Female bodies adrift: violation of the female bodies in becoming a subject in the western media
Autor/in:
Parikka, Tuija
Quelle: Media and Communication, 6 (2018) 2, S 158-167
Inhalt: This article focuses on how the violation of female bodies in the case of mass harassment of women is rendered intelligible by the Western media and the refugees. Violation of female bodies is approached as a site for politicizing possibilities of becoming a subject in the Western media. Informed by Deleuzian notion of "becoming" and the subjectivation of the refugees, I argue that the understanding of "violation" is a central component in contributing to possibilities of becoming affirmed as a subject in the Western media. Empirical material subjected to critical text analysis includes a key text form the Finnish daily newspaper Helsingin Sanomat and refugee interviews. The analysis suggests that the repression of irreducible conceptions of "violation", and the subsequent erasure of the uncertainty of a "self" in the process of becoming, yields to offering possibilities of becoming primarily in Western terms and the affirmation of Western ideological certainty in understanding mass harassment of European women by the refugees.
Schlagwörter:westliche Welt; Western world; Medien; media; woman; Körper; body; Subjektivität; subjectivity; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; Flüchtling; refugee; Rechtsverletzung; violation of the law
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Kommunikationswissenschaften, Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kriminalsoziologie, Rechtssoziologie, Kriminologie
Sexual harassment in Egypt: an old plague in a new revolutionary order
Titelübersetzung:Sexuelle Belästigung in Ägypten: eine alte Plage in einer neuen revolutionären Ordnung
Autor/in:
Hammad, Hanan
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 1, S 44-63
Inhalt: "Sexuelle Belästigung in Ägypten: eine alte Plage in einer neuen revolutionären Ordnung Der Beitrag analysiert das Phänomen der sexuellen Belästigung in Ägypten in einem sich kontinuierlich wandelnden soziopolitischen Kontext und argumentiert, dass zu einer umfassenden Analyse der ägyptischen Revolution zwingend auch ein Verständnis für den breiteren soziopolitischen Kontext notwendig ist, der seit dem 19. Jahrhundert zu einer Kultur der Frauenfeindlichkeit und sexueller Gewalt beigetragen hat. Sexuelle Belästigung tritt in unterschiedlichen Formen auf und sexuelle Gewalt wird in verschiedener Intensität ausgeübt, auch sind die Gründe, in denen sie wurzeln, im Verlauf der Geschichte nicht immer dieselben. Basierend auf Archivrecherche, persönlicher Beobachtung und Interviews mit Aktivistinnen wird gezeigt, wie sich sexuelle Belästigung verstärkt und in Gewalt gewandelt hat und wie dies durch den harten Kurs der staatlichen Sicherheitspolitik und neoliberalen Maßnahmen verursacht wurde." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The article aims at analyzing sexual harassment in Egypt in changing sociopolitical contexts at various times; I argue that no analysis of the Egyptian revolution is complete without an understanding of these broad sociopolitical conditions that have contributed to the culture of anti-women and sexual violence since the 19th century. I am not suggesting that sexual harassment always took the same form and was practiced with the same level of violence, or even rooted in the same reason(s) throughout that long period of history. Based on archival research, personal observations and intensive interviews with activists I show how sexual harassment increased in violence caused by the state's heavy-handed security and neoliberal policies." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Ägypten; Egypt; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; sexueller Missbrauch; sexual abuse; Frauenfeindlichkeit; mysogyny; kulturelle Faktoren; cultural factors; politischer Wandel; political change; sozialer Wandel; social change; Frauenbewegung; women's movement; Körper; body; arabische Länder; Arab countries; Nordafrika; North Africa; Tahrir
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
Quelle: Pakistan Administrative Review, 1 (2017) 3, S 159-174
Inhalt: Women are traditionally considered to be confined within the four walls of their houses in the developing countries. They are still unable to play an active role in the development of society. They are striving to make their identity as an integral part of the society. Being a member of conservative developing society, women are still facing many hindrances, causing stressful situation for them, which prohibits them to participate actively in the economic development. This paper attempts to explore the critical factors creating stress among Pakistani working women. Based on literature review, the key stressors were identified to be as work life balance, gender discrimination, peers’ behaviour, lack of promotional opportunities and sexual harassment. These factors were found to be creating physiological, behavioural and psychological problems. The target of this study was the women working in secretarial and administrative positions in Pakistani organisations. Regression analysis was conducted to find out the impact of these stressors on working women. The results revealed that sexual harassment, peers’ behaviour and lack of promotional opportunities were the most dominant stressors.
Harassment Act Implementation in Higher Education Institutions
Autor/in:
Yousaf, Rizwana; Schmiede, Rudi
Quelle: Open Journal of Leadership, 5 (2016) , S 8-19
Inhalt: "Effective implementation of harassment Act might be inevitable to acquiring gender equality in higher education institutions and diminishing the influence of patriarchal and conservative mind
set. This study intended to explore implementation of the harassment Act (2010) in universities. Although Government of Pakistan has enforced harassment Act and Higher Education Commission
(HEC) made it mandatory to implement, none of the university in the sample has implemented it.
Various incidence of harassment has been reported by study participants and in certain cases, victims
are asked to resign the jobs as they refuse or fail to comply with the drives of male colleagues and heads. Lack of state and organizational control leads women to be silent and tolerant of harassment
and ultimately, it encourages perpetrator to continue the derogatory behaviour." (author's abstract)
Underrepresentation of women at academic excellence and position of power: role of harassment and glass ceiling
Autor/in:
Yousaf, Rizwana; Schmiede, Rudi
Quelle: Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (2016) 2, S 173-185
Inhalt: The study intends to comprehend the underrepresentation of women on positions of power and
academic excellence in academia. The study explained the role of exploitation and harassment,
which might hinder, when women were trying to climb to top hierarchical position. The majority
of women supervised by male heads, sexual harassment could be used as a glass ceiling to hamper
women to reach top hierarchal level. The majority participants were working on lower academic
and administrative hierarchy; they were experiencing harassment throughout the hierarchical
level. Similarly, they considered that harassment could contribute to the underrepresentation of
women at academic excellence and a position of power.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 46, S 1-13
Inhalt: Women workers are found in certain activities traditionally falling within the male domain. This is particularly the case for landless women who largely belong to the hardcore poor group. It indicates growing economic pressure and erosion of familial support and traditional beliefs and norms regarding women's outside work. With the Bangladesh economy’s heavy dependence on imports Chittagong has traditionally played a very important role in the trading sectors and industrial centre of the country and also commercial capital of Bangladesh which is going through a massive phase of construction of new structures. The study employed triangulation method as a research strategy. The objective of the study is to know the reasons of internal migrations and conditions of female construction workers of Chittagong city. A good number of rural women are involved at urban construction work in Chittagong city where they faces different harmful condition like as long working hour, less salary, lack of women rights, sexual harassment, food expenditure, low health condition, hard working etc. From this rational discussion this papers examine internal migration and the condition of migrant female construction works in Chittagong city.
Schlagwörter:Bangladesch; Bangladesh; Binnenwanderung; internal migration; Migration; migration; Baugewerbe; construction industry; Arbeiter; worker; woman; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; Stadt; town; Einkommen; income; Arbeitszeit; working hours; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; Menschenrechte; human rights; Armut; poverty
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Arbeitswelt, soziale Probleme
Quelle: Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18 (2015) 4, S 197-202
Inhalt: From the oversexualized characters in fighting games, such as Dead or Alive or Ninja Gaiden, to the overuse of the damsel in distress trope in popular titles, such as the Super Mario series, the under- and misrepresentation of females in video games has been well documented in several content analyses. Cultivation theory suggests that long-term exposure to media content can affect perceptions of social realities in a way that they become more similar to the representations in the media and, in turn, impact one's beliefs and attitudes. Previous studies on video games and cultivation have often been cross-sectional or experimental, and the limited longitudinal work in this area has only considered time intervals of up to 1 month. Additionally, previous work in this area has focused on the effects of violent content and relied on self-selected or convenience samples composed mostly of adolescents or college students. Enlisting a 3 year longitudinal design, the present study assessed the relationship between video game use and sexist attitudes, using data from a representative sample of German players aged 14 and older (N=824). Controlling for age and education, it was found that sexist attitudes—measured with a brief scale assessing beliefs about gender roles in society—were not related to the amount of daily video game use or preference for specific genres for both female and male players. Implications for research on sexism in video games and cultivation effects of video games in general are discussed.
Schlagwörter:Längsschnittuntersuchung; longitudinal study; Computerspiel; computer game; Sexismus; sexism; Cultivation Theory; cultivation theory; Federal Republic of Germany; Jugendlicher; adolescent; junger Erwachsener; young adult; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Messung; measurement; Einstellung; attitude; CATI; computer-assisted telephone interview; soziale Wirklichkeit; social reality; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; Wirkungsanalyse; impact analysis; Beeinflussbarkeit; influenceability
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialpsychologie
Equality between men and women: challenges to Croatian legislation
Autor/in:
Vasiljević, Snježana
Quelle: Croatian accession to the European Union. Vol. 1, Economic and legal challenges. Zagreb, 2003, S 273-290
Inhalt: Reform of the Croatian legal system and the adjustment of its legislation to EU law is one of the main conditions for the Republic of Croatia to be able to join the Union. This paper analyses the existing requirements for gender equality inside the EU, the current situation in the applicant countries and the existing problems and challenges for states that are only on the way towards European integration. In the Republic of Croatia gender equality is not guaranteed to a sufficient
extent, which has resulted in negative public reactions from NGOs and organisations for the protection of human rights and the rights of women. In addition, individuals are exposed everyday to various forms of sexual harassment in the workplace, in schools, universities and public places. So far, except at the constitutional level, no kind of legal approach has been adopted to guarantee gender equality or freedom of sexual orientation, which is an obligation of Croatia according to international treaties and the SAA.
Schlagwörter:EU; legislation; Croatia; Gender Mainstreaming; Gleichstellung; Chancengleichheit; Gesetzgebung; Europarat; Mann; woman; Council of Europe; sexual harassment; Recht; europäische Integration; equal opportunity; affirmative action; gender mainstreaming; man; law; European integration; Kroatien; sexuelle Belästigung; EU; gender equality; sexual orientation; equal opportunities principle; equal procedure principle; sexual harassment; European Union; Copenhagen criteria; Council of Europe; Stabilisation and Association Agreement; European Community Treaty; acquis communautaire
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Recht, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Die Bedeutung der physischen Gewalt für die Reproduktion des Geschlechterverhältnisses
Titelübersetzung:The meaning of physical violence for the reproduction of the relationship between the genders
Autor/in:
Smaus, Gerlinda
Quelle: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie (DGS); Rehberg, Karl-Siegbert; Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie "Differenz und Integration; Opladen, 1997. S 505-509
Inhalt: "Ergebnisse zahlreicher empirischer Untersuchungen über die Anwendung physischer Gewalt durch Männer gegenüber Frauen (und Kindern) zeigen, daß es keinen Ort und keine Zeit gibt, in der Frauen nicht mit Bedrohung ihrer physischen (und psychischen) Integrität rechnen müßten. In der Tat steht die Bedrohung, nicht die faktische Gewaltausübung, im Vordergrund, weil sie ein Aspekt ist, unter dem Frauen ihre gesamte Lebensplanung, ihren Beruf, ihr schlichtes Erscheinen auf bestimmten Plätzen zu bestimmten Zeiten mitberücksichtigen müssen. Täglich erfahren sie, daß Vergewaltigungen geschehen, daß Frauen in Ehen mißhandelt werden, daß Frauen sexuellen Übergriffen auf dem Arbeitsplatz ausgesetzt sind. Diese faktische Bedrohtheit wird durch eine Bedrohung zweiten Grades unterstützt, nämlich die, daß Frauen, die Opfer einer gewalttätigen Handlung geworden sind, dafür verantwortlich gemacht werden. Diese Schuldzuschreibung für Handlungen von gewalttätigen Männern durch Organe sozialer Kontrolle bildet das zweite hervorstechende Ergebnis der empirischen Untersuchungen. Ausgehend von diesen Feststellungen wird die Frage nach der Bedeutung der physischen Gewalt gestellt. Der Gebrauch der physischen Gewalt wird zunächst als ein strukturelles Merkmal des Frauenlebens und nicht als eine individuelle Pathologie gedeutet (Galtung). Die Tatsache, daß die faktische Ausübung der Gewalt an einigen Frauen als Inszenierung ihrer Existenz gegenüber allen Frauen gedeutet werden kann, enthüllt, daß sie eine Ressource für die Durchsetzung der Macht von Männern ist, d.h. die Grundlage einer illegalen Herrschaft bildet (Weber gegen Weber). Daß ihr 'privater' Gebrauch von Verwaltern der angeblich vom Staate monopolisierten physischen Gewalt nicht sanktioniert wird, zeigt, daß sie einen quasi-legalen Charakter hat (Luhmann gegen Luhmann). Den Ertrag der Anwendung der physischen Gewalt durch Männer für Männer haben wir im ersten Satz beschrieben: der symbolische Raum von Frauen soll vergleichsweise bescheiden bleiben." (Autorenreferat)
