Quelle: European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies, 1 (2018) 2, S 55-77
Inhalt: This study ascertained the significant effectiveness of Nigeria’s microfinance model of financial inclusion on women empowerment. Following reforms in the financial system geared towards enhancing women financial inclusion and digitalization of financial products and services, its effect on women empowerment becomes imperative. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of available microfinance banks’ products in rural communities via rent savings, child education, new born and daily savings account on women empowerment. A descriptive survey design was utilized to realize our objective. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were distributed to respondents, out of which one hundred and ninety (190) were fully completed and used for the analysis. After checking for internal reliability of the responses through the Alpha Cronbach’s test, we proceeded to applying Pearson correlation and regression estimations. From the regression estimation, we identified a positive and significant relationship between women empowerment and microfinance banks’ products: rent savings, child education, new born and daily savings account. Thus, microfinance model is a policy in the right direction that will result in more financial inclusion of the women population especially, in rural communities. Subsequently, we recommend the creation of more women tailored products by microfinance banks. This will avail them the opportunity to choose from variety of products and services that specifically suit their needs. Furthermore, collateral for women to access finance from these microfinance banks should be community/socially based rather than individually based.
Schlagwörter:Nigeria; Nigeria; Mikrofinanzierung; microfinance; woman; Empowerment; empowerment; Kreditvergabe; lending; Sparen; savings; Benachteiligung; deprivation; gender-specific factors; Partizipation; participation; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Afrika südlich der Sahara; Africa South of the Sahara; financial inclusion; microfinance products
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie
The Traps of International Scripts: Making a Case for a Critical Anthropology of Gender and Sexuality in Development
Autor/in:
Roodsaz, Rahil; Van Raemdonck, An
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 16-24
Inhalt: In this article, we look at colonialities of gender and sexuality as concepts employed in international aid and development. These international arenas reveal not only strong reiterations of modernist linear thinking and colonial continuities but also provide insights into the complexities of the implementation and vernacularisation of gender and sexuality in practices of development. Using a critical anthropological perspective, we discuss case studies based on our own research in Egypt and Bangladesh to illustrate the importance of unpacking exclusionary mechanisms of gender and sexuality scripts in the promotion of women’s rights and sexual and reproductive health and rights in postcolonial development contexts. We provide a conceptual analysis of decolonial feminist attempts at moving beyond the mere critique of development to enable a more inclusive conversation in the field of development. To work towards this goal, we argue, a critical anthropological approach proves promising in allowing a politically-sensitive, ethical, and critical engagement with the Other.
Schlagwörter:Kolonialismus; colonialism; Anthropologie; anthropology; Gender; gender; Sexualität; sexuality; internationale Hilfe; international aid; Entwicklungshilfe; development aid; woman; Menschenrechte; human rights; Postkolonialismus; post-colonialism; Feminismus; feminism; Ägypten; Egypt; Bangladesch; Bangladesh; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Nordafrika; North Africa; Südasien; South Asia; critical anthropology; development;
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie
Quelle: Towards Gender Equity in Development. Oxford, 2018, S 217-236
Inhalt: A substantial amount of development programming assumes that women have preferences or aptitudes that are more conducive to economic development. For example, conditional cash transfer programmes commonly deliver funding to female household heads, and many microcredit schemes focus on women’s savings groups. This chapter examines a public goods game in northern Liberia. Women contributed substantially more to a small-scale development project when playing with other women than in mixed-gender groups, where they contributed at about the same levels as men. We try to explain this composition effect using a structural model, survey responses, and a second manipulation. Results suggest women in the all-women group put more weight on co-operation regardless of the value of the public good, the fear of discovery, or the desire to match others’ behaviour. We conjecture that players have stronger motivation to signal public-spiritedness when primed to consider themselves representatives of the women of the community.
Schlagwörter:economic development (on national level); Wirtschaftsentwicklung; Kollektivverhalten; Liberia; woman; collective behavior; Liberia; gender-specific factors; nonmarket good; Westafrika; West Africa; öffentliches Gut; gender; microcredit schemes; public goods; women's savings groups
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Quelle: Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health, 3 (2016) 4, S 8-21
Inhalt: Migrant adolescent girls in India’s fast-growing urban-slum population face multiple intersecting vulnerabilities,
including gender, poverty and migrant-status.
The study aims to understand the opportunities and challenges for migrant adolescent girls in low-income urban
slum settings.
Qualitative data were collected through interviews with girls aged 12-19 who migrated during the past two years
and non-migrant adolescent girls for comparison to explore their experiences in fast-growing Indore. A groupinterview with slum women’s group members discussedways to address challenges.
Push/pull factors linked with different employment/educational opportunities between rural and urban areas
motivated families of unmarried girls to migrate. Recently married girls joined city-based families or accompanied
husbands who were labor migrants. Neither married nor unmarried girls played decision-making roles in
migration.
Married migrant adolescent girls faced challenges in accessing education, employment, social opportunities and
services owing to restrictions on freedom of movement, weak social networks, and little awareness of
opportunities and services. Childbearing migrant girls faced particular risks. Contact with their natal families being
limited, the quality of relationship with husbands and marital families was crucial for married girls’well-being.
Unmarried girls attending schools were positive about the migration experience, perceiving the city to offer
greater educational opportunities. Through school, they accessed opportunities for new relationships and social
activities. Not all unmarried adolescent-girls wereable to access opportunities owing to family restrictions and
economic circumstances. These girls’ worlds remained small despite moving to a large city.
Where girls’ economic and/or family and social circumstances allowed, migration entailed a positive change that
enhanced their opportunities. Specific challenges of this population segment need focus in policies and programs,
prioritizing three particularly vulnerable groups: girls who are neither in education nor employment, pregnant
girls or new mothers, and those with difficult relationships in marital homes. Proactive outreach to raise awareness about opportunities and services and fostering social networks through front-line workers and slum women’s groups are recommended.
Schlagwörter:labor migration; Indien; soziales Netzwerk; adolescence; Schwangerschaft; slum; Familiensituation; pregnancy; Migrant; Arbeitsmigration; sozioökonomische Faktoren; large city; Adoleszenz; Jugendlicher; Großstadt; social inequality; Südasien; Slum; poverty; adolescent; migrant; Armut; health care; girl; marriage immigration; social network; Gesundheitsversorgung; Mädchen; socioeconomic factors; exclusion; Entwicklungsland; South Asia; Exklusion; India; family situation; soziale Ungleichheit; Heiratsmigration; developing country; married girls; internal migration; SDGs; women's groups
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheitspolitik, Migration
Ethnic identity, informal institutions, and the failure to elect women in Indigenous Southern Mexico
Titelübersetzung:Ethnische Identität, informelle Institutionen und die Nicht-Wahl von Frauen im indigenen Südmexiko
Autor/in:
Danielson, Michael Stephen; Eisenstadt, Todd Alan; Yelle, Jennifer
Quelle: Journal of Politics in Latin America, 5 (2013) 3, S 3-33
Inhalt: "This article argues that the low levels of descriptive representation of women in local political office in Mexico and Latin America is much more than a problem of the purported patriarchal cultures of indigenous and rural communities. The authors claim, based on a comprehensive survey of 466 municipal governments in the indigenous state of Oaxaca, that the underrepresentation of women is a function of institutions limiting female candidates. They test this 'candidate supply' hypothesis, adapted from US-based studies, against the hypothesis that culture - as measured by indigenous ethnicity - has an independent effect on women's representation. They disconfirm that patriarchal, traditionalist cultures of indigenous communities cause underrepresentation in the election of women and instead find that a particular set of local institutions, which are more prevalent in indigenous municipalities, blocks the supply of potential women candidates. The authors conclude by considering the normative implications for women's representation in local politics in Mexico and Latin America." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:ethnische Struktur; ethnic structure; informelle Struktur; informal structure; Institution; institution; Mexiko; Mexico; woman; Abgeordneter; representative; ländlicher Raum; rural area; Mittelamerika; Central America; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Lateinamerika; Latin America
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Child-raising, childbirth and abortion in extremis: women's stories of caring for and losing children during the violence of 1965-1966 in Indonesia
Titelübersetzung:Aufzucht von Kindern, Geburten und Abtreibung unter extremen Umständen: Erzählungen von Frauen über Pflege und Verlust von Kindern in den Gewaltjahren 1965/66 in Indonesien
Autor/in:
Pohlman, Annie
Quelle: Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 32 (2013) 3, S 93-114
Inhalt: "In this paper I examine women survivors' stories about childbirth and child-raising during the period of mass violence following Indonesia's 1965 coup, as well as some accounts of abortion during detention. The focus of my research is not on children's experiences per se but rather on women survivors' accounts about what happened to their children. I discuss various aspects of these experiences, including: being pregnant and giving birth; caring for children in and outside detention; the harm and abuse of children; losing children; and forced abortions. These stories reveal much about how women cared for and lost children as well as about what happened to children during the violence of 1965. I argue that examining these experiences must therefore also be central to understanding how women and their children survived and coped with the mass violence of 1965-1966. I also argue that these stories of caring for children, as well as of how children were harmed or lost, were fundamental parts of many women's testimonies." (author's abstract)
NGOs in India: the challenges of women's empowerment and accountability
Autor/in:
Kilby, Patrick
Quelle: London (Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series), 2011. XII,148 S
Inhalt: By examining how NGOs operate in Southern India in the early 2000's, this book discusses the challenges faced by small, local NGOs in the uncertain times of changing aid dynamics. The key findings focus on what empowerment means for Indian women, and how NGO accountability to these groups is an important part of the empowerment being realised. The notion of community empowerment, in which the 'solidarity' of a group can be a path to individual empowerment, is discussed, as well as analysing how empowerment can be a useful concept in development. Based on case studies of 15 NGOs as well as in-depth interviews with 80 women's self-help groups, the book highlights the key features of effective empowerment programs. The author uses innovative statistical analysis tools to show how a key factor in empowerment of marginalised women is the accountability relationship between themselves and the supporting NGO. The book goes on to discuss the ways that NGOs can work with communities in the future, and recognises the limitations of a donor-centric accountability framework. It provides a useful contribution to studies on South Asia as well as Gender and Development Studies. Contents: Introduction; 1. Non-Governmental Organisations in India; 2. The work of NGOs in India - SHGs and Women's Empowerment; 3. Rural NGOs; 4. Pune Waste-picker program; 5. Measuring Women's Empowerment; 6. NGO Accountability; 7. Conclusion.
Schlagwörter:self-help; Selbsthilfe; Indien; Gruppe; non-governmental organization; sense of solidarity; combating poverty; empowerment; Armutsbekämpfung; woman; Gemeinsinn; Empowerment; South Asia; nichtstaatliche Organisation; Südasien; India; group; Politics & Development; ; Gender Studies; ; Political Lobbying & Interest Groups; ; South Asia; ; Development Studies; ; Civil Society
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Labyrinthe der Straflosigkeit: Frauenmorde in Ciudad Juárez und extreme Gewalt in Mexiko heute
Titelübersetzung:Labyrinths of impunity: the killing of women in Ciudad Juárez and extreme violence in Mexico today
Autor/in:
Melgar, Lucía
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 3 (2011) 2, S 90-97
Inhalt: "Der vorliegende Text behandelt die brutalen Frauenmorde (feminicidio), die seit 1993 in den mexikanischen Grenzstädten Ciudad Juärez und Chihuahua stattfinden, als extremes Beispiel für misogyne Gewalt und Verletzung der Menschenrechte. Die Nichtverfolgung der Täter und die damit verbundene Straflosigkeit sowie die Normalisierung von Gewalt gingen der aktuellen Toleranz von Gewalt im mexikanischen 'Drogenkrieg' voraus. Die Auflagen, die der Interamerikanische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte dem mexikanischen Staat im Kontext des Falles 'Campo algodonero' machte, werden nicht angemessen erfüllt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "While the extreme violence prevailing in Mexico has overshadowed the intensity of gender violence, feminicidio continues. This essay reviews the infamous murders of women occurring in Ciudad Juärez and Chihuahua since 1993, as an exemplary case of misogynistic violence and human rights violations. It argues that the process of not solving feminicide at the border allowed for the normalization of extreme violence and impunity, a precedent to the current tolerance of violence in Mexico, under the 'war on drugs'. In such a context, the historical ruling of the Inter-American Human Rights Court against the Mexican State in the case of feminicide is ill-fated." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:International Court of Justice; Mexiko; Latin America; sexual offense; human rights violation; historical analysis; Menschenrechtsverletzung; barbarism; Central America; Mexico; criminal law; offender; Sexualdelikt; historische Analyse; justice; homicide; Tötungsdelikt; Strafrecht; violence; Mittelamerika; Gewalt; woman; court decision; Entwicklungsland; Gerechtigkeit; Täter; gender-specific factors; Barbarei; Gerichtsentscheidung; developing country; Internationaler Gerichtshof; Lateinamerika
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, soziale Probleme