Conflict of culture and religion: Jalal Al-e-Ahmad's "Pink Nail Polish" from a Bakhtin's carnivalistic point of view
Autor/in:
Oroskhan, Muhammad Hussein; Anoosheh, Sayyed Mohammad
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2017) 77, S 35-43
Inhalt: By the 1930s, the Iranian society was driven toward modernization. Consisted with the concept of modernization, feminism ushered a whole new era in Iranian history. Besides, the outbreak of World War II and the consequent abdication of Reza Khan afforded women a golden opportunity to fight for their rights and emancipations. This movement was also supported by the famous male writers of the time among whom Jalal Al-e-Ahmad marked a prominent place. He was keen enough to properly explore women's situation in his works and notice the drastic effect of modernization upon women's situation. Hence, in this study, we try to investigate Al-e-Ahmad's short story entitled "Pink Nail Polish" 1948 with respect to Bakhtin's Carnivalesque's theory. Furthermore, it is shown how Bakhtin's new literary mode can create the excellent chance of studying Iranian women's situation properly. Finally, we explain that due to the drastic change of Iranian women's situation towards modernity, they may lead a double life if their rights are not respected. This can lead to a disproportionate relationship between the husband and the wife as the marital infidelity becomes rampant.
Schlagwörter:Iran; Iran; Modernisierung; modernization; 20. Jahrhundert; twentieth century; Feminismus; feminism; woman; soziale Lage; social situation; Literatur; literature; Kulturkonflikt; cultural conflict; religiöser Konflikt; religious conflict
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Multiple perspectives toward women in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness: a feministic overview
Autor/in:
Fakhimi Anbaran, Farough
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 66, S 129-134
Inhalt: Undoubtedly, in spite of all those efforts done during the years, the mentality towards the superiority of male over female is still being reflected in the works of art written by men. Joseph Conrad, the Polish author, who wrote great masterpieces in English, is not an exception. His great work of art, Heart of Darkness, reflects multiple perspectives towards women. By applying a Feminist approach towards this novel, this article tends to present an analytical overview of the mentality of men towards women in the written work of art, Heart of Darkness.
Das hässliche Entlein wird zum Schwan: Liebe, Schönheit und Selbstnarration in Twilight, Fifty Shades of Grey und Jane Eyre
Titelübersetzung:From ugly duckling to (Bella) swan: love, beauty and self-narration in Twilight, Fifty Shades of Grey and Jane Eyre
Autor/in:
Coffey, Judith
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 8 (2016) 2, S 83-98
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag fokussiert auf die Protagonistinnen und zugleich Erzählerinnen von Stephenie Meyers Twilight-Saga und E. L. James' Fifty-Shades-Trilogie und vergleicht sie mit ihrem Prototyp, Jane Eyre aus dem gleichnamigen Roman von Charlotte Brontë. Im Zentrum steht eine Analyse der Selbstbeschreibung von Bella, Ana und Jane als gewöhnlich, unscheinbar und wenig attraktiv. Indem diese Selbstbeschreibung in den Kontext des Gesamttextes - und damit der Liebesgeschichte und ihrer seit dem 19. Jahrhundert etablierten Begehrensökonomie - gestellt wird, kann herausgearbeitet werden, wie die Sichtweise der Erzählerinnen im Text gewichtet und punktuell infrage gestellt wird und wie sich die Protagonistinnen im Laufe der Erzählung in feminine und begehrenswerte Frauen verwandeln. Dadurch kann in den Blick genommen werden, welche spezifische Form weißer bürgerlicher heterosexueller Weiblichkeit in heteronormativen Liebesgeschichten entworfen und bekräftigt wird." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: This article focuses on the heroines and firstperson narrators in Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight saga and E. L. James's erotic retelling Fifty Shades of Grey. I undertake a comparison with what can be identified as the prototype for these heroines, namely Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre in the eponymous novel. I use the fact that Bella, Ana and Jane describe themselves as ordinary, unremarkable and plain as my point of departure. By locating their selfnarration within the context of the love story, its long-established plot structure and its politics of desire, I aim to show how their view is weighted and questioned, and how the heroines’ transformation into feminine and desirable women is effected in the text. This reading enables me to analyse and criticise the specific form of white heterosexual bourgeois femininity that is produced and reinforced by heteronormative love stories." (author's abstract)
Gauri as woman protagonist in Mulk Raj Anand's novel
Autor/in:
Yadav, Shashi
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 60, S 134-136
Inhalt: Through this novel "Gauri" Mulk Raj Anand expresses his indisputable concern for the suffering humanity of India. It forces one to ask a few questions about the Indian character of woman. We call the woman as "Mother", "Goddess" and claim that our society always been given due respect to women. At the same time, we also beat them ablaze or turn them out of the house. Mulk Raj Anand's novel Gauri eloquently exposes the hypocrisy of our society. It not only voices a strong protest against ill treatment of women but also explores through the example of Gauri what woman in India should do for her emancipation.
Cultural identity in Eugenia Kim's The Calligrapher's Daughter
Autor/in:
Ng, Wen Lee; Wan Yahya, Wan Roselezam; Mani, Manimangai
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 62, S 131-139
Inhalt: Eugenia Kim’s The Calligrapher's Daughter (2009) is a well-received East Asian novel about a Korean Christian, Najin's encounter with western culture. As an aristocratic woman, she is expected to uphold Korean tradition. However, as Najin realises that she is culturally marginalised by her father and the Korean traditional society mainly due to her gender, she picks up a foreign culture introduced to her, western culture. This move is extremely significant because after Najin driven by cultural marginalisation to embrace western culture, her cultural practices are no longer the same with traditional Korean women. This important turn of the novel has not been explored by scholars extensively. Thus, this study aims to depart from the cultural marginalisation faced by Najin. Furthermore, due to the fact that cultural identity formation is highly influenced by culture, there is a need to look into the changes of Najin’s cultural identity as she incorporates western culture into her Korean traditional culture. By investigating the changes of Najin’s cultural identity throughout the novel, this study finds that Najin has transformed from a nameless girl without an identity into an independent woman with the help of western education.
Schlagwörter:Christentum; Literatur; Tradition; Ostasien; Roman; Emanzipation; Marginalität; Western world; culture; woman; kulturelle Identität; emancipation; westliche Welt; cultural identity; literature; Kultur; Christianity; tradition; marginality; Far East; novel; Korea
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The role of culture and society in the development of plot in Tanushree Podder's Escape from Harem and Gita Mehta's A River Sutra: a feminist reading
Autor/in:
Khandhar, Diren Ashok; Mani, Manimangai
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 56, S 44-49
Inhalt: Culture and Society are often the main gist of most novels. These two factors often influence and control the characters, thus helping in the development of the plot. A plot, as defined by Egan (1978), is used to indicate an outline of events and serves as a skeleton in a literary piece. In other words, it is a tool in making sure the main incidents or scenarios are presented in a particular order to establish a clear understanding of what is being written. Culture and society plays the essence in a novel as it constructs these main ideas in engaging the interest of a reader and also extends the intended message of the particular writer. This paper looks into how culture and society helps in developing the plots of the selected novels using the feminist approach. Tanushree Podder's, Escape from Harem (2013) and Gita Mehta's A River Sutra (1993) amazingly are both set in India. Podder and Mehta have inserted the perception society had over women and how male supremacy was glorified in many aspects. The essence of feminist approach was very much present in these two novels. According to Tyson (2006), feminism concerns the ways in which literature undermines the economic, political, social and psychological oppression on women. Though the setting of both novels fall in different eras but the theme of female oppression remains the same. The patriarchal society uses culture and religion as a tool to control women and oppress them. Both authors have shown how the women in the 17th century and in the 20th century face the same kind of judgment from the society and men in general.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 55, S 154-159
Inhalt: Margaret Atwood is the most prominent Canadian writer. Her feminist ideology is clearly obvious in her novels. She overtly illustrates her feminism view in human rights equality and freedom of choice. Atwood's works are consisted of the fundamental freedom and human rights. In general, her fictions truly portray the women's rights that are equal to men's rights. Social constructions of gender are attacked by Atwood's novels. Her stories represent the silence and sexual discrimination in female characters. She is not only looking for annihilating of the gender system i.e. women's subjugation, but look at men and women at the same level in society. Female bodies in Atwood's point of view have been captured in patriarchal societies. Female protagonists in the selected novels explain noticeable symbols of bodily nervousness. Female characters are mostly used as objects in Atwood's stories. Women are considered as a tool or toy, as if they have no feelings, opinions or rights of their own. Body in female characters plays an important role and it is symbol of sexuality. Female body in Atwood's selected stories is under the cruel dominance by male and that is what she always tries to portray under the sexual politics. This paper aims to illustrate sexual politics though female body in Atwood's selected works.
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 50, S 86-90
Inhalt: Canadian novels have witnessed a movement from description to more different analytical and interpretative directions. Margaret Atwood's oeuvres are belonged to the postmodern literary field of feminist writing. Her fictions show a severe alertness of the relationship between chains and slavery, i.e. between women's requirement for relationships with others and her requirements for freedom and autonomy. In this paper, The Handmaid's Tale, Bodily Harm, Surfacing, and The Edible Woman will be surveyed in a direct relationship between politics, violence and victimization of female protagonists. An examination on Margaret Atwood's novels demonstrates that she is pioneer in the dimension of time by being a revolter against the patriarchal society.
A study of Carter's Wolf-Alice based on showalter's gynocriticism
Autor/in:
Nouri, Azadeh; Aziz Mohammadi, Fatemeh
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 48, S 1-8
Inhalt: One of the most radical and stylish fiction authors of the 20th century, Angela Carter, expresses her views of feminism through her various novels and fairy tales. Carter began experimenting with writing fairy tales in 1970, which coincided with the period of second wave feminism in the Unites States. The majority of Angela Carter's work revolve around a specific type of feminism, radical libertarian feminism and her critique of the patriarchal role that have been placed on women. In this article, the main concentrate is on heroine’s internalized consciousness which echoes in their behavior. All of the female protagonists in carter's short stories; such as The Company of Wolves, and Werewolf and mainly in Wolf-Alice have similar characteristics with different conditions, in which they are represented in a very negative light with less than ideal roles. In these stories, the protagonist is a young girl who has many conflicts with love and desire. Carter attempts to encourage women to do something about this degrading representation.
Feminism and the hard-boiled genre: breakdown in Sara Paretsky's breakdown
Autor/in:
Jabbari, Mohsen; Beyad, Maryam Soltan
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 45, S 24-34
Inhalt: As feminist re-writings of the genre of crime fiction (mostly the hard-boiled) from the 1980s onward, Sara Paretsky's Warshawski novels provide a fertile field for critical and cultural studies. The aims of this paper are twofold: first, it traces the generic influences on her latest novel Breakdown (2012) beyond the obvious male precursors of the hard-boiled (Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler) of the interwar period to the Gothic vogue in the early 19th century; and second, drawing on Roland Barthes's notion of readerly/writerly texts, Pierre Macherey’s critique of ideology in realist fiction, and Fredric Jameson's dialectical view of genre, it teases out the symptomatic fissures and contradictions in Paretsky's novel which betray the text’s inability to ultimately resist the ideology it intends to subvert.