Inhalt: Gegenwärtig engagieren sich Vertreter*innen ganz unterschiedlicher - teils konträrer - politischer Lager gegen sexualisierte Gewalt. Dieser Artikel fragt danach, welche Positionierungen in diesem Anliegen konflikthaft aufeinandertreffen, auf welchem Wissen diese beruhen und wie ein kulturanthropologischer Beitrag in diesem politischen Feld aussehen könnte.

Schlagwörter:Femonationalismus; Anti-Rassismus; Feminismus; sexualisierte Gewalt

SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/hjk/article/view/1734/15...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: The historical juncture of the 1840s to 1860s witnessed three developments: first, the introduction of the new means of communication (steamships and railways); second, new industrial and plantation investments in and outside of India, creating demand for labour; and third, the expansion of a print culture that went beyond the urban elite domain to reflect the world of small towns and villages. In this constellation of social, economic, and technological changes, this article looks at the idea of home, construction of womanhood and the interlaced lifecycles of migrant men and non-migrant women in a period of Indian history marked by “circulation”. Moving away from the predominant focus on migrant men, the article attempts to recreate the social world of non-migrant women left behind in the villages of northern and eastern India. While engaging with the framework of circulation, the article calls for it to be redesigned to allow histories of mobility and immobility, male and female and villages and cities to appear in the same analytical field. Although migration has been reasonably well explored, the issue of marriage is inadequately addressed in South Asian migration studies. “Separated conjugality” is one aspect of this, and the displacement of young girls from their natal home to in-laws’ is another. Through the use of Bhojpuri folksongs, the article brings together migration and marriage as two important social events to understand the different but interlaced lifecycles of gendered (im)mobilities.

Schlagwörter:Indien; India; 19. Jahrhundert; nineteenth century; 20. Jahrhundert; twentieth century; ökonomischer Wandel; economic change; technischer Wandel; technological change; sozialer Wandel; social change; Migration; migration; gender-specific factors; Heimat; native country; Weiblichkeit; femininity; Ehe; marriage; soziale Beziehungen; social relations; Tradition; tradition; Gender; gender; woman; Dorf; village; Arbeitsmigration; labor migration; Mobilität; mobility; Lied; song; Südasien; South Asia; Circulation; Bhojpuri Folksongs

SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859018000184

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: In Austria, the Krampus has recently witnessed an unprecedented boom. Since the early 2000s, the number of troupes and organized events has skyrocketed. Most of these can be termed "invented traditions" in Hobsbawm’s sense, as there are only a handful of places with a history of the practice from before the mid-twentieth century. Despite the vast differences between regions, young men in all of them dress up in masks that invoke associations with the devil or demons, wear long fur suits and roam the streets scaring and attacking onlookers with the switches they carry. Investigating contemporary Krampus practices in rural Austria, we argue that they serve as important sources of identity making, at the centre of which are relations between men and women, as well as between ethnic Austrians and immigrants. Through an engagement with anthropological discussions on identity, our article will suggest that the recent Krampus boom is indicative of new forms of white identity.

Schlagwörter:masculinities; gender performances; violence; identity (re)production; invented traditions

SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-8-12311

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: "Untersuchungen über den 'Arabischen Frühling“ tendieren dazu, die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Bedürfnisse Jugendlicher zu fokussieren, adressieren jedoch nicht ihre sozialpsychologischen Bedürfnisse, wie etwa den unerfüllten Heiratswunsch und dessen soziale Konsequenzen. Der Beitrag diskutiert den Fall zölibatär lebender Frauen in Tunesien, für die es aufgrund der hohen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit und daraus folgender Probleme schwierig ist, Übergangsrituale zu durchlaufen, die sie von der Kindheit ins Erwachsenendasein geleiten und ihnen die vollständige Integration in die Gemeinschaft ermöglichen würden. Um in ihrer durch den diktatorischen Staat dominierten Lebenswelt dennoch Selbstkontrolle zu erlangen, haben sie für sich eine Form der asketischen Lebensführung gewählt, indem sie den hijab tragen, den Koran lesen, das tägliche Fasten praktizieren und die hudud neu verhandeln - also die moralischen und rechtlichen Grenzen, die schon lang Gegenstand breiter Debatten und sozialer Reformen sind; gleichzeitig unterstützen sie die Frauenrechte, so wie sie in Tunesiens Familienrecht verankert sind. Der Beitrag widmet sich besonders dem hierauf bezogenen politischen Diskurs im ‚Arabischen Frühling‘ seit 2011 und dem Bemühen, eine 'moralische Persönlichkeit' zu entwickeln." (Autorenreferat)

Inhalt: "Studies of the 'Arab Spring' have tended to focus on the economic and political needs of youth, but have not addressed socio-psychological needs such as an unfulfilled desire for marriage and its social consequences. This article discusses the case of celibate women in Tunisia who, because of the high rate of youth unemployment and its social consequences, find it difficult to accomplish the rites of passage that would take them from childhood to adulthood and allow full integration into the community. In order to gain control over the self in a social context that was dominated by a dictatorial state, they have chosen a form of asceticism, wearing the hijab, reading the Qur'an, practicing daily fasting, and re-negotiating hudud - that is moral boundaries and legal limits that have long been a subject of wide debate and of social reforms; at the same time, they support women's rights as expressed in Tunisia's Personal Status Code. Particular attention is paid in this article to the political discourse after 2011 and efforts to construct a 'moral personality.'" (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:Tunesien; Tunisia; woman; Ritual; ritual; Askese; asceticism; Lebensstil; life style; Religiosität; religiousness; Menschenrechte; human rights; Feminismus; feminism; Gleichheit; equality; Identität; identity; Emanzipation; emancipation; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; arabische Länder; Arab countries; Nordafrika; North Africa; Transformation; transformation; enthaltsame Frauen; Arabischer Frühling; Nahdha

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.3224/gender.v9i1.02

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: This paper discusses two differently gendered modes of evaluating the work of crewmembers in a Northern Javanese fishery, the first focusing on its outcome and the second on the work process itself. Both are familiar from the anthropological literature. In this literature, the relative weight attributed to each and the connection stipulated between them appears as a matter of theoretical choice. In a fishing village in northern Java, however, each mode of evaluating work appears as a gendered perspective, grounded in the different experiences and kinds of expertise acquired by male crewmembers on the boats and by their female relatives who manage household finances. The paper introduces each of these perspectives and then explores how they are shared through narratives and everyday interactions within crewmembers' households.

Schlagwörter:work; gender; fisheries; Southeast Asia; rhythm

SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-8-11754

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: This article aims to investigate the role and effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the daily lives of the Afghan and Pathan children and youth working on the streets. In this ethnographic research, 30 girls and boys, aged 12 to 16, were involved in the data generation. Three NGOs were selected in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. In this research, children and youth discussed that one of the NGOs is meeting the needs of education and other two NGOs are putting their efforts but to a limited extent. This investigation also revealed that none of the studied NGOs have focused on the work based learning and skills development, however contributing to a very limited scope. The studied group has valued the NGOs' consideration of respect and dignity aspects in their operations. It is concluded that NGOs need to plan comprehensively to play an effective role to improve the daily lives of their target groups such as children and youth working on the streets.

Schlagwörter:Organisationen; organizations; nichtstaatliche Organisation; non-governmental organization; Kind; child; Jugend; youth; Ethnographie; ethnography; Kinderarbeit; child labor; Bildung; education

SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Jugendsoziologie, Soziologie der Kindheit, Lehre und Studium, Professionalisierung und Ethik, Organisationen und Verbände der Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik, soziale Probleme

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-51851-3

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: "Nearly for half a century women's advancement in the workplace has been in a debate. Women’s under-represented in higher education institutions and universities across the globe, and especially in the most powerful or influential posts, is well established. Despite gender equality commitments and women's educational attainment, still, they are underrepresented. Regions and countries may vary in term of culture, achievements and development, but barriers for women's representation in academia are surprisingly similar in many regions. It is found that there are several barriers which women might be experiencing in academia ranging from personal, organizational to societal." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:women's employment; academic (female); discrimination; Akademikerin; Gleichstellung; Pakistan; power; university; Diskriminierung; Frauenanteil; equal opportunity; Südasien; deprivation; inequality; executive position; Stereotyp; Macht; Benachteiligung; Chancengleichheit; Universität; proportion of women; stereotype; woman; sociocultural factors; South Asia; soziokulturelle Faktoren; Führungsposition; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; Ungleichheit; Pakistan; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit

SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40856-017-0013-6

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: In this paper I discuss the work in Bangladesh's Ready-Made Garment industry by focussing on the work process itself, on the moralities surrounding it as well as the spatial and temporal structures framing it. My aim is to show how relations of authority, inequality, gender and class are made on the shop floors of the garment industry by managers, supervisors and the workers themselves and how this "making" is shaped by demands from global corporations, i.e. the ever faster and cheaper production of garments. These demands result in extraordinary intensive and long work-days and in the spatial arrangements allowing for the tight control of the workforce, which garment workers describe as "garment-time" and “garment-world”. I will argue that these notions of the industry's distinct world and time indicates its distinctly non-local, global character.

Schlagwörter:politics of production; garment industry; global dependency; morality; Bangladesh

SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-8-11771

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Die indigenen Dorfgemeinschaften in Peru und Ecuador haben aus Gründen der kulturellen Identität und weil der Staat nicht in der Lage ist, sie vor der verbreiteten Kriminalität zu schützen, ihre traditionellen Justizsysteme aufrechterhalten. Obwohl diese Gerichtsbarkeit verfassungsrechtlich anerkannt wurde, ist sie nach wie vor rechtlich und politisch umstritten. Die Konflikte entzünden sich im Wesentlichen an der Kompetenzabgrenzung zwischen den staatlichen und kommunalen Instanzen. Der Grund ist, dass es in beiden Ländern der Gesetzgeber bisher unterlassen hat, den jeweiligen Verfassungsaufträgen zu folgen und Gesetze zur Koordinierung der Justizsysteme zu erlassen. Angesichts der sozialen Bedeutung der indigenen Justiz als wichtigstes Instrument der interpersonalen Konfliktlösung und der Aufrechterhaltung des friedlichen Zusammenlebens in den dörflichen Gemeinschaften einerseits und des weiterhin schwelenden Konfliktes über die Grenzen dieser Justiz andererseits, liegen erstaunlicherweise nur wenige empirische Forschungsergebnisse über die Praxis der indigenen Justiz vor. Auf diese Lücke zielt die vorliegende Studie. Sie untersucht die Prinzipien und rechtlichen Normen, die der indigenen Justiz zugrunde liegen, ferner die ihr immanenten Probleme, die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der in die Studie einbezogenen Rechtskulturen, die Entwicklungstrends und die Faktoren, die den Wandel begünstigen. Die auf einem Mix empirischer Methoden basierende Untersuchung belegt, dass die indigene Justiz in erster Linie konsensorientiert ist. Ihr wesentliches Ziel ist, den durch die Straftat gestörten kommunalen Frieden wiederherzustellen und die Straftäter in die dörfliche Gemeinschaft zu reintegrieren. Die angewandten Normen und Praktiken sind jedoch nicht statisch: Die immer wieder zu lesende Meinung, die kommunalen Rechtssysteme basierten auf angestammten, "uralten" rechtlichen Regeln, erweist sich als Mythos. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Rechtssysteme der Dorfgemeinschaften dynamisch sind: Traditionelle Normen, die den Entwicklungsinteressen der Dorfgemeinschaft widersprechen, werden durch neue Normen ersetzt; viele davon sind aus dem staatlichen Recht abgeleitet - wie zum Beispiel Schutzrechte der Frauen gegen genderspezifische Gewalt. Zu den Faktoren, die nach Meinung der befragten lokalen Repräsentanten einen Wandel fördern, zählen anwendungsorientierte Fortbildungs- und Beratungsprogramme von Nichtregierungsorganisationen, insbesondere zu Menschenrechtsfragen.

Inhalt: Partly for reasons of cultural identity and partly because the state has proved unable to protect them against criminality, indigenous communities in Peru and Ecuador have maintained their traditional judicial systems. Though recognized constitutionally, these systems continue to be a source of legal and political contention. Considering both the major social significance of indigenous justice as a means of conflict-resolution and the ongoing controversy over its scope, information about current judicial practice in the communities in question is surprisingly scant. It is on this gap in research that the present study focuses, examining in particular: the principles and rules applied in indigenous justice; the relative frequencies of different types of conflict and conflict-resolution; the problems associated with this type of justice; the differences between the various legal cultures reviewed; and key trends and determinants of change. The study, of mixed-method design, reveals that indigenous justice is primarily consensus-oriented. Its chief objective is to restore communal peace and reintegrate offenders. The legal regulations and practices used to achieve these goals, however, are not static: the notion of autochthonous legal systems based on immutable 'ancestral' rules is a myth. Contrary to what this common preconception would suggest, the study indicates that any traditional legal norms that run counter to the interests of the local community are modified by the introduction of new legal rules, many of which - such as the protection of women from gender-based violence - derive from state law. Among the factors which indigenous representatives interviewed for this study considered key in bringing about change was local NGO-led education and training - notably on human rights.

Schlagwörter:Kriminalität; judiciary; mediation; Staatsrecht; Mediation; legal system; Ecuador; constitutional law; criminality; prosecution; indigene Völker; Andean Region; Rechtsprechung; Justiz; criminal law; indigenous peoples; Strafverfolgung; Peru; Andenraum; jurisdiction; ethnische Gruppe; ethnic group; Peru; Strafrecht; Rechtsnorm; kulturelle Identität; Rechtswesen; Ecuador; legal norm; conflict management; cultural identity; Konfliktregelung

SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Justiz, Recht

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-54802-8

Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-48358-2

Dokumenttyp:Rezension