Quelle: Overcoming the Challenge of Structural. Angela Wroblewski, Rachel Palmén (Hrsg.), Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited. 2022, S 143–157
Inhalt: This chapter aims to present the context, the approach and the pedagogical tools deployed at École Centrale Marseille (ECM) to promote gender equality in engineering education. The ECM has put several mechanisms in place such as challenging traditional gender stereotypes, social representation of the engineering profession and facing the realities of a professional world that is overwhelmingly masculine, including awareness of the glass ceiling effect on access to positions of responsibility and prevention of sexual harassment. The ECM model combines multidisciplinary studies with a professional grounding with the aim of educating students to be able to transform society. In 1997, the ECM founded the Mediterranean Network of Engineering Schools with the main goal of fostering sustainable development in the Mediterranean basin. The ECM has been part of the community of practice on gender equality initiated by Mediterranean Network of Engineering Schools through its participation in the H2020 TARGET project on gender equality in research and higher education.
Inhalt: While women’s contributions to science and technology have been increasing in recent decades, parity with men has still not been reached. This study examines women’s participation in patenting activity at the EPO in the 38 contracting states to the European Patent Convention (EPC). 1 The analysis focuses on all European patent applications submitted between 1978 and 2019, with occasional extensions until 2021, where possible. Using disambiguated inventor data and attributing gender to individual inventors based on their names, the analysis provides evidence on the presence of women inventors across different countries, time periods, technology fields and patent applicant profiles.
A new study released by the European Patent Office (EPO) finds that 13.2% of inventors in Europe are women. The study, the first of its kind to be published by the EPO, is based on the percentage of women inventors named in all patent applications to the EPO from 1978 until 2019. It highlights that while the women inventor rate in Europe has been rising in recent decades (up from only 2% in the late 1970s to 13.2% in 2019), a strong gender gap remains. The rate of women inventors is also far below the share of women among science and engineering researchers and graduates.
The EPO study aims to provide policymakers and the general public with insights and evidence on gender and patenting in Europe. It provides data on women inventors across different countries, time periods, technology fields and patent applicant profiles.
In the ranking of EPO member states (for the period 2010-19) Latvia (30.6%), Portugal (26.8%), Croatia (25.8%), Spain (23.2%) and Lithuania (21.4%) have the highest proportion of women inventors, while Germany (10.0%), Luxembourg (10.0%), Liechtenstein (9.6%) and Austria (8.0%) have the lowest.
Chemistry stands out as the technology sector with the highest share of women inventors (22.4% in 2010-19), while mechanical engineering (5.2%) has the lowest share. Within the chemistry sector, patent applications in the areas of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals have rates of over 30% women inventors.
The report also highlights that patent applications from universities and public research organisations have a significantly larger share of women inventors (19.4% in 2010-19) than those from private business (10.0%).
A Global Approach to the Gender Gap in Mathematical, Computing and Natural Sciences : How to Measure it, How to Reduce it? - Gender Gap in Science project: Final report
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
‘Mentoring and sponsorship in Higher Educational institutions : Men’s invisible advantage in STEM’?
Autor/in:
O’Connor, Pat; O'Hagan, Angela; Myers, Eva Sophie
Quelle: Higher Education Research and Development, 39 (2019) 4, S 1–14
Inhalt: This article is concerned with the source of men’s invisible advantage in the male dominated disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). It is suggested that this advantage has been obscured by combining sponsorship and mentoring. The research asks: Are men or women most likely to be mentored? Is it possible to distinguish between mentoring and sponsorship? Is there gender variation in either or both of these depending on the source – whether from the academic supervisor, line manager or other senior academics. This qualitative study draws on interview data from 106 respondents (57 men and 48 women) at junior, middle and senior levels, in four universities: one each in Bulgaria, Denmark, Ireland and Turkey. It shows that both men and women received mentoring from their PhD supervisor, albeit with slightly different reported nuances. Men were more likely than women to receive sponsorship in that relationship. Both men and women received sponsorship from the Head of Department, whose wider responsibilities may have reduced homophily. Men were more likely than women to receive sponsorship and mentoring from senior men, with most women indicating a lack of access to such senior academics. By distinguishing between mentoring and sponsorship, this article contributes to our understanding of the way male dominance in STEM is perpetuated and suggests the source of men’s invisible advantage in STEM.
Quelle: CJPE (Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation), 33 (2019)
Inhalt: Gender equality has made its way to the forefront of discussions across various sectors in the Canadian context. Yet the intentional inclusion of gender and other intersectional identity dimensions is just beginning to permeate the realities of performance measurement and evaluation practitioners, particularly those using program theory. There is a vast body of knowledge regarding the measurement of women’s empowerment, gradually declining availability of resources targeting the inclusion of gender in theory, and even less guidance on integrating gender in theory in the context of gendered programming. Similarly, coordinated efforts from multiple sectors have resulted in an abundance of theory regarding girls and women’s representation, recruitment, retention, and promotion within STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) but less guidance on the measurement and evaluation in these areas. This article shares recent efforts to bridge the divide using theory knitting to develop a performance measurement framework addressing the decreasing representation of girls and women across the STEM “leaky pipeline” using the COM-B theory of change model.
Schlagwörter:gender equality; Geschlechterverhältnis; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Gleichstellungspolitik; Ingenieurwissenschaft; MINT; Programmevaluation; Programmtheorie; STEM; theory of change
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Construction of Gendered Enineering Culture in Turkey
Autor/in:
Kadayifci, Ezgi Pehlivanli
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 9 (2017) 3, S 221–243
Inhalt: This article is based on the findings of research that aims to understand the factors creating gendered aspects in the professional culture of engineering in contemporary Turkey. Based on the results of this study, I argue that the engineering profession’s prestige in Turkish society derives from gendered codes and ideals. These codes mainly place the male engineer as the ideal type. The results of this study revealed that engineering is a prestigious profession in Turkey's society. The level of prestige is constructed upon factors such as being successful in math and natural sciences at high school, and the hierarchy between engineering departments and engineers’ class position.
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Measuring Gender Equality in Science and Engineering : The SAGA Science, Technology and Innovation Gender Objective List - Working Paper 1
Autor/in:
UNESCO
Quelle: , 2016. 13 S
Inhalt: The Science, Technology and Innovation Gender Objectives List (STI GOL) is a tool for classifying STI policies and indicators, developed in the framework of SAGA.The STI GOL enables the categorization of policies and policy instruments, and assists in analysis aimed at preparing regional or country profiles. At the same time, it allows for identifying gaps in the STI policy mix, thereby supporting policy-makers worldwide in setting up, implementing, monitoring and evaluating gender equality policies in STI. The STI GOL will also be a useful tool for gender in STEM indicators, as it will allow for existing indicators to be mapped to gender objectives, while at the same time identifying ones for which indicators do not exist yet.
She Figures 2012 : gender in research ; statistics and indicators
Herausgeber/in:
Europäische Kommission
Quelle: Europäische Kommission; Brüssel: Amt f. amtl. Veröff. d. Europ. Gemeinschaften (She figures), 2012. 153 S.
Inhalt: "Women employed as researchers still remain a minority, but are they catching up? Is their distribution throughout different fields of science changing over time? Are women effectively progressing in their careers to achieve top-level positions? Are more women sitting on executive or advisory boards of research organizations? The She Figures 2012 contains the most recent available data on the involvement of women covering the period from tertiary education to employment and their work-life outlook, in the 27 EU Member States and in the associated countries." (publisher's description)
Quelle: Generaldirektion Forschung, Europäische Kommission; Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union (Studies and reports), 2010. 222 S.
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Bericht zieht eine Bilanz über den Aktionsplan "Frauen in der Wissenschaft", den die Europäische Kommission im Jahr 1999 ins Leben gerufen hat. In dem Aktionsplan wurde eine Strategie entworfen, um zusammen mit den EU-Mitgliedstaaten und weiteren Schlüsselakteuren die Forschung von, für und über Frauen zu fördern. Im Mittelpunkt stehen vor allem drei Ziele: das Wissen über die Situation von Frauen in der Wissenschaft zu vertiefen, die Anzahl der Frauen in Wissenschaft, Ingenieurwesen und Technologie zu erhöhen sowie das Leitbild Gender Mainstreaming in allen Politikbereichen, insbesondere in der Forschung, zu implementieren. Von der Helsinki-Gruppe "Frauen und Wissenschaft" wurden hierzu geschlechtsdifferenzierte Indikatoren erarbeitet, um den Fortschritt in Richtung Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in der europäischen Forschung zu messen. Der Bericht ist in vier größere Kapitel unterteilt, in denen die Aktivitäten, die in den letzten zehn Jahren von der Europäischen Kommission und den Mitgliedstaaten unternommen worden sind, ausführlich dargestellt werden: (1) Geschichte der "Frauen und Wissenschaft"-Politik in der EU, (2) Zur Situation von "Frauen in der Wissenschaft" in Europa, (3) Rekrutierung, Förderung und Beibehaltung von mehr Frauen in wissenschaftlichen Karrieren, (4) Gender Mainstreaming in der EU-Politik (insbesondere in der Forschung). (ICI)
Inhalt: In 1999 the European Commission started its activities on "women in science". This Report records the ten-year history (1999-2009), analyses the activities undertaken, provides an assessment of their effectiveness and appropriateness, and - whenever possible - includes a reflection on what did not work, what was not done, and how these omissions could be addressed.
Quelle: Generaldirektion Forschung, Europäische Kommission; Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union (She figures), 2009. 155 S.
Inhalt: "What is the proportion of female and male researchers in Europe and how is this balance evolving over time? In which scientific fields are women better represented? Do the career paths of female and male researchers follow similar patterns? How many senior research positions are held by women in Europe? And is there any age trend that can be observed? Published by the European Commission's Directorate General for Research in 2003, 2006 and 2009, She Figures is an ongoing work to present statistics and indicators an women in science from tertiary education to the job market. Along with the 27 EU Member States, She Figures covers Croatia, Iceland, Israel, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey. The cooperation of the Member States, Associated Countries, and colleagues from Eurostat in preparing She Figures is gratefully acknowledged." (publisher's description)