2016a), this study examines changes in the German graduate labour market in the twenty-first century. To do so, it deploys a new statistically derived indicator of graduate jobs, based on job skill requirements obtained from worker-reported task data in the German Employment Surveys 2006 and 2012. As in previous work, the resulting classifier explains differences in graduate labour market outcomes better than existing methods and can be applied in a range of contexts where intelligence on graduate destinations is desired. It is supplied in the appendix of this study. Despite the expansion of higher educational attainment between 1999 and 2012, my analysis indicates a rising excess demand for graduate labour. Following key findings emerge: Graduate skills are required beyond the narrow range of professions. Work tasks associated with cognitive skills use are key determinants of higher education requirements on the job. The proportion of graduates in the age bracket 25-34 has risen among men from 14.7 to 18.9% and from 13.3 to 22.5% among women between 1999 and 2012. Young women have become the group with greatest level of higher education in the labour market. The growing supply of graduate labour in the age bracket 25-34 was surpassed by the expansion of employment in graduate jobs. The employment share of graduate jobs shifted by 17 percentage points to almost 30% among young women and by 11 percentage points to 28% among young men. Among young female graduates, the incidence of underemployment fell to 22% between 1999 and 2012; roughly comparable to the level among males at the same ages. Prime aged female graduates, however, experience above average rates of underemployment. A sharp rise of the pay premium associated with higher education among men contrasts with stagnating wage differentials among women. The pay penalty associated with underemployment has not changed statistically significantly.
Schlagwörter:Federal Republic of Germany; Arbeitsmarkt; labor market; Akademikerberuf; academic career; Qualifikationsanforderungen; qualification requirements; Indikator; indicator; Arbeitskräftenachfrage; labor demand; Absolvent; graduate; university; gender-specific factors; Unterbeschäftigung; underemployment; Lohnunterschied; wage difference; graduate jobs; wage dispersion; BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey (1998/1999, 2005/2006 and 2011/2012); National Educational Panel Study (NEPS); German sample of the EU Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) 1999-2013
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich
To whom it may concern? Gründungsförderung und Gleichstellung an Schweizer Fachhochschulen
Titelübersetzung:To whom it may concern? Spin-off promotion and gender equality at Swiss universities of applied sciences
Autor/in:
Liebig, Brigitte; Schneider, Noemi
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 11 (2019) 3, S 100-115
Inhalt: Im Zuge der Reformen des Hochschulwesens gewinnt die Förderung von wissenschaftsbasierten Gründungen an Bedeutung. Erste Erhebungen zur Schweiz zeigen jedoch, dass Akademikerinnen deutlich seltener ausgründen als Akademiker. Das als "Leaky Pipeline" bezeichnete Phänomen ist auch im Bereich von Gründungsaktivitäten an Schweizer Fachhochschulen deutlich erkennbar. Anschließend an Perspektiven der Gender- und Hochschulforschung beleuchtet der Beitrag zentrale Voraussetzungen für Gründungsaktivitäten von Frauen an Schweizer Fachhochschulen. Empirische Grundlage bilden eine schriftliche Umfrage aus den Jahren 2017/18 an öffentlich-rechtlichen Fachhochschulen der Schweiz sowie Interviews mit Gleichstellungsbeauftragten und Gründungszentren dieser Hochschulen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen nicht nur, dass Wissenschaftlerinnen kaum als Zielgruppen der Gründungsförderung an Fachhochschulen erkannt werden, sondern dass auch kaum spezifische Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für Frauen existieren. Dabei ist das Bewusstsein für den Gender Gap im Bereich Gründen bis jetzt gering - dies gilt gleichermaßen für Gründungsverantwortliche wie für Gleichstellungs- und Diversitätsbeauftragte der Hochschulen.
Higher Education in Switzerland: Predictors of Becoming Engaged in Higher Vocational or Higher Academic Education - The Role of Workplace Factors
Autor/in:
Nägele, Christof; Neuenschwander, Markus P.; Rodcharoen, Patsawee
Quelle: International journal for research in vocational education and training, 5 (2018) 4, S 264-284
Inhalt: Context: Vocational education and training enables young people to quickly and effectively enter the labour market. To advance their careers and to develop their professional expertise even more, they must then further their education through higher vocational or higher academic education. In this study, we looked at young people at work: What motivates them to move on towards higher education? As they are engaged in their jobs, their work situations will affect their further educational engagement. We hypothesised that individuals will more likely move towards higher education if their workplaces offer learning opportunities and social support. Human capacities, attitudes, and goals at work develop mainly in informal or non-formal learning situations and in their interactions with their teams. We tested the effect of these workplace factors by taking into account additional important predictors of educational pathways, such as sociodemographic factors (social background, nationality, gender) and motivational factors (values). Methods: Data stemmed from a multi-cohort longitudinal survey on educational decisions and educational pathways in the German part of Switzerland (BEN), running from 2012 to 2016. The selected sample consisted of 601 working individuals who were not engaged in higher education in 2014. Multinomial logistic regressions were run to test the hypothesis. Findings: First, we found that only 35% of the individuals who wanted to become engaged in higher vocational education in 2012 became engaged up to 2016 compared with those intending to become involved in higher academic education, where the rate varied by age - from younger to older - between 45% and 70%. Second, we found distinctive predictors for becoming engaged in higher vocational or academic education. Workplace factors predict engagement in higher vocational education but not sociodemographic factors, whereas sociodemographic and not workplace factors predict engagement in higher academic education. A significant predictor for both groups is the value attributed to higher education. Conclusions: The unique contribution of this paper is to show that distinct patterns of becoming engaged in higher vocational or higher academic education exist. These results confirmed the persistent effect of sociodemographic factors that shape the pathway to higher academic education. Moreover, the results indicated that an individual’s value and workplace factors contribute to enabling paths to higher vocational education, as this depends not on sociodemographic factors but on shaping the work environment that supports learning at work.
Schlagwörter:Hochschulbildung; university level of education; Berufsbildung; vocational education; berufliche Weiterbildung; advanced vocational education; Bildungsmotivation; educational motivation; Lernkultur; learning culture; Bildungsverlauf; course of education; soziale Faktoren; social factors; demographische Faktoren; demographic factors; Bildungschance; educational opportunity; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; deutschsprachige Schweiz; German-speaking Switzerland; VET; Vocational Education and Training; Lifelong Career; Professional Development
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungswesen quartärer Bereich, Berufsbildung, Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich
Higher Education in Switzerland: Predictors of Becoming Engaged in Higher Vocational or Higher Academic Education - The Role of Workplace Factors
Autor/in:
Nägele, Christof; Neuenschwander, Markus P.; Rodcharoen, Patsawee
Quelle: International journal for research in vocational education and training, 5 (2018) 4, S 264-284
Inhalt: Context: Vocational education and training enables young people to quickly and effectively enter the labour market. To advance their careers and to develop their professional expertise even more, they must then further their education through higher vocational or higher academic education. In this study, we looked at young people at work: What motivates them to move on towards higher education? As they are engaged in their jobs, their work situations will affect their further educational engagement. We hypothesised that individuals will more likely move towards higher education if their workplaces offer learning opportunities and social support. Human capacities, attitudes, and goals at work develop mainly in informal or non-formal learning situations and in their interactions with their teams. We tested the effect of these workplace factors by taking into account additional important predictors of educational pathways, such as sociodemographic factors (social background, nationality, gender) and motivational factors (values). Methods: Data stemmed from a multi-cohort longitudinal survey on educational decisions and educational pathways in the German part of Switzerland (BEN), running from 2012 to 2016. The selected sample consisted of 601 working individuals who were not engaged in higher education in 2014. Multinomial logistic regressions were run to test the hypothesis. Findings: First, we found that only 35% of the individuals who wanted to become engaged in higher vocational education in 2012 became engaged up to 2016 compared with those intending to become involved in higher academic education, where the rate varied by age - from younger to older - between 45% and 70%. Second, we found distinctive predictors for becoming engaged in higher vocational or academic education. Workplace factors predict engagement in higher vocational education but not sociodemographic factors, whereas sociodemographic and not workplace factors predict engagement in higher academic education. A significant predictor for both groups is the value attributed to higher education. Conclusions: The unique contribution of this paper is to show that distinct patterns of becoming engaged in higher vocational or higher academic education exist. These results confirmed the persistent effect of sociodemographic factors that shape the pathway to higher academic education. Moreover, the results indicated that an individual’s value and workplace factors contribute to enabling paths to higher vocational education, as this depends not on sociodemographic factors but on shaping the work environment that supports learning at work.
Schlagwörter:Hochschulbildung; university level of education; Berufsbildung; vocational education; berufliche Weiterbildung; advanced vocational education; Bildungsmotivation; educational motivation; Lernkultur; learning culture; Bildungsverlauf; course of education; soziale Faktoren; social factors; demographische Faktoren; demographic factors; Bildungschance; educational opportunity; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; deutschsprachige Schweiz; German-speaking Switzerland; VET; Vocational Education and Training; Lifelong Career; Professional Development
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungswesen quartärer Bereich, Berufsbildung, Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich
Quelle: Journal of ASEAN Studies, 6 (2018) 2, S 117-136
Inhalt: Regional integration in ASEAN, within the framework of ASEAN Community has three pillars. ASEAN Socio-Culture Community as one of the pillars brought the vision of equality of access toward education aligned with the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals. Specifically, integration higher education is institutionally spearheaded by the ASEAN University Network (AUN) established in 1995, which currently is still the only legitimate HEI’s platform under the ASEAN Secretariat. This paper discusses the question on the exclusivity of AUN membership that had created the narratives of doubt among the non-member universities of AUN. The research is conducted with the qualitative methods in triangulation design based on the primary data taken from in-depth interview and structured focus group discussion (FGD), supplemented by the desk study on current research on the area of regional integration and higher education management. The result presented the positive view on the question posed in the research. AUN is adapting to change, with several universities are now holding the status of associate membership. AUN also stated that they are under the preparation of making scheme and procedure of new membership application. As a unique space of integration in ASEAN, AUN is continuously adjusting to accommodate the needs of the greater audience.
Schlagwörter:regionale Integration; Südostasien; Management; Chancengleichheit; educational policy; Hochschulbildung; ASEAN; university; regional integration; ASEAN; management; Southeast Asia; equal opportunity; Bildungspolitik; university level of education; ASEAN University Network; inclusive
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich, Makroebene des Bildungswesens
Wie deuten Wissenschaftlerinnen im Maschinenbau ihren Erfolg?
Titelübersetzung:How Do Female Academics Interpret Their Success?
Autor/in:
Barlösius, Eva; Fisser, Grit
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 18 (2017) 1
Inhalt: Frauen, die ein Studium des Maschinenbaus beginnen, haben größere Chancen auf eine erfolgreiche akademische Karriere als in anderen Fächern. In diesem Artikel fragen wir, wie Maschinenbauerinnen ihren Erfolg selbst deuten. Die Rekonstruktion der Selbstdeutungen konzentriert sich auf "interne biographische Regulierungsmechanismen" (GIEGEL 1988). Das empirische Material besteht aus drei qualitativen Primärerhebungen mit Professorinnen, Doktorandinnen und Studentinnen des Maschinenbaus, mit denen narrative oder problemzentrierte Interviews geführt wurden. Diese drei Erhebungen wurden sekundäranalytisch mit der Methode des thematischen Kodierens ausgewertet. Die Analyse der Selbstdeutungen offenbart ein hohes Maß an Übereinstimmungen zwischen den drei Gruppen. Eine Gemeinsamkeit ergibt aus der familialen Erziehung, in der Wert darauf gelegt wurde, dass die Kinder lernen, eigene Entscheidungen zu treffen und umzusetzen. Weitere Übereinstimmungen bestehen: 1. bezüglich der eigenen biografischen Ressourcen: ein hohes Maß an Selbstgewissheit, die eigenen Ziele erfolgreich zu verwirklichen; 2. hinsichtlich des dominanten berufsbiografischen, nämlich naturwissenschaftlichen Technikinteresses; 3. in Bezug auf das Leistungsprinzip: Die Frauen begreifen einen großen Leistungswillen als essenzielle Voraussetzung dafür, ihre Interessen zu realisieren. Diese drei spezifizierten Dimensionen bestimmen ihren "internen biographischen Regulierungsmechanismus". Unsere Schlussfolgerung ist, dass sich vorwiegend Frauen mit einem ausgeprägten subjektiven Erfolgsstreben für den Maschinenbau entscheiden. Vermutlich würden sie auch in den meisten anderen Fächern erfolgreich sein.
Inhalt: Female students in mechanical engineering have better chances to achieve an academic career than women in other academic disciplines. In this article we reconstruct how female mechanical engineers interpret for themselves their success. Our reconstruction of the self-interpretations focusses on the "internal biographical mechanisms of regulation" (GIEGEL, 1988). The empirical material encompasses three qualitative primary data collections with female professors, female doctoral candidates, and female students of mechanical engineering. The methods used are narrative and problem-centered interviews. These primary data collections are then analyzed by applying the method of thematic coding. The analysis shows an extraordinarily high level of accordance between the three groups. The first accordance relates to family upbringing, which was aimed at enabling the children to make individual decisions Further agreements concern: 1. biographical resources: a high level of self-confidence of being successful by realizing their own objectives; 2. the dominant interest in technology, based in the natural sciences; 3. the relation to the performance principle: the female mechanical engineers embrace great determination for performance as an essential basis for realizing one’s own interests. These three dimensions specify their "internal biographical mechanism of regulation." It can be assumed that women who opt for mechanical engineering very often possess a distinct aspiration for success. Presumably they would be successful in most other disciplines.
A systematic review of quality of student experience in higher education
Autor/in:
Tan, Adrian Han Tsai; Muskat, Birgit; Zehrer, Anita
Quelle: International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 8 (2016) 2, S 209-228
Inhalt: The purpose of this paper is to identify and synthesize major streams of research on quality of student experience in higher education, in order to present an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic review of high quality journals published during the period 2000 to 2014 in the areas of quality of student experience and higher education was performed. Findings – Findings highlight current research trends on the quality of student experience in higher education. Results show five prevailing research streams: 1) exploration of learning experience; 2) exploration of student experience; 3) gender differences in assessment of higher education experience; 4) improvement in quality of student experience, 5) student satisfaction with higher education experience. Research limitations/implications – The identification of the five research streams presented in the findings of this paper provide the basis for a synthesis of key issues identified within each research stream. These discussions, along with the identification of the purposes and limitations of existential research allow existential issues concerning research on quality of student experience in higher education to be addressed. Practical implications – Literature currently portrays the quality of student experience as a student-centric idea. Together with the purposes and limitations identified in existing research, the paper proposes an agenda for future research that increases the variety of research streams that is essential to provide a deeper understanding of the student experience to enhance the delivery of quality in higher education. Originality/value – The findings contribute to the research scene by providing important insights in terms of the current trends and focus of existing research in the area of quality of student experience in higher education.
Schlagwörter:Hochschulbildung; university level of education; Forschungsstand; research status; Trend; trend; Entwicklung; development; Studienbedingung; study conditions; Lerninhalt; curriculum contents; Studium; studies (academic); Studiensituation; study situation; Erfahrung; experience; Fachliteratur; technical literature; Rezeption; reception; Zeitschrift; periodical; Forschungsansatz; research approach; Qualität; quality; Service Experience; Learning Experience; Higher Education; Service Quality; Singapore; Literature Review
Für eine gendersensible Lehr-/Lernkultur in Mathematik, Informatik und den Naturwissenschaften: Symposium vom 2. bis 4. Juli 2015 an der Freien Universität Berlin
Titelübersetzung:A gender-sensitive teaching culture in science, technology, engineering and mathematics: symposium, 2-4 July 2015, Freie Universität Berlin
Autor/in:
Klenk, Florian Cristobal
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 8 (2016) 1, S 140-146
Inhalt: "Im Zentrum des Symposiums 'Für eine gendersensible Lehr-/Lernkultur in Mathematik, Informatik und den Naturwissenschaften', das vom 2. bis 4. Juli 2015 an der Freien Universität Berlin stattfand, stand die Reflexion struktureller, (inter)disziplinärer sowie didaktischer Möglichkeiten der Integration von Gender in die MINT-Lehre. Die Fragen, wie und warum Gender in den MINT-Fachdisziplinen, -Fachdidaktiken und Unterrichtsfächern implementiert werden solle, bildete den thematischen Kern der Veranstaltung, die sich in Vorträgen und Workshops den praktischen Möglichkeiten sowie fachspezifischen Herausforderungen einer gendersensiblen Lehrund Lernkultur auf Ebene der Schule und Hochschule widmete." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The symposium on 'A Gender-Sensitive Teaching Culture in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics' which was held from 2 to 4 July 2015 at Freie Universität Berlin focussed on reflecting on structural, interdisciplinary and didactic methods of integrating gender into STEM subjects and education. The question of how and why gender needs to be included in STEM disciplines, subject didactics and school subjects formed the thematic core of the event. Presentations and workshops were dedicated to the practical methods and discipline-specific challenges of a gender-sensitive teaching culture in secondary and higher education." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Gender; gender; Lernkultur; learning culture; Hochschullehre; university teaching; Lehrerbildung; teacher training; Fachdidaktik; subject didactics; Mathematik; mathematics; Informatik; computer science; Naturwissenschaft; natural sciences; Hochschulbildung; university level of education; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich
