Inhalt: Drawing on feminist debates about social reproduction and care while looking closely at gendered care politics and gender-insensitive containment measures, this article critically explores the politics of care in Turkey in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. It does so by engaging with the theoretical debate over "social reproduction as a site of crisis" (Fraser 2016, 2017) and provides a contextualised reflection on the contested features of the crisis of care in a highly gendered political setting where a familialist regime defines gender relations. Because such regimes expect women to increase their burden of care in times of crisis, the pandemic’s gender-insensitive containment politics fundamentally strengthened the boundaries between paid and unpaid work. The article explores the combination of gendered vulnerabilities related to increased unpaid care work and degraded conditions experienced by care workers during lockdowns as a manifestation of the crisis of care in Turkey. Besides neoliberal capitalism, as suggested by Fraser, Turkey's rising authoritarian conservatism also characterises the crisis of care, which has implications for gender inequalities. Accordingly, this article invokes the conceptual framework of "masculinist restoration," as suggested by Kandiyoti (2016, 2019) and argues that women’s situatedness as care providers has been losing its positional power as a cultural element of the familialist regime in Turkey. Instead, this situatedness is being enforced as a political project that aims to institutionalise familialism to secure patriarchal domination in a society, which therefore pertains to a veiled crisis of care.

Schlagwörter:Pflege; caregiving; Krise; crisis; Ungleichheit; inequality; gender-specific factors; Reproduktion; reproduction; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Pflegeperson; caregiver; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; woman; Familie; family; Patriarchat; patriarchy; Türkei; Turkey; COVID-19; politics of social reproduction; crisis of care; gender inequality; familialist regime; authoritarian capitalism; pandemic; masculinist restoration

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialpolitik

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.46.2021.4.31-49

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Feminist street art aims to transform patriarchal spaces into places of gendered resistance by asserting a feminist presence in the city. Considering this, as well as women’s social life, their struggle against lingering forces of patriarchy, and relating features of inequality (domestic violence), there was a feminist installation artwork by the young Kurdish artist Tara Abdulla that shook the city of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan on 26 October 2020. She had prepared a 4,800‐meter‐long washing line covered with the clothes of 99,678 Kurdish women who were survivors of sexual and gender‐based violence. They installed it along the busiest street of the city (Salim Street). She used this piece of feminine to express her reaction to the Kurdish society regarding, the abuse that goes on silently, behind closed doors. She also aimed towards normalizing women’s bodies. After the installation, she received many controversial reactions. As her artwork was a pioneering project in line with feminist issues in Kurdistan which preoccupied the city for quite a while, the aim of this article is to investigate the diverse effects of her work on the current dialogue regarding gender inequality in the Kurdish society. To do this, we used the research method of content analysis on big data (Facebook comments) to investigate the public reactions of a larger number of locals. The Feminine effectively exposed some of the deep‐rooted cultural, religious, and social barriers in addressing gender inequalities and silent sexual violence issues in the modern Kurdish patriarchal society.

Schlagwörter:öffentlicher Raum; public space; Kunstwerk; work of art; Feminismus; feminism; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; gender-specific factors; woman; Kurdistan; Kurdistan; Facebook reactions; Sulaimani; feminist street art; gender inequalities dialogue

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: We examine the challenges faced by women for effective communication on social media. The majority of the data used in this study was primary, and it was gathered in the field using a questionnaire. The questionnaire utilized in this study was a written list of questions that had been carefully designed and selected to collect data. The questions were closed-ended and focused on women's issues and their use of social media. Cronbach alpha was used to test the dataset's validity, consistency, and reliability based on the obtained information. Cronbach's Alpha for all constructs or items was more significant than the minimum acceptable reliability coefficient of 0.5 to 0.9, indicating strong internal consistency.Furthermore, Cronbach's Alpha for all constructs was more than the minimal permissible reliability coefficient, indicating that they were valid and trustworthy and hence suitable for use. We notice that most respondents in this study reported that they had experienced social media harassment. Our findings show, in particular, that the majority of respondents in this study believe that women are usually overlooked when it comes to matters requiring social media opinions. We opined that information, education, and communication are empowering tools from the preceding. It is the challenge of women in leadership to dismantle the obstacles in the women's use of information media. No form of women empowerment will succeed until these challenges are met.

Schlagwörter:Soziale Medien; social media; Kommunikation; communication; Empowerment; empowerment; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; woman; Online-Medien; online media; Nigeria; Nigeria; Westafrika; West Africa; gender equity

SSOAR Kategorie:interaktive, elektronische Medien, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.76-7

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: This article explores impacts of migration on young women’s status and gender practice in rural northern China. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a village in Shanxi Province, it suggests that rural-urban migration has served partially to reconstruct the traditional gender-based roles and norms in migration families. This reconstructive force arises mainly from the changes of the patrilocal residence pattern and rural women’s acquisition of subjectivity during the course of migration. However, after migrant women return to their home villages, they usually reassume their roles as care providers and homemakers, which is vividly expressed by a phrase referring to one’s wife as ‘the person inside my home’ (wo jiali de). Meanwhile, although migrant women’s capacity and confidence have greatly increased consequent upon working out of the countryside, their participation in village governance and in the public sphere has been decreasing. Further examination suggests that the reinforcement of gender inequality and the transformation of gender relations result from the continuous interplay of local power relations, market dominance, and unchallenged patrilocal institutions. Through adopting a life course perspective, it challenges too strict a differentiation between migrant and left behind women in existing literature.

Schlagwörter:China; China; Landbevölkerung; rural population; Patriarchat; patriarchy; gender-specific factors; woman; Ethnographie; ethnography; Feldforschung; field research; Stadt-Land-Beziehung; city-country relationship; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; traditionelle Gesellschaft; traditional society; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; gender relations; migration; patriarchy; rural Chinese women

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: The issue of gender justice has drawn the attention of gender scholars as does gender equality a justice or civilization. Because of this, the paper examined women and gender equality justice or civilization. In discussing these gender issues, several documents, reports, newspapers, magazines, archives, articles, journals, among others, were systematically reviewed to support the argument. Two theories were used in supporting the argument. These are Islamic Feminist and Liberal Feminist theories. The assumptions of these theories centered on gender equality and gender justice in society. The study found that gender equality is not civilization but justice. This is of the fact that both men and women are born equal and need equal justice for the development of the nation. The paper recommended that men and women should be given equal opportunity in all aspects of life in order to ensure gender justice. Parents and religious leaders should adhere to the principles of gender equality for the betterment of society.

Schlagwörter:Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Gerechtigkeit; justice; gender-specific factors; woman; Chancengleichheit; equal opportunity; Zivilisation; civilization; Feminismus; feminism; Islam; Islam; Nigeria; Nigeria; Afrika; Africa

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-66261-7

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: An der Schnittstelle von Gender Studies, Arbeits- und Organisationssoziologie setzt dieser Beitrag an, indem die gewerkschaftliche Repräsentation von Frauen vergleichend dargestellt und zugleich typische Deutungen im Verständnis gewerkschaftlicher Geschlechterpolitik rekonstruiert werden. Aufbauend auf Angelika Wetterers Typologie von Geschlechterwissen zeigen sich in diesen Deutungsmustern Unterschiede, woran die Geschlechter(un)gleichheit festgemacht wird, welche Relevanz gleichstellungspolitischen Maßnahmen beigemessen wird und welche Rolle sie für die eigene Praxis gewerkschaftlicher Interessenpolitik spielen. Das frauenpolitische, das geschlechtertheoretische und das konservative Deutungsmuster werden vorgestellt und zugleich diskutiert, unter welchen Bedingungen es trotz dieser Unterschiede gelingen kann, Gleichstellungspolitik als organisationsübergreifende Aufgabe zu etablieren. Die empirische Basis bilden qualitative Interviews, die mit Gewerkschaftssekretär*innen der ver.di, der IG BAU sowie der IG Metall durchgeführt wurden.

Schlagwörter:Geschlechterpolitik; gender policy; Gewerkschaft; trade union; woman; Frauenanteil; proportion of women; gender-specific factors; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Ungleichheit; inequality; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Frauenpolitik; women's policy

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.21241/ssoar.70997

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Die deutsche Bundeswehr ist als militärische Organisation trotz ihrer umfassenden formalen Öffnung für Frauen und veränderter Aufgabenbereiche noch immer männlich konnotiert. Weibliche militärische Führungskräfte stellen in doppelter Hinsicht, als Frau und als Führungskraft, eine Abweichung und Verletzung bestehender stereotyper Zuschreibungen und Geschlechterdifferenzen dar. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet die Bezugnahme auf die Kategorie Geschlecht durch weibliche Offiziere in diesem doppelt männlich konnotierten Kontext sowie deren Anwendung von Geschlechterdifferenzierungen. Es wird argumentiert, dass sie ein "strategisches Differenzmanagement" anwenden. Durch den Fokus auf die Auswirkungen der vertikalen Segregation im organisationalen Kontext auf das geschlechtliche Differenzmanagement ergänzt der Beitrag bisherige theoretische und empirische Ergebnisse bezüglich der Geschlechterkonstruktion und Geschlechterdifferenzierung in geschlechtsuntypischen Berufsbereichen.

Schlagwörter:Federal Republic of Germany; Bundeswehr; Federal Armed Forces; Führungskraft; executive; woman; gender; Differenzierung; differentiation; Stereotyp; stereotype; Militär; military; Berufsfeld; occupational field; gender-specific factors

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Management

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.21241/ssoar.70987

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: The status of women in China has deteriorated markedly since 2006 relative to other countries, according to the World Economic Forum Gender Gap Index. Taking a longer view, the position of women has greatly improved since the founding of the People’s Republic of China but, after the ‘opening up’ of the economy, the logic of the market and the legacy of patriarchy have worked to the detriment of women. After briefly reviewing trends in China’s economic, demographic and social development, this editorial follows the structure of the thematic issue in focusing on the processes which may have caused women to slip behind. Socio-economic and political factors are considered first before focusing on the impact of unprecedently large scale migration. The circumstances and experiences of women ‘left outside’ mainstream society are explored next before reflecting on the lives of women left behind in poverty.

Schlagwörter:China; China; woman; sozialer Status; social status; sozioökonomische Entwicklung; socioeconomic development; gender-specific factors; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Patriarchat; patriarchy; politische Faktoren; political factors; Migration; migration; Erwerbstätigkeit; gainful employment; China; economic development; employment; family; gender; marketisation; migration; patriarchy; poverty; women

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: While China's socialist revolution has been credited with improving the status of women, gender inequality remains. Drawing on macro data, this article provides an overview of gender equality in China, focusing on labor force and political participation in the past 70 years, particularly since 1978, the onset of socioeconomic reform. Specifically, the article describes, compares, and examines the progress and challenges that women face in accessing economic opportunities and political resources. We find a more equal relationship between male and female when resources are relatively adequate, but that females are disadvantaged when resources are scarce, for example, including representation in more prestigious occupations, higher income, and political positions. These findings illustrate how inequality is maintained and reproduced, and suggest that despite China’s progressive socialist agenda, its gender revolution remains 'stalled.'

Schlagwörter:China; China; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; gender-specific factors; woman; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; politische Partizipation; political participation; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; historische Entwicklung; historical development; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Benachteiligung; deprivation; Ostasien; Far East

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: While scholars and activists often advocate using the term ‘sex worker’ in preference to prostitute, in my research I found that female prostitutes in the Pearl River Delta area, south China, do not like to be addressed as such, and prefer the title xiaojie in Chinese. ‘Sex worker’ generalises the heterogeneity of meanings these women identify and attribute to what they do; it does not capture the complex cultural meanings involved in the term xiaojie. It is stigmatising in that what is exchanged within the transaction is less defined by sexual acts and more by a diversified range of activities. The women employ what is useful to them and infuse new meanings in it to construct gender images and identities to resist the sex worker stigma and to express their desires as rural-to-urban migrants. Using xiaojie becomes a destigmatising and gender tactic. I also found that the women discard the idea of finding alternative jobs partly because of the practical difficulty, and partly because they do not want to work (gongzuo) any more in the future. This study highlights the importance of exploring desire and agency to understand the lived experiences of this particular group of women.

Schlagwörter:China; China; woman; Prostitution; prostitution; Stigmatisierung; stigmatization; Gender; gender; Ostasien; Far East; South China; desire; destigmatisation; sex worker

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz