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In particular due to increasing female employment over the last decades employment has become more flexible in regard to the contract form and we observe more discontinuous employment careers. This paper discusses in how far retirement pension systems in Europe are suited to cover the specific risks of flexible workers. Recent reforms to these systems (e.g. the strengthening of private elements) and their outcomes on flexible workers are also scrutinised. Section 1 discusses the increasing flexibility of working lives, focussing on breaks in paid employment caused by the incompatible demands of family and working life and on atypical forms of employment, in particular part-time and fixed-term employment. Section 2 discusses the problems encountered by persons with flexible labour market histories with regard to retirement pensions, and points to good practices from several European countries. Section 3 analyses retirement pension in Germany in detail based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data which contains life course information. It looks at differences in pension coverage taking account of the full-time and part-time employment history of individuals. It puts specific emphasis on the private ‘Riester pension’ plan which contains incentives for participation of specific labour market groups usually disadvantaged in third pillar private pension schemes."This paper starts off by briefly considering some of the problems of future studies; it
discusses how the origins and principles of the systems of regulation and security
have generated different employment systems in Europe. The concept of
employment systems allows us to identify how the future of work may well be
managed in different ways according to the capacity and constraints of national and
European actors. The paper focuses on the characteristics and changes in European
regulatory systems of labour and social welfare. Two key developments are identified
in these areas. First there are trends to decentralise collective bargaining and to
encourage a trade off between labour flexibility and employment security. Second,
there have been trends towards a decentralisation and outsourcing of state
monopolies and attempts to develop new forms of caring. The prospects these
trends imply for regulating the work of the future are discussed in relation to the
development of a new social and gender contract." (author's abstract)