Underrepresentation of women at academic excellence and position of power: role of harassment and glass ceiling
Autor/in:
Yousaf, Rizwana; Schmiede, Rudi
Quelle: Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (2016) 2, S 173-185
Inhalt: The study intends to comprehend the underrepresentation of women on positions of power and
academic excellence in academia. The study explained the role of exploitation and harassment,
which might hinder, when women were trying to climb to top hierarchical position. The majority
of women supervised by male heads, sexual harassment could be used as a glass ceiling to hamper
women to reach top hierarchal level. The majority participants were working on lower academic
and administrative hierarchy; they were experiencing harassment throughout the hierarchical
level. Similarly, they considered that harassment could contribute to the underrepresentation of
women at academic excellence and a position of power.
A unique indigenous justice delivery system of tribes of eastern Himalayan region of India
Autor/in:
Shukla, Kshitiz Kumar; Bhagawati, Kaushik; Jini, Doni; Sen, Amit
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 59, S 56-60
Inhalt: Almost all the tribes across the world have their own indigenous concept of rules, regulation and grievance redress system developed with the evolution of the community to maintain peace, justice and harmony. The indigenous people takes law as a way of life and understand it through experience and interactions. The objective of the current research was to study one unique justice delivery system to address non-criminal cases that cannot be dealt with normal procedure due to lack of evidence, witness and formal proof. The system is prevailing among the tribes of eastern Himalayan region of India. The phenomenological approach was used to study the system as it is in situ. The justice is delivered on the basis of unique system of decision making between two alternatives based on the shape of chicken liver. Involvement of spirituality and spirit make the system acceptable to both the complainant and defendant. The unique characteristic of the system is that it does not penalize the loser, instead the court pray for them and bless them for abiding the decision of the court in presence of the spirit. The justice delivery system aims to maintain harmony in the society as well as save the face of both the loser and winner. In the present system, the justice delivered may be not the just decision, but the loser accepts the decision considering it as the command of the god and spirit without keeping any grudges against the winner. The system demands participation of whole village irrespective of gender and ages, with fundamental aim of preserving the custom and hand down to the next generation.
Influence of migration in women emancipation: case study from Kosovan Albanian diaspora
Autor/in:
Dushi, Mimoza
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 58, S 91-103
Inhalt: In many undeveloped Mediterranean countries with few occupational possibilities, international migration from late 1960's become a matter of government policy, frequently through bilateral agreements for guest workers. Initially part of these agreements were only men, who migrated toward European counties as seasonal workers. This type of migration created attitudes among the Albanian population in Kosovo that international migrations are mainly for men. However, being in such places with high employment opportunities, profits and life standard, many of them decided to continue living in host countries, bringing thus their family members along. This move gave the to the Kosovar Albanian women opportunity to become part of host societies and possibility to Albanian population to understand that migration as a right which belong to both genders' equally.Initially, migrated women who joined their husbands came mainly from rural and low educated families and were personally and mentally unprepared for a new life in an alien environment. Even though their integration into host societies was challenge for them, we argue that migration has affected their status and family life, as well. By entering into a wage earning production process they become more independent and active in family decision processes, families became egalitarian, relations between family members became more open and their social networks were expanding. Additionally, recent female migrants are more open into integration processes. They are showing interest for involvement into labor market and educational processes, meaning that beside job, they tend to ensure the position at profession, as well.These criteria of emancipation we will prove by using ethnographic research technique, which implies the collection and analysis of detailed in-depth interviews (life stories) of Kosovan Albanian migrants in Germany and Switzerland. By women’s narratives, through which they express themselves, will draw a conclusion about integration strategies and way of living in host societies. While, the husbands and children’s narratives will be used to prove the changes in their family life.
"Inside" and "outside" of what or where? Researching migration through multi-positionalities
Titelübersetzung:Inside oder outside von was? Erforschung von Migration aus multiplen Positionalitäten
Autor/in:
Ryan, Louise
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 16 (2015) 2, 17 S
Inhalt: Dieser Beitrag basiert auf meinen langjährigen Erfahrungen in der qualitativen Forschung und nutzt das Konzept der "multiplen Positionalitäten", um die Beständigkeit der Positionalität, welche die Konstruktion von "Insider" versus "Outsider" im Forschungsprozess untermauert, infrage zu stellen. Während der Status als "Insider" normalerweise mit einer geteilten Ethnizität/Nationalität in Verbindung gebracht wird, hat die Migrationsforschung darauf gedrängt, die Grenzen der "ethnischen Linse" zu überwinden (AMELINA & FAIST 2012; Glick Schiller & Çaglar 2009). Ich behaupte, dass Migrant/innen nicht einfach in fixe, ethnische "Insider"-Kategorien eingeteilt werden können; stattdessen ist es aufschlussreicher zu untersuchen, wie sich Identitäten durch den Migrationsprozess verändern. In diesem Beitrag betrachte ich eine Reihe von Begegnungen während meiner Forschungsarbeiten mit Migrantinnen in London. Indem ich die Begegnungen mit Migrantinnen aus Irland und Polen vergleiche und gegenüberstelle, reflektiere ich darüber, wie Empathie durch die dynamischen Rhythmen von Positionalitäten -Gender, Alter, beruflicher und elterlicher Status, Migrationserfahrung sowie Nationalität- verhandelt werden. Auf diese Weise berücksichtige ich die Herausforderungen, aber auch Möglichkeiten, innerhalb der migrantischen Bevölkerung zu forschen und zeige, wie dies einen Ansatz anregen könnte, der den Rahmen der "ethnischen Linse" überwindet. (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: Drawing upon my long experience of qualitative migration research, this article uses the concept of "multiple positionalities", to challenge the fixity of positionality underpinning constructions of "insiders" versus "outsiders" in the research process. While "insider" status is usually associated with shared ethnicity/ nationality, migration studies have been urged to go beyond the ethnic lens (Amelina & Faist, 2012; Glick Schiller & Çaglar, 2009). I argue that migrants cannot be neatly contained within fixed "insider" ethnic categories; instead it is more illuminating to consider how identities are re-constructed through migration. In this contribution I use moments from a range of research studies with migrant women in London. In comparing and contrasting my encounters with these migrants, who come from Ireland and Poland, I critically reflect upon how empathy and rapport were negotiated through dynamic rhythms of positionalities-gender, age, professional and parental status and migratory experience, as well as nationality. In so doing, I consider the challenges but also the opportunities of researching within as well as across migrant populations and how this may inform an attempt to go beyond the ethnic lens. (author's abstract)
Researching coethnic migrants: privileges and puzzles of "Insiderness"
Titelübersetzung:Erforschung koethnischer Migrant/innen: Privilegien und Herausforderungen der Insider-Position
Autor/in:
Moroşanu, Laura
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 16 (2015) 2, 18 S
Inhalt: In diesem Beitrag reflektiere ich Forschungserfahrungen mit Migrant/innen derselben ethnischen Herkunft in London, um das Verständnis von "Insiderness", verstanden als geteilte ethnische Zugehörigkeit, sowie die Nützlichkeit der Unterscheidung von Insider/Outsider in der Migrationsforschung infrage zu stellen. Hierzu nutze ich Beispiele aus einer Studie zu sozialen Beziehungen unter Migrant/innen, um zu demonstrieren, wie Geschlecht, der migrantische Status und die berufliche Stellung oft die Begegnungen während des Forschungsprozesses stärker beeinflussen als eine gemeinsame Ethnizität. Während eine geteilte Ethnizität in einigen Momenten unzweifelhaft nützlich sein kann, können ethnisierte Diskurse und Praktiken von Teilnehmenden ebenso Gefühle der Distanz bei den Forschenden hervorrufen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Kritik der "ethnischen Verzerrung" beleuchtet die Analyse der Forschungssituationen, wie ethnische Faktoren einerseits und nicht-ethnische Faktoren andererseits sich gegenseitig beeinflussen und Empfindungen von "Insiderness" oder "Outsiderness" in spezifischen Forschungskontexten hervorrufen. (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: This article reflects on fieldwork experiences with coethnic migrants in London to challenge understandings of insiderness centred in shared ethnicity, as well as the usefulness of the insider-outsider divide in migration research more generally. Drawing on examples from a study of migrants' social relations, it shows how gender, migrant status, and occupational position sometimes shape research encounters in more important ways than shared ethnicity. Furthermore, whilst shared ethnicity is undoubtedly useful in certain respects, participants' ethnicised discourses and practices may also generate feelings of distance in the coethnic researcher. Whilst supporting the "ethnic bias" critique to migration studies (Glick Schiller, Çağlar & Gulbrandsen, 2006), the analysis thus highlights how both ethnic and non-ethnic factors alternate or interact to create perceptions of insiderness or outsiderness in specific research contexts. (author's abstract)
SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie, Migration
Die Verwaltung der Prostitution: eine vergleichende Studie am Beispiel deutscher, polnischer und tschechischer Kommunen
Autor/in:
Pates, Rebecca; Schmidt, Daniel
Quelle: Bielefeld (Gender Studies), 2015. 234 S
Inhalt: Prostitution wird häufig als moralisches oder rechtliches Problem diskutiert. Sie ist aber auch eine Herausforderung für die (lokale) Verwaltung: Polizisten bekämpfen Menschenhandel, Gesundheitsämter fürchten um die öffentliche Hygiene, Ordnungsbehörden mahnen Kunden auf dem Straßenstrich ab, Bauämter überwachen die Einrichtung von Bordellen, Vereine betreiben Aufklärung und HIV-Prävention. Auf welches Wissen sie dabei zurückgreifen und wie sie die Subjekte ihres Tuns herstellen - das zeigt diese staatsethnografische Studie erstmals am Beispiel deutscher, polnischer und tschechischer Kommunen.
Schlagwörter:politisch-administratives System; political administrative system; Körper; body; gender; Kommunalpolitik; local politics; Menschenhandel; slave trade; Politikwissenschaft; political science; Politik; politics; Prostitution; prostitution; Recht; law; Kultur; culture; Sexualität; sexuality; Verwaltung; administration; Local Affairs
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Kriminalsoziologie, Rechtssoziologie, Kriminologie
Titelübersetzung:Arbeit und Männlichkeit im Kleinbergbau Katangas
Autor/in:
Cuvelier, Jeroen
Quelle: Africa Spectrum, 49 (2014) 2, S 3-26
Inhalt: "Dieser Beitrag basiert auf 16-monatiger ethnologischer Feldforschung in den Jahren 2005 bis 2012 und untersucht die Beziehung zwischen der Arbeit von Minenarbeitern (creuseurs), die in der Provinz Katanga im Südosten der Demokratischen Republik Kongo handwerklichen Bergbau betreiben, und ihren Vorstellungen von Männlichkeit. Der Autor argumentiert, die Beteiligung von Männern am Kleinbergbau könne nicht nur als wirtschaftliche Überlebensstrategie interpretiert werden, sondern auch als Versuch, vor dem Hintergrund der ökonomischen Krise und eines Wandels der Geschlechterbeziehungen mit neuen Formen männlicher Existenz zu experimentieren. Er kritisiert die Tendenz, die Vielfältigkeit der Prozesse männlicher Identitätsbildung in den vom Kleinbergbau geprägten Regionen Afrikas zu unterschätzen. Um der Komplexität dieser Prozesse gerecht zu werden, schlägt er vor, Konzepte und Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Bereich der Männlichkeitsforschung einzubeziehen und zudem zwischen einem egalisierenden und einem differenzierenden Trend in der maskulinen Lebenspraxis der Bergarbeiter zu unterscheiden." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article, based on 16 months of anthropological fieldwork between 2005 and 2012, examines the relationship between work and masculinity among artisanal miners, or creuseurs, in Katanga, the southeastern province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It argues that men's involvement in artisanal mining should be considered not only as an economic survival strategy but also as an attempt to experiment with new ways of being a man in a context of economic crisis and changing gender relations. Furthermore, the article criticizes the tendency to downplay or underestimate the complexity and diversity of processes of masculine identity construction in Africa's artisanal-mining areas. In order to do justice to the intricacy of these processes, the article proposes using concepts and insights from the field of masculinity studies and distinguishing between a levelling and a differentiating trend in artisanal miners' masculinity practices." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Bergmann; Arbeit; handicraft trade; Identitätsbildung; Afrika südlich der Sahara; Handwerk; Africa; Bergbau; labor; man; Afrika; masculinity; Demokratische Republik Kongo; mining; Central Africa; identity formation; Zentralafrika; Mann; Geschlechterverhältnis; French-speaking Africa; Entwicklungsland; Democratic Republic of the Congo; miner; Männlichkeit; Africa South of the Sahara; developing country; frankophones Afrika
SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Wirtschaftssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wirtschaftssektoren
Reinventing significance: reflections on recent whiteness studies in Zimbabwe
Autor/in:
Pilossof, Rory
Quelle: Africa Spectrum, 49 (2014) 3, S 135-148
Inhalt: Review Article: 1. Josephine Lucy Fisher (2010), Pioneers, Settlers, Aliens, Exiles: The Decolonisation of White Identity in Zimbabwe. Canberra: Australian National Univ. Press, ISBN 978-1-921-66614-8. 2. David McDermott Hughes (2010), Whiteness in Zimbabwe: Race, Landscape, and the Problem of Belonging. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-230-62143-5. 3. Kate Victoria Law (2012), Writing White Women: Whiteness, Gender, Politics and Power in Rhodesia, c.1950s-1980s, Ph.D. thesis, University of Sheffield.