Diversity and Discrimination in Research Organizations
Herausgeber/in:
Striebing, Clemens; Müller, Jörg; Schraudner, Martina
Quelle: Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023. 516 S
Inhalt: The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. The era of team science has long since dawned. However, in order for the individual members of a team to work well, research organizations need to provide a productive and naturally non-discriminatory working environment. Bringing together and integrating researchers and their diverse backgrounds in effective teams does not happen on its own. To harness the positive effects of diversity, it must be understood and managed proactively. The edited collection Diversity and Discrimination in Research Organizations provides researchers with empirical studies on the question of whether and to what extent the social identity of the academic workforce affects their individual integration in research organizations. Practitioners receive guidance and suggestions on possible starting points and requirements for programmes to improve equal opportunities and work climate in their research organizations. The articles can be roughly divided into two categories according to the guiding questions of this edited collection: macro studies surveying the extent of discrimination and harassment in research organizations and micro studies exploring the influence of the specific cultural contextual conditions of the academic workplace on experiences of discrimination and harassment related to the diversity of the workforce.
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Hochschulen, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Inhalt: Universitäten erkennen die Relevanz und das Potenzial von Diversität und einem inklusiven Arbeits- und Studienumfeld, können jedoch aufgrund von fehlenden personellen und finanziellen Ressourcen nur begrenzt aktiv werden, um diese Faktoren voranzutreiben. Zu diesem Schluss kommt die Studie „Eine Universität für alle – Universität und Diversität: Status Quo“, die Wissenschaftlerinnen der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg am Lehrstuhl für Internationales Management durchgeführt haben. Gleichzeitig kennt jedoch ein Großteil der Universitäten ihren eigenen Status Quo in punkto Diversität oftmals nicht, sodass Maßnahmen nicht zielgerichtet umgesetzt werden können. Und es fehlt eine Brücke zwischen Studierenden und Universität: Studierenden ist Diversität und Inklusion wichtig, von den Bemühungen ihrer Universität wissen sie allerdings oft wenig.
Von 2021 bis 2023 haben die Forschenden vom Lehrstuhl für Internationales Management den Status Quo des Engagements in Bezug auf Vielfalt, Gleichstellung und Inklusion an deutschen Universitäten erfasst. „Dafür haben wir die diversitätsspezifischen Angaben auf den Webseiten von 76 öffentlich-rechtlichen Universitäten in Deutschland betrachtet“, erklärt die Projektleiterin Prof. Dr. Susanne Schmidt und Inhaberin des Lehrstuhls für Internationales Management. „Ergänzend befragten wir Mitarbeitende von Universitätsverwaltungen sowie Studierende der betrachteten Universitäten. Unser Bericht ist somit keine reine Momentaufnahme, sondern beleuchtet auch aktuelle Entwicklungen dieses dynamischen Themenbereichs.“
Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass an den befragten Universitäten Diversität und Inklusion als wichtig erachtet wird, allerdings würden nicht alle Diversitätsdimensionen dabei im Fokus stehen, so Schmidt weiter. „Erfahrungen zu Maßnahmen der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Menschen mit Behinderungen liegen mehrheitlich vor. Andere Dimensionen wie Alter oder sexuelle Orientierung und Geschlechtsidentität werden als weniger relevant eingeschätzt.“ Weiterhin zeige sich, dass an den Universitäten gezielte Maßnahmen zur Etablierung eines inklusiven Arbeits- und Studienumfeldes in universitätsübergreifenden Diversitätsstrategien festgehalten seien, jedoch für die Umsetzung oftmals personelle und finanzielle Ressourcen fehlten. „Diese sind notwendig, um aktuelle Herausforderungen bei der Transformation, wie das Schließen von Datenlücken, die Festlegung von Verantwortlichkeiten und die Intensivierung der Kommunikation, zu bewältigen.“ Eine positive Erkenntnis sei, dass der Vergleich der Website-Daten von 2021 und 2023 bereits einen Aufwärtstrend hin zu mehr Diversität in den Universitätsleitungen und ein zunehmendes Engagement für Vielfalt zeige, so die Wissenschaftlerin.
Schlagwörter:Befragung; Diversität; Führungsposition; Hochschulleitung; Studierende; Universität
10 action towards LGBTQIA+ equality in research centres and STEM environments : Implementation Guide
Autor/in:
Villafranca, Aitor; Ortiz, Gloria P.
Quelle: PRISMA; Barcelona, 2023.
Inhalt: The PRISMA guide has been developed to implement the 10 PRISMA measures that favor LGTBQIA+ equality and diversity in research centers and in science, technology and innovation environments.
Schlagwörter:Diversity; equality; equality measure; Innovation; LGBTQ+; research performing organisation; technology
CEWS Kategorie:Außerhochschulische Forschung, Diversity, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Perceived social norms and acceptance of transgender students in gendered restrooms
Autor/in:
Monheim, Chelsea L.; Ratcliff, Jennifer J.
Quelle: Journal of LGBT Youth, 20 (2023) 2, S 353–369
Inhalt: Transgender college students report higher rates of discrimination in gendered restrooms than do their cisgender peers. It is critical to understand factors that promote greater acceptance of transgender students using restrooms that align with their gender identity. The current experiment examined the impact of perceived social norms on both acceptance of transgender individuals using various locations and transphobia. Participants were 133 cisgender college students recruited on a college campus that had recently added all-gender restrooms to all campus buildings. Participants completed a prescreening measure of transphobia. During the experimental session, participants read results from a fictional study in which the social norm of their college campus was described as either in favor of (supportive norm) or against (unsupportive norm) the installation of all-gender restrooms on campus. Then participants completed measures of acceptance of transgender individuals in various spaces and transphobia. Supporting the primary hypothesis, relative to those in the unsupportive norm condition, participants in the supportive social norm condition were more accepting of transgender individuals using restrooms that aligned with their gender identity. However, the norm manipulation did not impact personal levels of transphobia between prescreen and post experimental manipulation. Implications and future directions will be discussed.
Quelle: Am Sociol Rev (American Sociological Review), (2023)
Inhalt: How does higher education shape the Black-White earnings gap? It may help close the gap if Black youth benefit more from attending and completing college than do White youth. On the other hand, Black college-goers are less likely to complete college relative to White students, and this disparity in degree completion helps reproduce racial inequality. In this study, we use a novel causal decomposition and a debiased machine learning method to isolate, quantify, and explain the equalizing and stratifying roles of college. Analyzing data from the NLSY97, we find that a bachelor’s degree has a strong equalizing effect on earnings among men (albeit not among women); yet, at the population level, this equalizing effect is partly offset by unequal likelihoods of bachelor’s completion between Black and White students. Moreover, a bachelor’s degree narrows the male Black-White earnings gap not by reducing the influence of class background and pre-college academic ability, but by lessening the “unexplained” penalty of being Black in the labor market. To illuminate the policy implications of our findings, we estimate counterfactual earnings gaps under a series of stylized educational interventions. We find that interventions that both boost rates of college attendance and bachelor’s completion and close racial disparities in these transitions can substantially reduce the Black-White earnings gap.
University housing reinforces the negative relationship between interpersonal violence, psychological distress, and suicidality in undergraduates, particularly among gender diverse students
Autor/in:
Heller, Abigail T.; Berg, Sergey S.; Prichard, J. Roxanne
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, 71 (2023) 1, S 102–110
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
To compare academic and mental health outcomes across diverse gender identities in the context of interpersonal violence and campus housing.
PARTICIPANTS
45,549 students from 124 self-selected post-secondary institutions.
METHODS
Various academic and health measures from the National College Health Assessment Spring 2017 dataset were analyzed for differences across five gender identities (cis women, cis men, transwomen, transmen, and genderqueer students), and two housing categories (university housing and non-university housing).
RESULTS
When compared to cisgender peers, gender diverse students reported greater experiences of interpersonal violence and higher levels of negative academic and mental health outcomes. Living in university housing was associated with an increase in these disparities.
CONCLUSIONS
University housing, which usually reinforces fixed gender binaries, is associated with worse outcomes for gender diverse students. These data can help higher education institutions better understand and address problems that disproportionately impact transgender and gender diverse students, who represent a growing demographic.
Zwischen Wertschätzung und Diskriminierung : Umgang mit Vielfalt am Campus
Autor/in:
Sommer, Elisabeth; Thiessen, Barbara
Quelle: Diversität und Diskriminierung. Mina Mittertrainer (Hrsg.), Kerstin Oldemeier (Hrsg.), Barbara Thiessen (Hrsg.), Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien. 2023, S 105–123
Belonging and loneliness as mechanisms in the psychological impact of discrimination among transgender college students
Autor/in:
Wilson, Laura C.; Liss, Miriam
Quelle: Journal of LGBT Youth, 20 (2023) 3, S 705–723
Inhalt: Although research has consistently shown that individuals who identify as transgender have increased rates of mental health difficulties compared to their cisgender peers, less is known about the psychological mechanisms that convey this heightened risk. The data analyzed here were collected through the Wake Forest Well Being Assessment, which was conducted at 28 U.S. colleges and universities. The sample included 372 transgender college students who completed measures of discrimination, belonging, loneliness, depression, and anxiety. The results demonstrated an indirect association such that participants who reported more domains of discrimination reported lower belonging, which was associated with greater loneliness, which was associated with greater depression and anxiety. Ultimately, the findings of the present study provided further support of the psychological mediation model and can be used to inform interventions.
Vielfältige Verantwortungen : Anforderungen an diskriminierungssensible Organisationen am Beispiel der Hochschule
Autor/in:
Steinweg, Nina
Quelle: Supervision: Mensch, Arbeit, Organisation, 40 (2022) 1, S 19–26
Inhalt: Dieser Beitrag widmet sich den Herausforderungen von Hochschulen als diskriminierungssensiblen Organisationen im Spannungsfeld von New Public Management, Wettbewerb um die »besten Köpfe«, Unterfinanzierung und der Verantwortung für ein gerechtes und diskriminierungsfreies Bildungssystem. Er wirft einen Blick auf die Strukturen von Diversity Management und Antidiskriminierungspolitik im Lichte der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen.