Why Do Lone Mothers Fare Worse than Lone Fathers? Lone Parenthood and Welfare Benefit Receipt in Germany
Autor/in:
Geisler, Esther; Kreyenfeld, Michaela
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 44 (2019) , S 61-84
Inhalt: This article uses data from the German microcensuses of 2007 and 2012 to examine gender differences in welfare reliance among lone parents. Binary logistic regression was employed as the method of analysis. We show that the risk of welfare benefit receipt is lower among lone fathers than lone mothers. We also find that these gender differences can be partially explained by the socio-economic characteristics of lone fathers; compared to lone mothers, lone fathers are, on average, better educated and more likely to be living with older children. Gender differences decreased over time among parents who have never married, but remained constant among divorced parents. We present a discussion of our findings in light of recent policy reforms, in particular the reform of the German Maintenance Law of 2008, which curbed the ability of a divorced parent to collect support from an ex-spouse.
Schlagwörter:Leistungsbezug; father; Sozialhilfeempfänger; sozioökonomische Faktoren; Federal Republic of Germany; Mutter; Unterhalt; labor force participation; labor market policy; poverty; single parent; social policy; Erwerbsbeteiligung; receipt of benefits; Alleinstehender; Armut; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; mother; allein erziehender Elternteil; socioeconomic factors; welfare recipient; gender-specific factors; support; single; Vater; Sozialpolitik; lone parents; German Microcensus (2007 and 2012)
The Same Fertility Ideals as in the Country of Origin? A Study of the Personal Ideal Family Size among Immigrant Women in Italy
Autor/in:
Mussino, Eleonora; Ortensi, Livia Elisa
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 243-274
Inhalt: The role of the personal ideal family size for international migrants has rarely been studied in the current debate on fertility and migration in the European context. It is not known to which extent the reduction of fertility observed among immigrants who settle in a country where fertility is lower than in their country of origin is the result of a change in fertility norms among those immigrants. The study of migrants' ideals family size has the potential to shed light on fertility norms without the interference of economic conditions and migration-related disruptive phenomena. Due to the complexity of its migration context, Italy is an interesting destination country for studying changes in migrants' ideal family sizes. This paper uses data from the survey of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) on immigrant families conducted in 2011-12. We compare the personal ideal family size of women of reproductive age with the prevalent norm in their country of origin, applying a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results show that the country of origin has an important role in the determination of immigrants’ ideal family sizes. Women from countries where large families are the ideal are more likely to show a lower personal ideal family size compared to their non-migrant co-nationals, while women from countries where two children are considered ideal mostly share the same norm. The occurrence of fertility preferences expressed in a non-numeric form (e.g. "Up to God") changes between women with different countries of origin. This study confirms that conformity with the ideal of the country of origin is more likely among women who migrated as adults. At the same time, the number of years spent in the destination country is not significantly associated with a shift away from the norms prevalent in the country of origin. Finally, female empowerment and gender equity show their effects mainly on the reduction of non-numeric responses.
Schlagwörter:Migrant; migrant; woman; Italien; Italy; Fruchtbarkeit; fertility; Kinderzahl; number of children; generatives Verhalten; reproductive behavior; Familiengröße; family size; Norm; standard; Tradition; tradition; Herkunftsland; country of origin; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; Ideal number of children; Fertility; Migrants; Italy; Gender Norms
SSOAR Kategorie:Bevölkerung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Fertility Intentions across Immigrant Generations in Sweden: Do Patterns of Adaptation Differ by Gender and Origin?
Autor/in:
Carlsson, Erik
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 211-242
Inhalt: In being representative of individuals' demographic value orientations, fertility preferences provide information about immigrants' adaptation to family formation patterns in the destination country at a deeper, ideational level than actual fertility does. Using data from Wave 1 of the Swedish GGS from 2012/2013 (n=3,932), this study compares the first, 1.5, and second generations with either one or two foreign-born parent(s) to Swedes without an immigrant background by gender and across origins. Binary logistic regression is used to compare the propensity to state a positive fertility intention, and partial proportional odds models are used to analyse differences across four ordinal intention categories (definitely/probably yes/no). Results show a general tendency towards convergence from the relatively positive intentions of the first generation to levels closer to non-immigrants in later generations, although complete convergence is only found for the second generation with one foreign-born parent. There are gender differences, with women being similar to non-immigrants by the 1.5 generation, while there is no clear intergenerational trend for men. Among origin groups, convergence is evident among Eastern Europeans and "other non-Europeans", while Westerners already are similar to non-immigrants in the first generation, and Middle Easterners/North Africans display no clear intergenerational trend. This study contributes to the understanding of immigrant fertility by showing that there often is intergenerational adaptation at the ideational (i.e. preference) level, that the pace and extent of convergence vary by gender and across origins, and that group-level patterns found for fertility intentions do not always match those found in earlier research on fertility behaviour.
Schlagwörter:Migrant; migrant; Einwanderung; immigration; Schweden; Sweden; erste Generation; first generation; zweite Generation; second generation; Fruchtbarkeit; fertility; Familienplanung; family planning; generatives Verhalten; reproductive behavior; Familiengröße; family size; Präferenz; preference; Intention; intention; gender-specific factors; soziale Anpassung; social adjustment; Gender Survey
The Same Fertility Ideals as in the Country of Origin? A Study of the Personal Ideal Family Size among Immigrant Women in Italy
Autor/in:
Mussino, Eleonora; Ortensi, Livia Elisa
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 243-274
Inhalt: The role of the personal ideal family size for international migrants has rarely been studied in the current debate on fertility and migration in the European context. It is not known to which extent the reduction of fertility observed among immigrants who settle in a country where fertility is lower than in their country of origin is the result of a change in fertility norms among those immigrants. The study of migrants' ideals family size has the potential to shed light on fertility norms without the interference of economic conditions and migration-related disruptive phenomena. Due to the complexity of its migration context, Italy is an interesting destination country for studying changes in migrants' ideal family sizes. This paper uses data from the survey of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) on immigrant families conducted in 2011-12. We compare the personal ideal family size of women of reproductive age with the prevalent norm in their country of origin, applying a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results show that the country of origin has an important role in the determination of immigrants’ ideal family sizes. Women from countries where large families are the ideal are more likely to show a lower personal ideal family size compared to their non-migrant co-nationals, while women from countries where two children are considered ideal mostly share the same norm. The occurrence of fertility preferences expressed in a non-numeric form (e.g. "Up to God") changes between women with different countries of origin. This study confirms that conformity with the ideal of the country of origin is more likely among women who migrated as adults. At the same time, the number of years spent in the destination country is not significantly associated with a shift away from the norms prevalent in the country of origin. Finally, female empowerment and gender equity show their effects mainly on the reduction of non-numeric responses.
Schlagwörter:Italy; fertility; reproductive behavior; number of children; gender role; Migrant; Italien; sozioökonomische Faktoren; Geschlechtsrolle; Gleichberechtigung; country of origin; family size; Kinderzahl; Fruchtbarkeit; Tradition; Familiengröße; generatives Verhalten; Norm; migrant; Herkunftsland; standard; equality of rights; socioeconomic factors; woman; tradition; Ideal number of children; Fertility; Migrants; Italy; Gender Norms
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Bevölkerung
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 275-306
Inhalt: In this article we investigate fertility intentions of Russian women in Estonia from an origin-destination perspective. Russian migrants to Estonia and their descendants are compared with women in the sending and host countries in order to identify similarities and differences in intended transitions to first, second and third births. The study is based on the Estonian and Russian Generations and Gender Surveys, which were conducted in 2004/2005, and employs logistic regression models. The dependent variables are intentions to become a mother, to have a second child, or to have a third child. The hypotheses for the study are mainly derived from the adaptation, cultural maintenance, and selection (characteristics) perspectives. We also incorporate attitudes towards gender roles into the models, which have proven to be a salient factor in shaping childbearing intentions, but have seldom been considered in studies of migrant fertility. Our results lend support to both the adaptation and cultural maintenance perspectives. In accord with the latter, the similarity between the childbearing intentions of Russian migrants and their descendants in Estonia and those of their counterparts in Russia suggests that socialisation to the ethnic subculture has prevailed over the influence of the host society. We attribute this outcome to contextual features that have retarded integration processes. By contrast, we observe that proficiency in the host country language, residence in areas where the host population constitutes a large majority and having a native partner significantly contribute to the adaptation of migrants' intentions to have another child to those of the host population. These results provide support to the adaptation argument. Finally, our study reveals a positive association between egalitarian views on gender roles and women's intentions to have another child. However, variation in gender role attitudes accounts for a relatively minor part of the difference in intended fertility between the groups addressed in this study.
When Paid Work Matters for Fertility Intentions and Subsequent Behavior: Evidence from Two Waves of the Austrian Gender and Generation Survey
Autor/in:
Hanappi, Doris; Buber-Ennser, Isabella
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 42 (2017) , S 245-279
Inhalt: "The anticipated risk of job loss and material insecurity are related to fertility postponement in the same way as unemployment is. Given the sequential nature of fertility and occupational decisions, unfavorable working conditions should be resolved before having children, and result in an increase in people's assignment of importance to paid work when developing their childbearing plans. We aim to demonstrate this link, focusing on perceived employment and material insecurity, the importance assigned to paid work in forming fertility intentions, the construction of fertility intentions, and their realization. Using two waves of the Austrian Generations and Gender Survey, we apply probit regressions to analyze gender variations in the associations between uncertainty conditions, the importance of paid work, fertility intentions and behavior. Results reveal that work and related benefits become salient when they are insecure, and that material insecurity among men discourages childbearing. For women, we find support for the hypothesis that the anticipated risk of job loss inhibits the realization of fertility intentions - intentions which are less likely to be constructed under such conditions from the onset of family planning processes." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:desire for children; birth trend; fertility; social security; Austria; Kinderwunsch; Familienplanung; Erwerbstätigkeit; gainful employment; Österreich; socioeconomic factors; sozioökonomische Faktoren; soziale Sicherung; Geburtenentwicklung; gender-specific factors; family planning; Fruchtbarkeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Bevölkerung
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 40 (2015) 4, S 367-398
Inhalt: "Comparative research suggests that there are great cross-national and cross-temporal differences in living arrangements of young adults aged 18-34 in Europe. In this paper, we examine young adults' living arrangements (1) across several European countries and different national contexts, and (2) by taking into account cross-time variability. In doing so, we pay careful attention to a comprehensive conceptualisation of living arrangements (including extended and non-family living arrangements). The aim of this paper is to deepen our understanding of family structure and household arrangements in Europe by examining and mapping the cross-national and cross-temporal variety of young adults' living arrangements. For our analysis we use data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series International (IPUMSi) for the census rounds 1980, 1990, and 2000 for eight European countries (Austria, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Portugal, Romania, and Switzerland). We employ log-linear models to ascertain the influence of individual and contextual factors on living arrangements. The analyses lend further support to a North/West - South/East divide in living arrangements and general gender differentials in extended family living. Other interesting results are the heterogeneity in the living arrangements of single mothers across geographic areas, and the upward trend of extended household living for young men and women between 1980 and 2000." (author's abstract) (Online appendix - supplementary material: http://dx.doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2015-15en, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bib-cpos-2015-15en12013-20en)
Schlagwörter:way of life; demographic factors; Austria; junger Erwachsener; Österreich; Ireland; Romania; sozioökonomische Faktoren; Großfamilie; Irland; Griechenland; Lebenssituation; Rumänien; single parent; Switzerland; Lebensweise; France; young adult; allein erziehender Elternteil; life situation; socioeconomic factors; Frankreich; Portugal; Familienform; family structure; Portugal; Schweiz; Ungarn; gender-specific factors; demographische Faktoren; extended family; Greece; Hungary; living arrangements; IPUMS-International; transition to adulthood
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Bevölkerung
Marriage, norm orientation and leaving the parental home: Turkish immigrant and native families in Germany
Autor/in:
Windzio, Michael; Aybek, Can M.
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 40 (2015) 2, S 105-130
Inhalt: "This article investigates differences between native Germans and Turkish immigrants in the timing of leaving their parental homes in Germany. By using event history models, it is shown that leaving the parental home is closely linked to the intervening life-event of marriage, particularly among Turkish women. Moreover, there are interaction effects of religious norm orientation with gender which differ between native Germans and Turkish immigrants. In contrast to Turkish immigrants, the linkage of marriage and leaving home became much weaker over birth-cohorts with time in the group of German women. Finally, analyses of sequence patterns also show remarkable differences between native Germans and Turkish immigrants in the process of leaving home. Religious norm orientation turns out to be less important in the Turkish group than in the native German group." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Deutscher; German; Türke; Turk; Migrant; migrant; Eltern-Kind-Beziehung; parent-child relationship; Ehe; marriage; Familie; family; Familiengründung; family formation; gender-specific factors; religiöse Faktoren; religious factors; Wertorientierung; value-orientation; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Bevölkerung
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 38 (2013) 2, S 341-370
Inhalt: "Räumliche Mobilität ist ein weit verbreiteter Trend in europäischen Gesellschaften. Soziologen haben die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass sich Mobilitätsmuster auf Familienverläufe sowie auf den Prozess der Pluralisierung und Individualisierung familialer Lebensformen auswirken. Dieser Beitrag soll in erster Linie die Auswirkungen räumlicher Mobilität auf das Familienleben innerhalb der portugiesischen Gesellschaft aus der Lebenslaufperspektive belegen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Analyse der Mobilität sowie der Familienverläufe von drei unterschiedlichen Generationen im frühen Erwachsenenalter durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse lassen eine Vielfalt von Verläufen sowie relevante Zusammenhänge zwischen Mobilitätsvariablen und Familienverläufen erkennen. Dieser Beitrag stützt sich auf Daten aus einer landesweiten Umfrage zum Lebensverlauf, die im Jahr 2010 mit einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von Männern und Frauen (n=1.500) aus drei Generationen (geboren zwischen 1935 und 1940, 1950 und 1955 sowie 1970 und 1975, n=500 je Generation) durchgeführt wurde. Mithilfe von Sequenz- und Clusteranalysen konnten die Autoren innerhalb dieser drei Generationen sieben Mobilitätsverlaufsmuster sowie vier Hauptformen des Familienverlaufs offenlegen. Diese spiegeln nicht nur die Biografien einzelner Befragter wider, sondern auch die räumlichen und familiären Veränderungen, die im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte in Portugal stattgefunden haben. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages sollen die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen Mobilität und Familienverläufen mithilfe der multinomialen Regressionsanalyse aufgeschlüsselt werden. Zu diesem Zweck haben die Autoren eine Analyse aus zwei Blickwinkeln durchgeführt, indem sie diese beiden Variablen als Prädiktor der jeweils anderen - neben weiteren soziodemografischen Schlüsselvariablen und Ereignissen im Lebenslauf - miteinander in Zusammenhang gebracht haben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen in erster Linie, dass räumliche Mobilität ein signifikanter Prädiktor für Familienverläufe ist, auch wenn ihre Auswirkungen in unterschiedliche Richtungen weisen können: So kann Mobilität standardisierte Familienverläufe begünstigen (wie z.B. einen frühen Übergang zur Elternschaft), gleichzeitig aber auch mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit 'nicht lineare' Familienverläufe fördern. Familienverläufe eignen sich hingegen weniger als Prädiktor für Mobilitätsverläufe. Letztere werden durch Variablen bestimmt, die strukturelle Zwänge widerspiegeln, wie z.B. Arbeitslosigkeit. Geschlechter- und Generationeneffekte spielen jedoch auch eine wichtige Rolle und belegen, dass Mobilitätsverläufe in einem spezifischen historischen und sozialen Kontext verankert sind. Schließlich konnten die Autoren noch einen Zusammenhang zwischen räumlicher Mobilität und Individualisierungsprozessen finden, indem sie ihre Auswirkungen auf bestimmte Ereignisse im Lebenslauf in Verbindung mit Familien- und Geschlechterbeziehungen untersucht haben." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Geographical mobility is a well-established trend in European societies, and social theorists have put forward the hypothesis that mobility patterns have an impact on family trajectories and on their processes of pluralization and individualization. Using a life course perspective, the main aim of this article is to provide evidence of the impact of geographical mobility on family life in Portuguese society. The mobility and family trajectories of three different generations in their early adulthood are analyzed, with results pointing to a diversity of trajectories as well as to relevant connections between mobility variables and family trajectories. The article draws on data from a national survey on life trajectories conducted in 2010 on a representative sample of men and women (n=1,500) from three generations (born between 1935 and 1940; 1950 and 1955; and 1970 and 1975; n=500 per generation). Based on sequence and cluster analyses, the authors were able to identify seven patterns of mobility trajectories and four main types of family trajectories across the three generations. These reflect not only the biographies of individuals within our sample, but also the geographical and family changes that have been taking place in Portugal over the past few decades. Drawing on multinomial regression analysis, the article seeks to disentangle the complex linkages between mobility and family trajectories. To this end, they adopted a double angle approach by linking these two variables as predictors of each other alongside other key socio-demographic variables and life course events. The main findings reveal that geographical mobility is a significant predictor of family trajectories, even if its effects are dualistic: Mobility may work as a facilitator of standardized family trajectories (early transition to parenthood, for example), but it also predicts a higher probability of 'non-linear' family trajectories. On the other hand, family trajectories are weak predictors of mobility trajectories. The latter are predicted by variables that reflect structural constraints, such as unemployment, but gender and generation effects also play an important role and provide evidence that mobility trajectories are anchored in specific historic and social contexts. Finally, they were also able to link geographical mobility to individualization processes by examining its impact upon specific life course events related to family and gender relations." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:gender relations; mobility; way of life; pluralism; generation; life career; Lebensweise; Individualisierung; individualization; Generation; Migration; Familie; comparison; Geschlechterverhältnis; Portugal; Portugal; family; migration; Mobilität; Lebenslauf; Vergleich; Pluralismus; geographical mobility; migration patterns; family trajectories
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeographie
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 38 (2013) 2, S 371-404
Inhalt: "Räumliche Mobilität ist ein weit verbreiteter Trend in europäischen Gesellschaften. Soziologen haben die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass sich Mobilitätsmuster auf Familienverläufe sowie auf den Prozess der Pluralisierung und Individualisierung familialer Lebensformen auswirken. Dieser Beitrag soll in erster Linie die Auswirkungen räumlicher Mobilität auf das Familienleben innerhalb der portugiesischen Gesellschaft aus der Lebenslaufperspektive belegen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Analyse der Mobilität sowie der Familienverläufe von drei unterschiedlichen Generationen im frühen Erwachsenenalter durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse lassen eine Vielfalt von Verläufen sowie relevante Zusammenhänge zwischen Mobilitätsvariablen und Familienverläufen erkennen. Dieser Beitrag stützt sich auf Daten aus einer landesweiten Umfrage zum Lebensverlauf, die im Jahr 2010 mit einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von Männern und Frauen (n=1.500) aus drei Generationen (geboren zwischen 1935 und 1940, 1950 und 1955 sowie 1970 und 1975, n=500 je Generation) durchgeführt wurde. Mithilfe von Sequenz- und Clusteranalysen konnten die Autoren innerhalb dieser drei Generationen sieben Mobilitätsverlaufsmuster sowie vier Hauptformen des Familienverlaufs offenlegen. Diese spiegeln nicht nur die Biografien einzelner Befragter wider, sondern auch die räumlichen und familiären Veränderungen, die im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte in Portugal stattgefunden haben. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages sollen die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen Mobilität und Familienverläufen mithilfe der multinomialen Regressionsanalyse aufgeschlüsselt werden. Zu diesem Zweck haben die Autoren eine Analyse aus zwei Blickwinkeln durchgeführt, indem sie diese beiden Variablen als Prädiktor der jeweils anderen - neben weiteren soziodemografischen Schlüsselvariablen und Ereignissen im Lebenslauf - miteinander in Zusammenhang gebracht haben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen in erster Linie, dass räumliche Mobilität ein signifikanter Prädiktor für Familienverläufe ist, auch wenn ihre Auswirkungen in unterschiedliche Richtungen weisen können: So kann Mobilität standardisierte Familienverläufe begünstigen (wie z.B. einen frühen Übergang zur Elternschaft), gleichzeitig aber auch mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit 'nicht lineare' Familienverläufe fördern. Familienverläufe eignen sich hingegen weniger als Prädiktor für Mobilitätsverläufe. Letztere werden durch Variablen bestimmt, die strukturelle Zwänge widerspiegeln, wie z.B. Arbeitslosigkeit. Geschlechter- und Generationeneffekte spielen jedoch auch eine wichtige Rolle und belegen, dass Mobilitätsverläufe in einem spezifischen historischen und sozialen Kontext verankert sind. Schließlich konnten die Autoren noch einen Zusammenhang zwischen räumlicher Mobilität und Individualisierungsprozessen finden, indem sie ihre Auswirkungen auf bestimmte Ereignisse im Lebenslauf in Verbindung mit Familien- und Geschlechterbeziehungen untersucht haben." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Geographical mobility is a well-established trend in European societies, and social theorists have put forward the hypothesis that mobility patterns have an impact on family trajectories and on their processes of pluralization and individualization. Using a life course perspective, the main aim of this article is to provide evidence of the impact of geographical mobility on family life in Portuguese society. The mobility and family trajectories of three different generations in their early adulthood are analyzed, with results pointing to a diversity of trajectories as well as to relevant connections between mobility variables and family trajectories. The article draws on data from a national survey on life trajectories conducted in 2010 on a representative sample of men and women (n=1,500) from three generations (born between 1935 and 1940; 1950 and 1955; and 1970 and 1975; n=500 per generation). Based on sequence and cluster analyses, the authors were able to identify seven patterns of mobility trajectories and four main types of family trajectories across the three generations. These reflect not only the biographies of individuals within our sample, but also the geographical and family changes that have been taking place in Portugal over the past few decades. Drawing on multinomial regression analysis, the article seeks to disentangle the complex linkages between mobility and family trajectories. To this end, they adopted a double angle approach by linking these two variables as predictors of each other alongside other key socio-demographic variables and life course events. The main findings reveal that geographical mobility is a significant predictor of family trajectories, even if its effects are dualistic: Mobility may work as a facilitator of standardized family trajectories (early transition to parenthood, for example), but it also predicts a higher probability of 'non-linear' family trajectories. On the other hand, family trajectories are weak predictors of mobility trajectories. The latter are predicted by variables that reflect structural constraints, such as unemployment, but gender and generation effects also play an important role and provide evidence that mobility trajectories are anchored in specific historic and social contexts. Finally, they were also able to link geographical mobility to individualization processes by examining its impact upon specific life course events related to family and gender relations." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:gender relations; mobility; way of life; pluralism; generation; life career; Lebensweise; Individualisierung; individualization; Generation; Migration; Familie; comparison; Geschlechterverhältnis; Portugal; Portugal; family; migration; Mobilität; Lebenslauf; Vergleich; Pluralismus; räumliche Mobilität; Migrationsmuster; Familienverläufe
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeographie