Inhalt: We examine the challenges faced by women for effective communication on social media. The majority of the data used in this study was primary, and it was gathered in the field using a questionnaire. The questionnaire utilized in this study was a written list of questions that had been carefully designed and selected to collect data. The questions were closed-ended and focused on women's issues and their use of social media. Cronbach alpha was used to test the dataset's validity, consistency, and reliability based on the obtained information. Cronbach's Alpha for all constructs or items was more significant than the minimum acceptable reliability coefficient of 0.5 to 0.9, indicating strong internal consistency.Furthermore, Cronbach's Alpha for all constructs was more than the minimal permissible reliability coefficient, indicating that they were valid and trustworthy and hence suitable for use. We notice that most respondents in this study reported that they had experienced social media harassment. Our findings show, in particular, that the majority of respondents in this study believe that women are usually overlooked when it comes to matters requiring social media opinions. We opined that information, education, and communication are empowering tools from the preceding. It is the challenge of women in leadership to dismantle the obstacles in the women's use of information media. No form of women empowerment will succeed until these challenges are met.

Schlagwörter:Soziale Medien; social media; Kommunikation; communication; Empowerment; empowerment; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; woman; Online-Medien; online media; Nigeria; Nigeria; Westafrika; West Africa; gender equity

SSOAR Kategorie:interaktive, elektronische Medien, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.76-7

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Web search engines influence perception of social reality by filtering and ranking information. However, their outputs are often subjected to bias that can lead to skewed representation of subjects such as professional occupations or gender. In our paper, we use a mixed-method approach to investigate presence of race and gender bias in representation of artificial intelligence (AI) in image search results coming from six different search engines. Our findings show that search engines prioritize anthropomorphic images of AI that portray it as white, whereas non-white images of AI are present only in non-Western search engines. By contrast, gender representation of AI is more diverse and less skewed towards a specific gender that can be attributed to higher awareness about gender bias in search outputs. Our observations indicate both the need and the possibility for addressing bias in representation of societally relevant subjects, such as technological innovation, and emphasize the importance of designing new approaches for detecting bias in information retrieval systems.

Schlagwörter:Repräsentation; künstliche Intelligenz; online service; artificial intelligence; information retrieval; Algorithmus; algorithm; Online-Dienst; Trend; representation; search engine; Suchmaschine; trend; information retrieval; web search; bias; artificial intelligence

SSOAR Kategorie:interaktive, elektronische Medien

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78818-6_5

Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht

Inhalt: The implications of digital technologies for the transformation of gender relations and identities have been discussed since the early days of the internet. Although gender studies have identified clear gender gaps in terms of digital inclusion as well as potentialities for the transformation of women’s subjectivity, there is a lack of empirical evidence of the impact of digitalization in terms of time use from a gender perspective. Public policies have begun to address the digital gender gap, but the incorporation of a gender perspective in digital inclusion programmes which promotes women’s emancipation by challenging the gender division of time through use of the internet has been not incorporated in the digital policies agenda. This article aims to provide empirical evidence of the mutual interrelation between the time allocation and digital inclusion from a gender perspective. It considers how gender inequalities in time use shape women’s experience of digital inclusion and, at the same time, how digital inclusion promotes the reconfiguration of time in women’s everyday lives. Qualitative analysis based on episodic interviews explored the representations and practices of internet use by women in their everyday lives. The sample was made up of 32 women who were digitally included through a lifelong learning programme in Spain and had experienced the effects of the Spanish economic crisis. The article argues that digital inclusion does not automatically lead to a more egalitarian allocation of time use for women, but rather places greater value on women’s free time.

Schlagwörter:Digitalisierung; digitalization; Technologie; technology; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Ungleichheit; inequality; Internet; Internet; Inklusion; inclusion; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Zeit; time; Nutzung; utilization; digital gender gap; digital inclusion; gender division of labour; gender inequalities

SSOAR Kategorie:interaktive, elektronische Medien, Wissenschaftssoziologie, Wissenschaftsforschung, Technikforschung, Techniksoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Due to the rise of the Internet, the effects of different science communication formats in which experts appear cannot be neglected in communication research. Through their emotional and more comprehensible communication 'sciencetubers' - who frequently differ from the stereotypical image of scientists as white, old men - may have a considerable effect on the public’s perceived trustworthiness of scientists as well as their trust in science. Thus, this study aims to extend trust and trustworthiness research to consider the role of emotion in science communication in the context of emerging online video content. Therefore, perceived trustworthiness was examined in an experimental online survey of 155 people aged 18–80. We considered different potential influencing variables for trustworthiness (expertise, integrity, benevolence) and used six different video stimuli about physics featuring scientific experts. The video stimuli varied according to format (TV interviews vs. YouTube videos), gender (male vs. female), and age of the experts depicted (old vs. young). The results suggest that: (1) Scientific experts appearing in TV interviews are perceived as more competent but not higher in integrity or benevolence than sciencetubers - while scientists interviewed on TV are regarded as typical scientists, sciencetubers stand out for their highly professional communication abilities (being entertaining and comprehensible); (2) these emotional assessments of scientists are important predictors of perceived trustworthiness; and (3) significantly mediate the effect of the stimulus (TV interview vs. YouTube video) on all dimensions of perceived trustworthiness of scientific experts.

Schlagwörter:YouTube; entertainment; public trust; science communication; science video; stereotype; television; trustworthiness

SSOAR Kategorie:Wirkungsforschung, Rezipientenforschung, interaktive, elektronische Medien

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: In this study, the issue of using Instagram social network by different groups of Iranian women and their interests and desires in publication of photos is investigated. The purpose of the study is to identify the common aspects and differences in women's lives reflected in their self-expression efforts based on their social characteristics. Therefore, the women were classified into eight groups based on the elements affecting the way they show their daily lives, such as education level, occupation and marital status. Then, qualitative method, including virtual ethnographic techniques, content analysis and online interviews, was used. Photos posted on Instagram by 32 users were studied and analyzed, and these users were interviewed. Questions were asked about their tendency towards posting photos of their daily lives on Instagram via direct messages. The conceptual framework of the study included Bourdieu’s theory of 'distinction' and Baudrillard’s concept of 'system of objects'. Results showed that women in each group select specific approaches to the publication of photos based on their social conditions. In the present article, these differences are discussed in detail. The significance of this research lies in the possibility of understanding different aspects of women’s everyday life and their individual identity through self-reports in the new media as opposed to the traditional media which only presents a standardized type of identification. Since studying women's efforts in presenting themselves on social media has been neglected in studies conducted on social networks in Iran, this study leads to a better understanding of Iranian women's diverse identities.

Schlagwörter:way of life; Internet; Baudrillard, J.; Soziale Medien; everyday life; Bildungsniveau; Familienstand; Iran; Bourdieu, P.; Selbstdarstellung; Iran; Lebensweise; marital status; self-presentation; social media; photography; identity; woman; Beruf; Identität; level of education; Internet; Bourdieu, P.; Fotografie; occupation; Alltag; Baudrillard, J.; Instagram

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, interaktive, elektronische Medien

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.22059/jcss.2020.289643.1040

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: This study examines the experiences of female journalists in Nepal in the context of rapidly growing expansion of broadband Internet. By examining the findings of the qualitative in-depth interview of 48 female journalists, it argues that online platforms are threatening press freedom in Nepal, mainly by silencing female journalists. The study also indicates that the problem is particularly severe in such a patriarchal society as a significant number of incidents of abuse go unreported, largely due to a culture of shame as well as ineffective legislation. Over the course of this article, I have attempted to show how social issues raised by second-wave feminism and online feminism are similar. The findings show that some of the female journalists experiencing harassment tolerate it by being ‘strong like a man,’ while many of them avoid social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook to keep free of such abuse. The study also suggests that individual efforts to tackle the vicious issue of misogyny might not be enough and collective effort from legislation, media organisations, and feminists is required to address the issue.

Schlagwörter:Nepal; Nepal; Journalist; journalist; woman; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; Bedrohung; threat; Online-Medien; online media; Soziale Medien; social media; Coping-Verhalten; coping behavior; Frauenfeindlichkeit; mysogyny; Südasien; South Asia; online harassment; online participation

SSOAR Kategorie:interaktive, elektronische Medien, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Existing literature shows that people living with physical impairment are systematically disadvantaged in the workforce and their voices are often silenced. With a perspective of intersectionality, this article looks into how disabled women suffer from multiple forms of discrimination and how social media may emerge as a tool of empowerment for them in both the workforce and their everyday lives. Drawing on five cases of Chinese disabled women in the cyber workforce, the study finds that the booming Internet economy enables more disabled women to financially support themselves. Social media appears as a cover for these women to disguise their disability identity and get more job opportunities. It serves as an aid in many cases to allow these women to increase social participation, to project their voice, and to form alliances. The risks and challenges that disabled women often encounter in the cyber workforce are also discussed.

Schlagwörter:woman; Behinderung; disability; Erwerbstätigkeit; gainful employment; Benachteiligung; deprivation; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Intersektionalität; intersectionality; Empowerment; empowerment; Soziale Medien; social media; Internet; Internet; Beschäftigungseffekt; effect on employment; berufliche Integration; occupational integration; China; China; Ostasien; Far East; employment; physical impairment; social media; work discrimination; work inclusion

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, interaktive, elektronische Medien

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Technik wird in unserer Gesellschaft noch immer mit Männlichkeit assoziiert. Das Bild eines Mannes, der mit einer schweren Bohrmaschine arbeitet, erscheint uns vertrauter als das einer Frau, die dieselbe Tätigkeit ausführt. Derartige Repräsentationen von Technik und Geschlecht werden auch von den Medien verbreitet und könnten so bereits Mädchen und jungen Frauen den Zugang zu Technik erschweren. Digitalisierte Medienwelten bieten allerdings die Möglichkeit, neue Technik-Bilder zu entwerfen und dominante Vorstellungen dadurch zu verschieben. Hier könnten Öffentlichkeiten für Mädchen und Frauen entstehen, die eine Selbstverständigung über technische Interessen und damit einhergehend eine Erfahrung von Kompetenz vermitteln könnten. Anhand von fünf Gruppendiskussionen mit 12- bis 15-jährigen Gymnasiastinnen wurden deren Technikverständnis, deren Nutzung digitaler Medien zu Technikthemen, vor allem aber auch deren Ideen zu einer für sie attraktiven Vermittlung von Technikthemen erfragt. Dabei wurden insbesondere die Vorteile einer symmetrischen Kommunikation im Netz deutlich.

Schlagwörter:Öffentlichkeit; Digitale Medien; Gruppendiskussion; Stereotyp; girl; Technik; group discussion; Mädchen; stereotype; the public; woman; gender-specific socialization; engineering; gender-specific factors; digital media; digitalisierte Öffentlichkeiten; Frauenöffentlichkeiten; digitised public sphere; women's public spheres

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, interaktive, elektronische Medien

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.21241/ssoar.68125

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag

Inhalt: In unserem Beitrag steht mit #120db eine "Frauenrechts-Kampagne" der sogenannten "Identitären Bewegung" im Fokus. Die Identitären, die sich als Teil einer modernen rechten Bewegung inszenieren, nutzen vor allem digitale Medien im Zusammenspiel mit öffentlichkeitswirksamen Aktionen. Anhand einer Analyse des im Mittelpunkt der Kampagne #120db stehenden YouTube-Videos zeigen wir, wie die angeblichen Forderungen nach Frauen*rechten mit geschlechterbinären, rassistischen und antifeministischen Positionen verknüpft sind. Die zentralen Argumentationsmuster des Videos verorten wir im Rahmen von politischen und medialen Debatten, gesellschaftlichen Diskursen und kulturellen Deutungsmustern. Insbesondere finden sich im Video Bezüge zu Nationenund Kriegsdiskursen, zu ethnopluralistischen Positionen, zu medialen Inszenierungen im Kontext von Flucht und Migration sowie schließlich zu aktuellen Sicherheitsdebatten in Österreich. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Inhalte der Kampagne eng mit rechten Ideologien verknüpft sind, etwa im Hinblick auf völkische und identitätspolitische Diskurse. Darüber hinaus werden Gender, Migration und Gewalt verknüpft, um rassistische Politiken und Ausgrenzung zu legitimieren. Dies wird von einer De-Legitimierung und Abwertung feministischer Politiken begleitet.

Schlagwörter:Neue Rechte; The New Right; Rassismus; racism; Sexismus; sexism; Medien; media; Twitter; twitter; Facebook; facebook; Internet; Internet; Kampagne; campaign; Exklusion; exclusion; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Feminismus; feminism; Kritik; criticism; Diskurs; discourse; Identitäre, #120db; Identitarians

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, interaktive, elektronische Medien, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.3224/gender.v11i3.06

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Recent years have witnessed a surge in research on the impact of the cyberspace on social movements. The feminist movement has built a vocal platform online which attempts to underscore sexual violence against women. Scholars have begun to suspect that the internet has ushered in a new wave, the fourth wave of feminism. The fourth wave’s main feature is its reliance on social media. The accessibility, reach of a widespread audience, low costs and user-friendly environment have encouraged women to use social media to speak out against various forms of sexual violence directed against women. It is also assumed that going forward; the movement will also tackle issues such as the gender pay gap, neoliberal policies, maternity leave, and cultural sexism. Moreover, the internet-based movement is striving to bring to the fore the topic of intersectionality, that is, the intersection of oppressive institutions, and the attempt to rectify the failings of past waves by representing those oppressed by multiple institutions such as sexism, classism, and racism. This commentary provides an overview of the emerging academic literature on the fourth wave of feminism and critically reflects the lack of social realism in its existing form of knowledge production.

Schlagwörter:Feminismus; feminism; Internet; Internet; Soziale Medien; social media; soziale Bewegung; social movement; Realismus; realism; Wissensproduktion; knowledge production; gender-specific factors; fourth wave of feminism; realism; Cyberspace

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, interaktive, elektronische Medien, Wissenschaftssoziologie, Wissenschaftsforschung, Technikforschung, Techniksoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.22059/jcss.2019.72456

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz