Jung, akademisch, prekär : Studentische Beschäftigte an Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen: eine Ausnahme vom dualen System regulierter Arbeitsbeziehungen
Quelle: Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft (iaw); Bremen, 2023.
Inhalt: Eine Studie im Auftrag der Gewerkschaften GEW und Verdi hat die Arbeitsbedingungen von studentischen Hilfskräften an deutschen Hochschulen untersucht – mit nicht unbedingt schmeichelhaften Ergebnissen. So gaben zum Beispiel 39 Prozent der Befragten an, an ihrer Hochschule regelmäßig unbezahlte Überstunden zu leisten. Von denen, die ihre Arbeitszeit nicht dokumentieren, leisten sogar 53,3 Prozent unbezahlte Überstunden. 33,9 Prozent gaben außerdem an, Krankheitstage immer oder häufig nachzuarbeiten, statt eine Lohnfortzahlung zu erhalten. 39,6 Prozent nehmen keinen vollständigen Urlaub und 15,7 Prozent gaben an, Urlaubstage nachzuarbeiten. Das Fazit der Autoren: Die Arbeitnehmerrechte von Hiwis würden häufig nicht beachtet. Durchgeführt wurde die Studie vom Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft in Bremen. Es wurden 11.000 studentische Beschäftigte bundesweit befragt.
Perceived social norms and acceptance of transgender students in gendered restrooms
Autor/in:
Monheim, Chelsea L.; Ratcliff, Jennifer J.
Quelle: Journal of LGBT Youth, 20 (2023) 2, S 353–369
Inhalt: Transgender college students report higher rates of discrimination in gendered restrooms than do their cisgender peers. It is critical to understand factors that promote greater acceptance of transgender students using restrooms that align with their gender identity. The current experiment examined the impact of perceived social norms on both acceptance of transgender individuals using various locations and transphobia. Participants were 133 cisgender college students recruited on a college campus that had recently added all-gender restrooms to all campus buildings. Participants completed a prescreening measure of transphobia. During the experimental session, participants read results from a fictional study in which the social norm of their college campus was described as either in favor of (supportive norm) or against (unsupportive norm) the installation of all-gender restrooms on campus. Then participants completed measures of acceptance of transgender individuals in various spaces and transphobia. Supporting the primary hypothesis, relative to those in the unsupportive norm condition, participants in the supportive social norm condition were more accepting of transgender individuals using restrooms that aligned with their gender identity. However, the norm manipulation did not impact personal levels of transphobia between prescreen and post experimental manipulation. Implications and future directions will be discussed.
Belonging and loneliness as mechanisms in the psychological impact of discrimination among transgender college students
Autor/in:
Wilson, Laura C.; Liss, Miriam
Quelle: Journal of LGBT Youth, 20 (2023) 3, S 705–723
Inhalt: Although research has consistently shown that individuals who identify as transgender have increased rates of mental health difficulties compared to their cisgender peers, less is known about the psychological mechanisms that convey this heightened risk. The data analyzed here were collected through the Wake Forest Well Being Assessment, which was conducted at 28 U.S. colleges and universities. The sample included 372 transgender college students who completed measures of discrimination, belonging, loneliness, depression, and anxiety. The results demonstrated an indirect association such that participants who reported more domains of discrimination reported lower belonging, which was associated with greater loneliness, which was associated with greater depression and anxiety. Ultimately, the findings of the present study provided further support of the psychological mediation model and can be used to inform interventions.
Die Entwicklung der Studienabbruchquoten in Deutschland
Autor/in:
Heublein, Ulrich; Hutzsch, Christopher; Schmelzer, Robert
Quelle: Deutsches Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZHW), 2022.
Inhalt: Die Studienabbruchquote unter den deutschen Studierenden hat sich zu Beginn der Coronazeit nicht wesentlich erhöht: Vor allem im Bachelorstudium ähneln die auf Basis des Absolventenjahrgangs 2020 berechneten Studienabbruchquoten den Werten der letzten Berechnungen von 2020
COVID-19 and the Gender Gap in University Student Performance
Autor/in:
Bratti, Massimiliano; Lippo, Enrico
Quelle: IZA Discussion Paper, (2022)
Inhalt: The gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed in many domains, such as labor market outcomes and mental health. One sector that was particularly disrupted by the pandemic was education, owing to the need to close educational institutions and move all learning activities online. In this paper, we investigate the gender gap in university student performance, focusing on a large public university located in one of the European regions most affected by the first pandemic wave (Lombardy, in Northern Italy). Despite concerns that the pandemic might have had a heavier toll on the educational performance of female students, our empirical analysis shows that the gender gap in student progression (number of credits earned) was not affected by the pandemic and that in some college majors (social sciences and humanities) women even improved their GPA relative to men
Schlagwörter:Benotung; gender gap; Leistungsdifferenzen; Leistungsfähigkeit; public universities and colleges; student; Student*in; Universität
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Studium und Studierende, Geschlechterverhältnis
Gender diverse college students’ perceptions of climate and discriminatory experiences
Autor/in:
Thompson, Ashley E.; Shortreed, Rebecca L.; Moore, Elle A.; Carey-Butler, Sylvia R.
Quelle: Journal of LGBT Youth, 18 (2021) 2, S 155–187
Inhalt: The current study examined gender diverse students’ (students who identify as a gender other than cisgender) perceptions of campus climate, experiences with discriminatory behaviors, and the extent to which discriminatory experiences were reported at one Midwestern university in the U.S. Data were obtained from a campus climate survey involving 1848 students (70% cisgender women, 28% cisgender men, and 2% gender diverse). Although the results revealed that gender diverse students reported significantly less favorable perceptions of climate and more experience with discriminatory behaviors than did cisgender students, gender diverse students were less likely to officially report these experiences. These results have implications for university personnel developing programs promoting inclusivity and administrators looking to improve discrimination/harassment reporting procedures.
Bausteine für einen systematischen Diskriminierungsschutz an Hochschulen
Autor/in:
Antidiskriminierungsstelle des Bundes
Quelle: Berlin, 2020.
Inhalt: Rassistische Beleidigungen, sexuelle Belästigung oder Mobbing aufgrund der sexuellen Identität machen auch vor Hochschulen nicht halt. Hochschulen sehen sich daher verstärkt in der Verantwortung einen umfassenden Diskriminierungsschutz sicherzustellen. Die Broschüre „Bausteine für einen systematischen Diskriminierungsschutz an Hochschulen“ zeigt auf, wo sie ansetzen können.
Dabei stellen sich den Hochschulen häufig praktische Fragen: Wie kann sowohl die Prävention von Diskriminierung als auch die Intervention im Fall einer Benachteiligung sichergestellt werden? Welche Pflichten haben Hochschulen nach dem Allgemeinen Gleichbehandlungsgesetz und wie kann diesen am besten nachgekommen werden? Zusätzlich stehen Hochschulen vor der Herausforderung, alle Statusgruppen adäquat vor Diskriminierung zu schützen.
Die Broschüre „Bausteine für einen systematischen Diskriminierungsschutz an Hochschulen“ schlägt Interessierten sechs Bausteine für die Umsetzung eines effektiven Diskriminierungsschutzes vor: unter anderem Umfragen und Monitoring; Sensibilisierung, Empowerment und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit; Antidiskriminierungsberatung oder die Einrichtung von Beschwerdestellen. Diese wurden auf Grundlage einer bundesweiten Umfrage der Antidiskriminierungsstelle des Bundes zu Beschwerdestellen nach § 13 Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (AGG) an Hochschulen in Deutschland entwickelt. Für jeden Baustein werden aktuelle Beispiele von Praxismaßnahmen an Hochschulen präsentiert, die zeigen, wie Diskriminierungsschutz an Hochschulen konkret umgesetzt werden kann.
Research literature on women of color in undergraduate engineering education : A systematic thematic synthesis
Autor/in:
Ong, Maria; Jaumot‐Pascual, Nuria; Ko, Lily T.
Quelle: J. Eng. Educ. (Journal of Engineering Education), 109 (2020) 3, S 581–615
Inhalt: Background: To address social disparities and generate an innovative workforce, engineering higher education should provide learning environments that benefit students from all backgrounds. However, because engineering programs are not enrolling or retaining women of color at demographic parity, a better understanding of these students’ experiences is needed to develop effective interventions.
Purpose: This study analyzes research on women of color in undergraduate engineering education to determine what influences their experiences, participation, and advancement. We identify challenges to and strategies for persistence and present recommendations for engineering institutions to create interventions that support women of color and mitigate institutional inequities.
Scope/Method: Using the snowballing method, we identified 65 empirical studies published between 1999 and 2015 that met the criteria for this review. These studies represented qualitative, mixed-methods, and quantitative methodologies from various fields. We conducted a systematic thematic synthesis, informed by frames of intersectionality, critical race theory, and community cultural wealth.
Conclusions: Women of color use navigational strategies to address the social pain of race and gender inequity in engineering education. Institutions should take responsibility for generating a sense of belonging for women of color and provide social and structural supports that increase self-efficacy, address social pain, and improve retention.
Schlagwörter:Ingenieurwissenschaft; Intersektionalität; literature review; people of color; Studium; undergraduate; women of color
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Hochschulen, Studium und Studierende, Geschlechterverhältnis
The carelessness of entrepreneurial universities in a world risk society: a feminist reflection on the impact of Covid-19 in Australia
Autor/in:
Blackmore, Jill
Quelle: Higher Education Research & Development, 39 (2020) 7, S 1332–1336
Inhalt: In this reflective piece, I consider how the pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of Australian universities. I argue that government and university management have been careless of international students and academics and their health and wellbeing, with significant equity and long-term effects as to the role of the university in a democracy.
Casualised academic staff and the lecturer-student relationship: Shame, (Im)permanence and (Il)legitimacy
Autor/in:
Read, Barbara; Leathwood, Carole
Quelle: British Journal of Sociology of Education, 41 (2020) 4, S 539–554
Inhalt: This paper is based on findings from an email interview study with 20 academics (17 women, 3 men) in the UK on short-term, insecure or ‘casualised’ contracts. The paper focuses on their perceptions of the effect their contract status has on the lecturer/student relationship: particularly in regard to student perceptions of their legitimacy and status. Using a poststructuralist theoretical lens, we explore lecturers’ concerns or anxieties as to whether they may be interpreted as less legitimate than permanent staff; and the emotional labour involved in the work done to ‘cover’ for the difficulties that a lecturer’s contract status causes for the quality of their teaching content and organisation. We also explore the considerations of some participants to voluntarily ‘disclose’ their status to students and the possibilities of such acts as a form of resistance to dominant discourses of the legitimate academic.