Lit@CEWS

Inhalt: As in other developing countries, Peru’s demographic transition is well underway. Concurrently, women's labor market participation and employment rates have substantially increased. In this paper we estimate the causal effect that the reduction in fertility rates has on women's employment using instrumental variables already tested in developed countries - twins in the first birth and the sex composition of the two oldest children. We also analyze the heterogeneity of the effects along three lines: marriage status of the mother, age of the first (second) child, and mother's level of education. We find strong effects of fertility. According to our results, 27 percent of the total increase in women’s rate of employment between 1993 and 2007 can be attributed to the reduction in fertility rates. This is a considerable magnitude, more than four times as large as the estimate for US by Jacobsen et al. (1999). Effects are largest in women with children 2 years old or younger and decline inversely as the first child increases in age, but are still significant when he or she reaches 10. Effects also vary with the mother’s education level, tending to be stronger when women have more education. Finally, these effects are smaller for married women than for all women.

Schlagwörter:Peru; Peru; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; population development; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; Fruchtbarkeit; fertility; Geburtenrückgang; declining birth rate; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Familienstand; marital status; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Lateinamerika; Latin America

SSOAR Kategorie:Bevölkerung, Arbeitsmarktforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-56517-2

Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht

Schlagwörter:Mitteleuropa; Central Europe; ländlicher Raum; rural area; Abwanderung; out-migration; Migration; migration; woman; Brain Drain; brain drain; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; Arbeitsmarkt; labor market; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; population development; regionaler Unterschied; regional difference

SSOAR Kategorie:Bevölkerung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Raumplanung und Regionalforschung, Arbeitsmarktforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-419067

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk

Inhalt: "In OECD countries, the cross-country correlation between the total fertility rate and the female labour force participation rate turned from a negative value before the 1980s to a positive value thereafter. Based on pooled time-series analysis, the literature seems to agree that this change is due to unmeasured country and time heterogeneity with respect to female employment. However, the determinants of this heterogeneity remain unclear. Using data of 16 European countries from 1960-2005, the author estimates pooled time-series models of fertility and female labor force participation by applying Prais-Winsten regressions with fixed country and time effects and investigate the changing effect of female labor participation for a set of labor market, educational and demographic variables and indicators of social policy. The empirical findings reveal that the change in the correlation seems to be due to the increasing proportion of females employed part-time, increasing educational attainment of females, increasing age at first birth and increasing gross enrollment ratio of children in pre-primary education." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:women's employment; birth trend; fertility; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Europe; international comparison; Bildungsbeteiligung; determinants; woman; Europa; Geburtenentwicklung; internationaler Vergleich; labor force participation; Determinanten; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; participation in education; Fruchtbarkeit

SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bevölkerung

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-418349

Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht

Inhalt: Die Vergleichsstudie präsentiert Daten zur ökonomischen Entwicklung in Deutschland, England, Schweden und den USA im Zeitraum 1950-2000. Dabei gliedern sich die Ausführungen in folgende ökonomische Kenngrößen: (1) Wachstum und Niveau des Volkseinkommens, (2) Produktivitätsentwicklung, (3) Arbeitslosigkeit, (4) Beschäftigungsstrukturen (Arbeitszeitvolumen und Beschäftigungsquoten, sektorale Entwicklung, öffentlicher und privater Sektor, Frauenerwerbsquote, Selbständigenquote) (5) Entwicklung der Arbeitskosten, (6) Steuer- und Abgabenbelastung, Staatsausgabenquote, (7) Bildung und Kapitalbildung, (8) internationaler Handel, also Exporte und Importe sowie (9) demographische Indikatoren (Geburtenrate, Alterszusammensetzung und Ausländeranteile). (ICG2)

Schlagwörter:women's employment; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Steuerbelastung; privater Sektor; education; private sector; Sweden; North America; economic development (single enterprise); öffentlicher Sektor; Produktivität; tax burden; international economic relations; public sector; autonomy; Federal Republic of Germany; ökonomische Entwicklung; employment; national income; Nordamerika; unemployment; United States of America; labor costs; Arbeitszeit; Bildung; internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen; productivity; economic growth; Schweden; Volkseinkommen; Beschäftigungsentwicklung; Arbeitslosigkeit; Arbeitskosten; Wirtschaftswachstum; USA; population development; Großbritannien; employment trend; working hours; Great Britain; Selbständigkeit; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; Beschäftigung

SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Bevölkerung, Volkswirtschaftslehre

Verfügbarkeit:http://www.soziologie.uni-halle.de/publikationen/pdf/0504.pd...

Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht