Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2023)
Inhalt: In response to persistent systemic gendered and racial exclusions in the sciences, unconscious or implicit bias training is now widely established as an organizational intervention in Higher Education (HE). Recent systematic reviews have considered the efficacy of unconscious bias training (UBT) but not the wider characteristics and effects of the interventions themselves. Guided by feminist scholarship in critical psychology and post-structuralist discourse theory, this article critically examines UBT across STEMM and in HE institutions with a discursive analysis of published studies. Drawn from systematic searches in 4 databases, we identify three types of UBT reported in 22 studies with considerable variation in intervention types, target groups, and evaluation methods. Guided by limited cognitive problematizations of unconscious bias as a problem located inside individual minds, interventions follow established patterns in neoliberal governmentality and make available specific feeling rules and subject positions. These current Equality, Diversity & Inclusion practices present a new technology of power through which organizations may regulate affect and behavior but leave structural inequalities and barriers to inclusion intact.
Qualitätssicherung von Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen in der Wissenschaft: Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt StaRQ - Journal Netzwerk Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung NRW
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf zentrale Ergebnisse aus dem BMBF-geförderten Projekt StaRQ (2019-2023) und zeigt Perspektiven sowie ausgewählte Erkenntnisse zum Handlungsfeld Geschlechtersensibilisierung auf.
Support on the way to the top? The effect of organisational equal opportunities measures on women’s promotion prospects
Autor/in:
Wanger, Susanne
Quelle: IAB-Discussion Paper (IAB-Discussion Paper: Beiträge zum wissenschaftlichen Dialog aus dem Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung), 13 (2022)
Inhalt: Even though women have been able to increase their participation in management positions to a small extent in recent years, they are still significantly underrepresented in management positions. Organisational measures to promote gender equality and work-life balance are seen as an option to reduce inequalities between men and women. However, there are relatively few firms that have formalised organisational gender equality policies. Against this background, I examine whether organisational measures may increase women's career opportunities or promote the assumption of management positions on a part-time basis. This is investigated using a German Linked-Employer-Employee dataset (LIAB) from 2012 to 2016 and logistic panel regression models. The results show that the targeted promotion of women in particular improves their chances of promotion. However, this is not the case for mothers and their chances of achieving a part-time management position: these are lower when targeted promotion of women is practised in a firm. Measures to improve reconciliation, such as firm support for childcare or for employees with dependents in need of care, have a positive effect on advancement to management positions. The effect of family-friendly working conditions in a firm is heterogeneous: while women have lower chances of promotion, their chances of obtaining a management position with reduced working hours are higher. In contrast, a firm's membership in a family-friendly network has a negative effect on the career and promotion opportunities of women.
Quelle: Science (New York, N.Y.), 377 (2022) 6614, S 1492–1495
Inhalt: Funding agencies have ample room to improve their policies.
National research agencies are responsible for promoting excellent research that benefits all of society (1). Integrating sex, gender, and diversity analysis (SG&DA) into the design of research, where relevant, can improve research methodology, enhance excellence in science, and make research more responsive to social needs (2). National funding agencies—encouraged by scientists and social movements—have thus begun to implement policies to integrate sex, gender, and, more recently, diversity analysis into the grant proposal process, where these factors have been shown to play a role. We develop a five-part analytical framework for implementing and evaluating SG&DA policies, and use it to evaluate the quality of SG&DA policies for 22 major national funding agencies across six continents. By collecting emerging global practices for policy implementation, we seek to improve understanding of these policies and practices in efforts to enhance international collaborations and research excellence.
Schlagwörter:Forschungsförderung; gender analysis; research funding organisation
From Theory to Practice and Back: How the Concept of Implicit Bias was Implemented in Academe, and What this Means for Gender Theories of Organizational Change
Inhalt: Implicit bias is one of the most successful cases in recent memory of an academic concept being translated into practice. Its use in the National Science Foundation ADVANCE program—which seeks to promote gender equality in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) careers through institutional transformation—has raised fundamental questions about organizational change. How do advocates translate theories into practice? What makes some concepts more tractable than others? What happens to theories through this translation process? We explore these questions using the ADVANCE program as a case study. Using an inductive, theory-building approach and combination of computational and qualitative methods, we investigate how the concept of implicit bias was translated into practice through the ADVANCE program and identify five key features that made implicit bias useful as a change framework in the academic STEM setting. We find that the concept of implicit bias works programmatically because it is (1) demonstrable, (2) relatable, (3) versatile, (4) actionable, and (5) impartial. While enabling the concept’s diffusion, these characteristics also limit its scope. We reflect on implications for gender theories of organizational change and for practitioners.
Quelle: European Educational Research Journal, 16 (2017) 2-3, S 277–297
Inhalt: This paper discusses results of a research project on equal opportunities between women and men in the postdoctoral phase in German universities. It illustrates how the funding system is organized and whether this contributes to more equal opportunities for men and women, especially concerning the work–life interference. Although the system loses women after the doctorial phase, equal opportunity is not a core issue in the promotion of postdoctoral researchers in Germany. Instead, it tends to be addressed indirectly via an array of different compensatory support programmes. One key finding is that certain programmes, such as ‘coaching’, ‘networking’, ‘mentoring’ or financial support, are not offered everywhere, and therefore many postdoctoral researchers do not have the opportunity to utilize them. Furthermore, we found evidence of a gender-specific demand for support programmes. Another finding was that work–life interferences in scientific careers are not addressed by support programmes. The organization of everyday life is not taken into account. Given the context of uncertain career paths in Germany and the unequal working conditions of women and men in academia in Germany, it becomes clear that equal opportunities cannot be realized by ignoring the informal and gendered handling of work-life-balance.
Von der Frauenförderung zum Gleichstellungsmanagement? : Professionalisierung der Gleichstellungsarbeit an Hochschulen
Autor/in:
Vollmer, Lina
Quelle: Wissenschaftsmanagement : Zeitschrift für Innovation, Jg. 19 (2013) H. 2, S. 34-37
Inhalt: "Vor dem Hintergrund der Implementierung neuer Steuerungsmechanismen steht seit einigen Jahren die Professionalisierung des Hochschulmanagements im Fokus der Hochschulforschung. Obwohl die Gleichstellungsarbeit zunehmend als Teil des Hochschulmanagements gesehen wird, wurden Gleichstellungsakteurinnen in den Studien nicht berücksichtigt. Dabei hat sich gerade in diesem Bereich sehr viel getan." (Autorenreferat)
Frauenförderung zwischen heterogenen Logiken : der Fall eines Nachwuchsförderprogramms in der deutschen Exzellenzinitiative
Titelübersetzung:Promotion of women between heterogeneous logics : the case of a postdocprogram in German Excellence Initiative
Autor/in:
Petschick, Grit; Schmidt, Robert J.; Norkus, Maria
Quelle: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Vol. 39 (2013) Iss. 2, S. 383-404
Inhalt: "Nach Maßgabe neuer förderpolitischer Instrumente muss die Universität bei der Ausbildung wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses wissenschaftlichen und gleichstellungspolitischen Anforderungen gerecht werden, da die weithin bekannten Probleme von Frauen in dieser Phase reduziert werden sollen. Der Beitrag untersucht in einer Fallanalyse die Frauenfördermaßnahmen im Nachwuchsprogramm eines naturwissenschaftlichen Clusters, das im Rahmen der Exzellenzinitiative in Deutschland entstand. Gezeigt wird, dass diese Maßnahmen durch sich beständig verändernde Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Logiken Gleichstellung und Wissenschaft und den organisationalen Strukturen teilweise zu unintendierten Konsequenzen für die Karrieren der geförderten Frauen führen" (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "New instruments of promotion policy enforce scientific and equality policy requirements on to the training of postdoc researchers in the universities, with the intention of reducing the wellknown difficulties of women in this phase. The paper presents a case-study, which analyses the measures to promote women within the junior researcher program of a natural sciences cluster, founded in the German Excellence Initiative. It is shown that these measures sometimes lead toparadoxical consequences for the careers of the women enrolled, due to the constantly changing interplay between the logics of science and equality, and the organizational structures." (author's abstract)
Gilt Frauenförderung bei Studierenden als unfair? : eine Befragung zur Akzeptanz von Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen bei Studierenden in Deutschland und der Schweiz
Titelübersetzung:Do graduate students consider affirmative action for women as unfair? : a survey of acceptance of affirmative action with graduate students in Germany and Switzerland
Autor/in:
Fellenberg, Franziska
Quelle: Gender : Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, Jg. 3 (2011) H. 1, S. 117-125
Inhalt: "In einer Online-Befragung wurden Studierenden in Deutschland und der Schweiz drei Szenarien mit Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen vorgelegt. Die geschilderten Maßnahmen richteten sich an a) Studierende mit Migrationshintergrund, b) Studierende mit Kind und c) weibliche Studierende. Die teilnehmenden Personen wurden nach ihren Einstellungen zu diesen Maßnahmen befragt. Studierende in der Schweiz zeigten eine deutlich höhere Teilnahmebereitschaft als Studierende in Deutschland. Personen, die zur Zielgruppe einer Maßnahme gehörten, beurteilten diese positiver als Personen, die nicht dazugehörten. Unabhängig von der eigenen Gruppenzugehörigkeit wurde die Maßnahme für weibliche Studierende als unfairer eingeschätzt als die Maßnahmen, die sich an andere Zielgruppen richteten." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In an online survey, graduate students from Germany and Switzerland were presented with three scenarios involving affirmative action. The measures described were aimed at a) graduate students with a migration background, b) graduate students with a child and c) female graduate students. The participants were asked about their attitudes towards these measures. Graduate students in Switzerland showed a clear higher willingness to participate than graduate students in Germany. Persons who belong to the target group of a measure assessed the measure more positive than persons who did not. The measure for female graduate students was perceived as more unfair than measures for other groups, independently from the participant's own group membership." (author's abstract)
Von der Frauenförderung über Gender Mainstreaming zum Diversity Management?
Titelübersetzung:From women's advancement to gender mainstreaming to diversity management?
Autor/in:
Mense, Lisa
Quelle: Der pädagogische Blick : Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis in pädagogischen Berufen, Jg. 18 (2010) H. 2, S. 82-94
Inhalt: Nachdem in der gleichstellungspolitischen Praxis mit dem Einzug der Strategie des Gender Mainstreamings ein tiefgreifender Wandel der bis dahin betriebenen Frauenförderpolitik einherging, lässt sich aktuell ein weiterer grundlegender Wechsel beobachten, nämlich eine Verschiebung von 'gender' zu 'diversity' (Frey 2007). Diese Verschiebung findet ihren Ausdruck in einer zunehmenden Parallelisierung der Begriffe in der Praxis zu 'Gender Diversity' oder ' Gender & Diversity'. Der Aufsatz greift diese Entwicklungen auf und befasst sich vor allem aus einer gleichstellungspolitischen Perspektive mit der Frage, welche Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten den Konzepten von Gender Mainstreaming und Diversity Management zugrunde liegen. Dazu werden zunächst die Entstehungskontexte und Grundlagen des Gender Mainstreamings nachgezeichnet und daran anschließend wird das Konzept des Diversity Managements in den Blick genommen. Welche Chancen und Risiken die Zusammenführung dieser beiden Konzepte für die geschlechterpolitische Gleichstellungspraxis beinhalten, wird abschließend diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Inhalt: "With the introduction of gender mainstreaming as a new strategy for gender equality a radical change in the once practiced policy of promoting women was instituted. Currently a further fundamental change can be observed, namely a shift from 'gender' to 'diversity' (Frey 2007). This shift is reflected in the increasingly common practice of using the two terms together: 'Gender Diversity' and 'Gender and Diversity.' This paper deals with these developments by looking into the differences and similarities in the concepts of gender mainstreaming and diversity management from the perspective of the equality of gender. For this purpose the historical Background and the basic principles of gender mainstreaming will be traced before the concept of diversity management is taken into consideration. In conclusion, the opportunities and risks of the integration of these two approaches for the practice of gender equality will be discussed." (author's abstract, IAB-Doku)