Corona, Care, and Political Masculinity: Gender-Critical Perspectives on Governing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria
Titelübersetzung:Corona, Sorge und politische Männlichkeit: Eine geschlechterkritische Perspektive auf das Regieren der COVID-19 Pandemie in Österreich
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 46 (2021) 4, S 50-71
Inhalt: The article departs from the contradiction that the importance of care for society was publicly acknowledged during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the pandemic response of the Austrian government did not challenge the structurally devalued status of care. In order to sustain the hegemonic patriarchal-capitalist governance of care and social reproduction in the pandemic government actors had to reframe care. We investigate government discourses that normalised its careless crisis management and interrogate the role political masculinity and affects played therein. Based on our analysis of a set of selected press conferences held in March 2020, we find that a new mode of rational-affective political masculinity was constitutive of the political management of COVID-19 crisis. With help of this hybrid mode of masculinity, political actors reinterpreted care first and foremost as healthcare and caring for the economy, and as caring for the population in terms of biopolitics. At the same time, caring tasks in the 'private' sphere were left to the personal responsibility of individuals and families. In order to generate consent, political actors frequently invoked affects that pertained to risk and danger on the one hand and solidarity and responsibility on the other.
Schlagwörter:Österreich; Austria; Pflege; caregiving; Reproduktion; reproduction; Gesundheitspolitik; health policy; Krisenmanagement; crisis management (econ., pol.); politischer Akteur; political actor; Männlichkeit; masculinity; Biopolitik; biotechnology policy; Hegemonie; hegemony; Gender; gender; rational-affective masculinity; reframing care; care for the economy; solidarity; nationality; Corona; COVID-19; global pandemic; biopolitics
SSOAR Kategorie:politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Blood is Thicker than Water: Family Ties to Political Power Worldwide
Titelübersetzung:Blut ist dicker als Wasser: Familienbindungen und weltweite politische Machtbeziehungen
Autor/in:
Jalalzai, Farida; Rincker, Meg
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 43 (2018) 4, S 54-72
Inhalt: This article analyzes the relevance of family ties for the recruitment of chief executives - presidents or prime ministers - with special emphasis on gender. Based on a cross-national data-set examining political chief executives from 2000-2017 in five world regions (Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Asia, Europe, and North America), we test several hypotheses and present four main results. First, belonging to a political family (BPF), is an advantage to entering national executive positions around the world, for both democracies and non-democracies. Among those with a sizeable number of executives in this period, regions range from 9 percent (Africa) to 13 percent (Latin America and Europe) of executives BPF. Second, executives’ family ties are more powerful (with a previous chief executive) in Asia, Africa, and Latin America and more direct (with an immediate family member) in Asia and Africa. Across the globe, women only made up 6% of chief executives in the time period. Third, females who manage to become chief executives are more often BPF than their male counterparts, particularly in Asia and Latin America. Fourth, regardless of region, family ties nearly always originate from men, not women.
Schlagwörter:Führungskraft; executive; Präsident; president; Ministerpräsident; minister-president; politische Elite; political elite; Rekrutierung; recruitment; politisches System; political system; politische Macht; political power; gender-specific factors; Familie; family; internationaler Vergleich; international comparison; family ties; executive; political recruitment; gender, democracy
SSOAR Kategorie:politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Titelübersetzung:Terrorismus, Gender und Geschichtswissenschaft - eine Einleitung
Autor/in:
Schraut, Sylvia; Weinhauer, Klaus
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 7-45
Inhalt: After some introductory remarks, this article gives a brief overview on contem-porary terrorism research in the political and social sciences. Then, the important contributions historical studies have made to enhance the academic knowledge about terrorism are sketched. The third part provides an overview which not only critically discusses the state of research on gendered aspects of terrorism but also demonstrates the stimulating insights gained by employing a historical perspective in this field. In the fourth chapter, the authors outline some promising topics of future terrorism research which all can be studied from gender sensitive historical perspectives. Finally the results of the contributions put together for this HSR Special Issue are summarized.
Schlagwörter:zone; soziales Milieu; gender; historische Entwicklung; social milieu; victim; communication; Raum; Kommunikation; Gender; Opfer; Diskurs; discourse; research approach; Forschungsansatz; historical development; political violence; gender-specific factors; terrorism; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; periodization of terrorism; cultures of memory
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Titelübersetzung:Geschlecht und Terrorismus in städtischen Räumen
Autor/in:
Keenan, Kevin
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 100-114
Inhalt: Theoretical development within gender studies and terrorism studies has occurred along the axes of identity, material and spatial power and inequality, and geography. Gender scholars have been concerned with the transformation of oppressive political structures, with increased inequality and understanding how gender structures limit women’s opportunities, and with the role of separate geo-graphical and social spheres in shaping outcomes. Terrorism scholars have con-ceptualized terror as a political process, the result largely of economic inequality and to some extent, gender structures, and they have articulated a role for urban space in conceptualizing interventionist policy to ameliorate the terrorist threat. This paper traces the development of these theoretical traditions, pointing out the thematic similarities, but also the dissimilar objects of inquiry. A review of the scholarship where gender informs terrorism studies points the way to future development of scholarship around (1) solving the global terrorism problem by further understanding gender structures for both men and women; (2) the role of urban and non-urban spaces as the backdrop for terrorist recruitment and formation processes; and (3) how gender is likely to affect actual survival for gendered urban populations when terrorism occurs.
Schlagwörter:perception; gender studies; gender; Wahrnehmung; Risiko; Gender; risk; Bedrohung; Stadt; USA; woman; town; Geschlechterforschung; Feminismus; terrorism; feminism; threat; Terrorismus; United States of America; urban space; hazards
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
John Higley's work an elite foundations of social theory and politics
Titelübersetzung:Elitetheoretische Grundlagen sozialwissenschaftlicher Theoriebildung und politischer Analyse
Autor/in:
Pakulski, Jan
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 1, S 9-20
Inhalt: "John Higley' s work traverses the boundaries of sociology, history and politics in the best tradition of classical social theory, and it has inspired countless scholars across Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. This inspiration has worked on three fronts: paradigmatic, theoretical and empirical. Higley and his colleagues revived the 'elite paradigm' focusing on top national power-holders, where elites are seen as the key social actors and agents of social and political change. An interest in elite theory was also stimulated by his work, especially with respect to the relationship between the key characteristics of national elites, such as their integration and consensus, and the nature (democratic or otherwise) of political regimes. This theoretical work inspired numerous critical analyses of elite transformations that precipitated the post-WWII 'halcyon years' of stability and growth in Europe and North America, the liberal-democratic transformations in post-communist Europe, as well as the recent turbulences: the financial crisis and a prolonged economic slowdown. The work of Higley and colleagues also continues to inspire a revival of macro-theoretical interests, especially in the European social theory, social-historical research, and theoretically informed political analysis." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:post-socialist country; Western Europe; Elite; Transformation; Eastern Europe; North America; Demokratie; political change; Russland; Marktwirtschaft; consolidation; political regime; post-communist society; Russia; Europa; elite research; Paradigma; Eliteforschung; Nordamerika; Konsolidierung; postsozialistisches Land; paradigm; United States of America; theory of society; Gesellschaftstheorie; transformation; gender; politisches Regime; Europe; politischer Wandel; Grundlagenforschung; basic research; elite; USA; postkommunistische Gesellschaft; market economy; democracy; woman; Theoriebildung; East Central Europe; Ostmitteleuropa; UdSSR-Nachfolgestaat; theory formation; Osteuropa; USSR successor state; Westeuropa
SSOAR Kategorie:Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Socialist and post-socialist functional elites in East Germany
Titelübersetzung:Sozialistische und postsozialistische Eliten in Ostdeutschland
Autor/in:
Salheiser, Axel
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 2, S 123-138
Inhalt: "This paper provides a brief overview of elite change and continuity in East Germany as a post-socialist society. To do so, at first, some peculiarities of the former cadre system and elites in socialist East Germany, i.e. the late German Democratic Republic, are addressed with regard to social structure development and the arrangement of generations. Selected empirical evidence is based on cross-sectoral, longitudinal and cohort analyses and the inspection of prosopographic elite data compiled until the end of the 1980s which deconstruct the myth of a levelled egalitarian socialist society. In the second part of the paper, elite change and continuity after the political change of 1989/90 is discussed in the context of the transformation of institutions. Inspired by Bourdieu's analytic paradigm, one central thesis on the career survivals, take-offs, and breakdowns of East German elites is the continued validity and efficacy of social and cultural capital obtained before the fall of the wall, most of all formal qualification. Dimension of vertical social inequality under socialist rule, such as gender and class background, remain to be decisive until today." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:neue Bundesländer; New Federal States; politische Elite; political elite; postsozialistisches Land; post-socialist country; Transformation; transformation; Wiedervereinigung; reunification; Kontinuität; continuity; politischer Wandel; political change; Kohortenanalyse; cohort analysis; Karriere; career; Sozialkapital; social capital; kulturelles Kapital; cultural capital; Sozialstruktur; social structure; Macht; power; Elite; elite; soziale Integration; social integration; institutioneller Wandel; institutional change; Biographie; biography; SOEP; SOEP; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Pfadabhängigkeit; path dependence; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
What happened afterwards? Change and continuity in the Hungarian elite between 1988 and 2009
Titelübersetzung:Was passierte danach? Kontinuität und Wandel der ungarischen Elite zwischen 1988 und 2009
Autor/in:
Kristóf, Luca
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 2, S 108-122
Inhalt: "This article examines social continuity and discontinuity in the Hungarian political, economic and cultural elites between 1988 and 2009. In these two decades, four empirical surveys (five among the economic elite) have been carried out at the Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to explore the composition, recruitment, lifestyle, and attitudes of different elite groups. This large amount of data (4773 persons, in total) allows us to follow long term trends not yet analyzed and distinguish between several types of social processes in the Hungarian elite. The analysis complements but also augments some of the main findings of the earlier literature an elite circulation and reproduction under post-communism." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Ungarn; Hungary; Transformation; transformation; postkommunistische Gesellschaft; post-communist society; Kontinuität; continuity; politische Elite; political elite; politischer Wandel; political change; historische Analyse; historical analysis; Lebensalter; age; gender; Bildungsabschluss; level of education attained; Familie; family; soziale Herkunft; social background; Partei; party; kommunistische Partei; communist party; Mitgliedschaft; membership; Wirtschaftselite; economic elite; Manager; manager; Kultur; culture; vergleichende Forschung; comparative research; postsozialistisches Land; post-socialist country
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Partisan competition and women's suffrage in the United States
Titelübersetzung:Parteienwettbewerb und Frauenwahlrecht in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika
Autor/in:
Munshi, Soumyanetra
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 35 (2010) 3, S 351-388
Inhalt: "Though women's suffrage was federally mandated in the United States by the nineteenth amendment in 1920, many states had granted suffrage to women prior to that and most of these early suffrage states were clustered in the west. The author revisits some of the popular conjectures that have been put forward to explain why these states moved first to give women the vote and offer a hypothesis of partisan competition leading to suffrage extension. Using event history analysis, she finds strong evidence that early enfranchisement of women in the western states was driven by the intensity of competition between Republicans and Democrats, as well as by adverse female-male ratios and greater concentration of the population in urban areas. Moreover, as might be expected from the geographic concentration of the suffrage states, she finds evidence that suffrage adoption was strongly and positively related to whether a neighboring state had women's suffrage. Also, the 'risk' of suffrage enactments was increasing over time foreshadowing the success of the nineteenth amendment." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:diffusion; federal state; Republikanische Partei; party; demographic factors; political theory; North America; Diffusion; suffrage; Democratic Party (USA); Demokratische Partei; Methode; historical analysis; microeconomic factors; Partei; deskriptive Statistik; Bundesstaat; descriptive statistics; Nordamerika; soziale Faktoren; politische Theorie; Wahlrecht; United States of America; Republican Party; historische Analyse; regionale Faktoren; model; regional factors; ökonomische Faktoren; Modell; political situation; method; Wettbewerb; comparison; USA; woman; competition; demographische Faktoren; politische Situation; social factors; Vergleich
SSOAR Kategorie:allgemeine Geschichte, Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Politikwissenschaft, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur