Inhalt: International mobility in academia can enhance the human and social capital of researchers and consequently their scientific outcome. However, there is still a very limited understanding of the different mobility patterns among scholars with various socio-demographic characteristics. By studying these differences, we can detect inequalities in access to scholarly networks across borders, which can cause disparities in scientific advancement. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we investigate to what extent individuals’ factors (e.g., country, career stage, and field of research) associate with the mobility of male and female researchers. Second, we explore the relationship between mobility and scientific activity and impact. For this purpose, we used a bibliometric approach to track the mobility of authors. To compare the researchers’ scientific outcomes, we considered the number of publications and received citations as indicators, as well as the number of unique co-authors in all their publications. We also analysed the co-authorship network of researchers and compared centrality measures of “mobile” and “nonmobile” researchers. Results show that researchers from North America and Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly female ones, have the lowest, respectively, highest tendency towards international mobility. Having international co-authors increases the probability of international movement. Our findings uncover gender inequality in international mobility across scientific fields and countries. Across genders, researchers in the Physical sciences have the most and in the Social sciences the least rate of mobility. We observed more mobility for Social scientists at the advanced career stage, while researchers in other fields prefer to move at earlier career stages. Also, we found a positive correlation between mobility and scientific outcomes, but no apparent difference between females and males. Indeed, researchers who have started mobility at the advanced career stages had a better scientific outcome. Comparing the centrality of mobile and non-mobile researchers in the co-authorship networks reveals a higher social capital advantage for mobile researchers. Internationale Mobilität im akademischen Bereich kann das Human- und Sozialkapital von Forschenden und folglich ihre wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse verbessern. Allerdings ist das Verständnis für die unterschiedlichen Mobilitätsmuster von Wissenschaftler*innen mit verschiedenen soziodemografischen Merkmalen noch sehr begrenzt. Durch die Untersuchung dieser Unterschiede können die Autor*innen Ungleichheiten beim Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Netzwerken über Grenzen hinweg aufdecken, die zu Ungleichheiten beim wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt führen können. Mit dieser Studie werden zwei Ziele verfolgt. Erstens untersuchen die Autor*innen, inwieweit individuelle Faktoren (z. B. Land, Karrierestufe und Forschungsgebiet) mit der Mobilität von Forscherinnen und Forschern zusammenhängen. Zweitens untersuchen sie den Zusammenhang zwischen Mobilität und wissenschaftlicher Tätigkeit und Wirkung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Forschende aus Nordamerika und Afrika südlich der Sahara, insbesondere Frauen, die geringste bzw. höchste Tendenz zur internationalen Mobilität aufweisen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit der internationalen Mobilität steigt, wenn man internationale Ko-Autor*innen hat. Bei den Geschlechtern haben Forschende in den Naturwissenschaften die höchste und in den Sozialwissenschaften die niedrigste Mobilitätsrate.

Schlagwörter:bibliometric analysis; Bibliometrie; Gender; international academic mobility; internationale akademische Mobilität; Mobilität; Region; scopus

CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2022.101280

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: This paper explores the career experiences of women academics at three South African universities. To understand the experiences of women academics, we conducted an intersectional interrogation of the politics and practices of belonging in departmental cultures. The sample consisted of thirty women academics whose interviews were analysed through a discursive thematic frame. We found that while all participants experienced gender-based discrimination which hinders academic progression, the barriers experienced by black women academics are compounded by the intersections of race, gender, and motherhood. Patriarchal and racist institutional, disciplinary and departmental cultures served as further challenges to belonging. On the other hand, through counter storytelling and refusal, women created alternative spaces of sociality where suffering co-exists with pleasure, refusal and survival. Ultimately, the paper suggests refusal as a generative theoretical lens to surface the complexity of women academics.

Schlagwörter:Fachkultur; Fakultät; Gender; Geschlechterungleichheit; higher education; intersectional research; intersektionale Perspektive; motherhood; Mutterschaft; Organisationskultur; race; South Africa; Südafrika; Universität; woman academic

CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2022.2101201

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Significance In economics, as in many high-skilled professions, women are underrepresented. Web-scraped data provide information on the situation of women in economics around the globe. We document the underrepresentation of women for a large set of countries using the same objective method. We find differences between countries and regions, which might reflect cultural aspects and norms. Europe is more gender-equal than the United States; institutions that are higher ranked in terms of research output have fewer women in senior positions than lower-ranked institutions. In the United States, this also holds for junior positions. The paper thus further informs the debate and shows how female ratios differ on a global scale.

Schlagwörter:economics; gender equality; Geschlechterverhältnis; internationaler Vergleich; Professur; Teilhabe; Unterrepräsentanz; Wirtschaftswissenschaft; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs

CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118853119

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Unequal distribution of child rearing and domestic responsibilities between parents contributes to gender inequity, a wicked problem in Australia. Inequitable parental leave policies at Australian public Universities place the burden of care squarely on the mother, diminishing or absenting the father. We examine how the gendered nature of the existing policies are constructed in ways that create inequities and discourage their uptake. A post-structural feminist lens provides us with a theoretical vantage point from which this wicked problem can be problematized. We present three recommendations for enabling more equitable outcomes for parents. The first is to eradicate the punitive approach and support flexibility; second, the policies must be parental leave in name, provision and practice; and finally we recommend a minimum parental leave standard for Australian universities nationally. These findings have policy-level significance for redressing parental leave inequity within the Australian university context. The paper concludes with theoretical contributions, practical implications, and suggestions for future research.

Schlagwörter:Australia; Australien; Elternschaft; gender inequality; Geschlechterungleichheit; higher education; Mutter; parental leave; Universität; university; Vater

CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Hochschulen

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12880

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Gendergerechtigkeit wird in Hochschulen in der EU im Rahmen des Programms Science with and for Society (SwafS) der Europäischen Kommission durch die Umsetzung von Gleichstellungsplänen aktiv gefördert. Die Erarbeitung und Umsetzung von Gleichstellungsplänen wurde durch die Beteiligung an EU-Projekten in irischen sowie italienischen Hochschuleinrichtungen stark beeinflusst. Dieser Beitrag bezieht sich auf Erfahrungen des EU-Projekts SAGE (H2020), bei dem irische und italienische Universitäten kooperieren, die Athena SWAN Charta in Irland, den Aktionsplan Piano di Azioni Positive (PAP) in Italien und Interviews mit Gender- Expert*innen irischer und italienischer Hochschuleinrichtungen. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit die Teilnahme an EU- und nationalen Initiativen ähnliche Ergebnisse erzielen kann. Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Schluss, dass eine abgestimmte Strategie, die sich auf gemeinsame Prioritäten konzentriert und kulturelle, politische und soziale Vielfalt berücksichtigt, die Internationalisierung des Hochschulsektors fördern und den Prozess zur Herstellung von Gendergerechtigkeit in der Wissenschaft beschleunigen könnte.

Schlagwörter:Athena SWAN; EU; Europa; Geschlechtergerechtigkeit; Gleichstellungsplan; Irland; Italien; structural change; structural change project; Strukturwandel

CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.3224/gender.v13i1.03

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: In der Soziologie bezeichnet der Begriff der Ambivalenz gegensätzliche, konflikthafte oder widersprüchliche kulturelle Ziele einer Gesellschaftsstruktur. Dieser Beitrag wendet den Begriff auf die im Europäischen Forschungsraum institutionalisierten kulturellen Normen und Werte an, um eine strukturelle Ambivalenz europäischer Integration in der Wissenschaft zu untersuchen. Ziel ist eine Analyse des Verhältnisses von Gleichstellungsnormen und Exzellenzidealen am Beispiel der durch den European Research Council (ERC) repräsentierten europäischen Exzellenzinitiative. Die These ist, dass das aktuell dominante Exzellenzparadigma eine Umsetzung supranationaler Gleichstellungsnormen in der Wissenschaft erschwert. Diese These wird anhand sekundärstatistischer Analysen und qualitativer Befunde zu geförderten Forschungsprojekten einer Überprüfung unterzogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es u. a. aufgrund existierender Widerstände gegen die Umsetzung von Gleichstellungsstandards unwahrscheinlich ist, dass es dem ERC in naher Zukunft gelingen wird, seine selbst gesetzten Gleichstellungsziele zu erreichen.

Schlagwörter:ERC; europäischer Forschungsraum; Exzellenz; Forschungsförderung; Gleichstellung

CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.3224/gender.v13i1.04

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: BACKGROUND Intimate partner sexual violence and non-partner rape experiences are widely reported by female students in South African higher education institutions, as they are globally. However, limited research has focused on investigating vulnerability factors, which is vital for informing interventions. OBJECTIVE To describe the factors and inter-relationships associated with female students' increased vulnerability to past year experience of partner sexual violence and non-partner rape in South African higher education settings. METHODS We interviewed 1293 female students, i.e., 519 students in six Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college campuses and 774 students at three university campuses. Participants were volunteers aged 18-30. The measured vulnerability factors included childhood sexual abuse, other trauma, mental ill-health, risky sexual behaviours, food insecurity, partner violence, and controlling behaviours. We used bivariate analysis, logistic regression, and structural equation modelling methods. RESULTS Twenty percent of participants experienced past-year sexual violence (17% partner sexual violence and 7.5% non-partner rape). Childhood sexual abuse had direct effects on experiencing past year sexual violence and physical, emotional partner violence or controlling behaviours. Risky sexual behaviours mediated the relationships of childhood sexual abuse or harmful alcohol use and past-year sexual violence experience. Mental ill-health mediated the relationships between childhood sexual abuse, other traumatic exposures, food insecurity, physical, emotional partner violence or controlling behaviours, and past-year partner sexual violence or non-partner rape experience. CONCLUSIONS Risky sexual behaviours, gender inequitable relationship dynamics, mental ill-health, and food insecurity are related and amenable vulnerability factors associated with female students' sexual violence experiences. Therefore, addressing these through comprehensive campus interventions, which are implemented when students first enrol in higher education and are most vulnerable to sexual violence, is critical. Society-wide sexual violence prevention is also imperative.

Schlagwörter:Missbrauch; rape; sexual abuse; sexual education; sexuelle Gewalt; South Africa; Studienanfänger*in; Südafrika; university; Vergewaltigung

CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260886

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: This article develops an analytical framework to study the power struggles between status quo and gender equality actors underpinning the implementation of gender equality.

Schlagwörter:gender equality; gender equality policy; resistance;

CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Frauen- und Gleichstellungsbeauftragte

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/c...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: In this article, we investigate how the globalized academic labor market has changed the composition of teaching and research staff at Swedish, Norwegian, and Finnish universities. We use national statistical data on the gender and country‐origin of universities’ teaching and research staff between 2012 and 2018 to study how the globalized academic labor market has influenced the proportion of women across career stages, with a special focus on STEM fields. We pay special attention to how gender and country‐origin are interrelated in universities’ academic career hierarchies. The findings show that the proportion of foreign‐born teaching and research staff rose substantially at the lower career level (grade C positions) in the 2010s. The increase was more modest among the most prestigious grade A positions, such as professorships. The findings show significant national differences in how gender and country‐origin of staff intersect in Nordic universities. The study contributes to research on the gendered patterns of global academic labor markets and social stratification in Nordic universities. Some findings among post-docs: The total number of post-docs increased during the period 2012–2018. In 2018, the proportion of post-doc women overall was about 45 per cent in Finland and Sweden and 46 per cent in Norway. In Norway, the proportion of post-doc women fell a bit, from about 48 per cent in 2012 to 46 per cent in 2018. Among post-docs, the percentages of both foreign men and foreign women increased. For Norway, the combined percentage jumped from 50 per cent to 68 per cent. The share of foreign men among post-docs in Norway grew from 29 per cent in 2012 to 40 per cent in 2018. In Sweden, the share of foreign women in post-doc positions climbed from 19 up to 30 per cent. The proportion of Swedish women fell from 27 per cent to 15 per cent. The total proportion of women post-docs dropped by one percentage point. Some findings among professors: The proportion of women increased in all three countries and was quite similar. In 2018, 31 per cent of professors in Norway were women, 27 per cent in Sweden and 28 per cent in Finland. The percentage of foreign women professors varied across the three countries. Of all professors in Norway, 8 per cent were foreign women.

Schlagwörter:academic staff; Finnland; Frauenanteil; Geschlechterverteilung; internationalisation; Internationalisierung; Norwegen; Professur; Schweden; wissenschaftliches Personal

CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i3.4131

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Recent scholarship on universities explores how academics’ families and partners restrict their careers and how academic labour limits these relationships, both in highly gendered ways. Such research less often considers how people’s close relations might unevenly support them in continuously relocating; dedicating unpaid time to ‘career development’; or taking on or influencing them to remain in short-term, poorly paid precarious roles. This paper explores precariously employed post-PhDs in Australia, investigating their gendered careers and personal lives. Drawing on interviews at three public universities, it shows how women with children and partners in particular raise concerns over how their relationships and work interact. Here, certain kinds of workers – men and single women, unencumbered by family responsibilities and restrictions on travel, and with access to financial resources – appear better able to navigate moves to more secure work. This paper argues that support from close relations is productive and restrictive for precarious academics’ careers.

Schlagwörter:academia career; akademische Karriere; Australia; Australien; familäre Verpflichtungen; Familie; family; gender inequality; Geschlechterungleichheit; Partnerbeziehung; Partnerschaft; partnership; prekäre Beschäftigung; Vereinbarkeit; work-life balance

CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Europa und Internationales, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2021.1902482

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz