Inhalt: Gender inclusion is fundamental to a prosperous society, but inequality and exclusion persist in various sectors of it. One of them is the ICT field, which is still struggling to represent the diversity of those it serves. The lack of diversity and power imbalance in software development affects the produced systems, that, instead of advancing gender inclusion, create new barriers in achieving it. Although considered neutral, software does not equally serve everyone who depends on it, favoring characteristics that are statistically more observed in those that are represented during development. As software development teams are predominantly male, it is not surprising that existing systems favor characteristics that are statistically more observed in men over characteristics observed in other genders. As technologies rapidly evolve and revolutionize the way we live, addressing this problem becomes urgent to ensure that these systems benefit everyone, regardless of their gender. As a first step towards this goal, we performed a systematic mapping study on gender issues in software engineering whose results indicated that gender impacts development and systems, but there are limited approaches for addressing it in Requirements Engineering. This study served as the foundation for proposing a conceptual model for gender-inclusive requirements. Its main objective is to facilitate discussion and analysis of gender and related concepts in the elicitation process to include them in the specification of requirements. In this paper, we extend this work by illustrating the concepts with an example, by presenting a process for using the knowledge of the model and a prototype tool that implements it, and by discussing an evaluation with 31 participants of the conceptual model’s usefulness, difficulty of understanding, strengths and weaknesses, use and recommendation, and finally, its components. The results were positive as both novices and experts in conceptual modeling considered the model useful, provided comprehensive feedback on its strengths but also suggestions for improvement, and most answered positively to the questions about whether they would use and recommend it

Schlagwörter:engineering; gender inclusion; knowledge

CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2022.102108

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics is an outstanding resource for anyone with an interest in feminist bioethics, with chapters covering topics from justice and power to the climate crisis.

Schlagwörter:Biologie; biology; feminism; Feminismus; Gerechtigkeit; Justice; Macht; power

CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk

Inhalt: Much attention is focused on finding ways to encourage females to study STEM in school and college but what actually happens once women complete a STEM degree? We use the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey to trace out gender differences in STEM persistence over the career. We find a continuous process whereby women are more likely to exit STEM than men. Among holders of STEM undergraduate degrees, women are more likely to obtain a non- STEM master's degree. Then, after entering the labour market, there is a gradual outflow of females during the first 15 years post-graduation so that females are about 20 percentage points less likely to work in STEM compared to their male counterparts. Conditional on leaving STEM, we find that females are more likely to enter the education and health sectors while males are more likely to enter the more lucrative business sector and that this can partly explain the gender pay gap for STEM graduates. Overall, our results suggest that policies that aim to increase the proportion of females studying STEM in school and college may have less effect than expected due to the lower attachment of females to STEM after graduation. Such policies may need to be augmented with efforts to tackle the greater propensity of females to exit STEM throughout the career.

Schlagwörter:education; female; female scientist; female underrepresentation; gender differences; gender pay gap; Geschlechterunterschied; health; labor market; STEM

CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: In numerous fields of science, work, and everyday life, humans and machines have been increasingly entangled, developing an ever-growing toolbox of interactions. These entanglements affect our daily lives and pose possibilities as well as restrictions, chances as well as challenges. The contributions of this volume tackle related issues by adopting a highly interdisciplinary perspective. How do digitalization and artificial intelligence affect gender relations? How can intersectionality be newly understood in an increasingly internationally networked world? This volume is a collection of contributions deriving from the “Interdisciplinary Conference on the Relations of Humans, Machines and Gender” which took place in Braunschweig (October 16–19, 2019). It also includes the keynotes given by Cecile Crutzen, Galit Wellner and Helen Verran. The necessity of inter- and transdisciplinary reflection processes, especially between the social sciences and humanities on the one hand and the technical and natural sciences on the other hand, results from complex man-machine configurations: Machines open up new possibilities for mobility and communication, relieve us of tedious tasks, allow us to share information or overcome physical limitations. At the same time, technical products influence the way we think, act and feel, i.e. our forms of subjectification. Machines are thus not only configured by humans, but they represent an essential part of the (re)configuration of the human. How do relationships between humans and machines reproduce gender relations and are these relationships gendered? Which fields of action arise from the perspective of gender studies, queer and postcolonial studies?

Schlagwörter:artificial intelligence; digitalization; gender relations; Gender Studies; human-machine interaction; interdisciplinarity; Science and Technology Studies

CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk

Inhalt: This paper contributes to the literature on the gender wage gap by empirically analyzing those workers who hold the highest possible educational qualification, i.e., a Ph.D. The analysis relies on recent Italian cross-sectional data collected through a survey on the employment conditions of Ph.D. holders. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis and quantile decomposition analysis are carried out, and the selection of Ph.D. holders into employment and STEM/non-STEM fields of specialization is taken into account. Findings suggest that a gender gap in hourly wages exists among Ph.D. holders, with sizeable differences by sector of employment and field of specialization.

Schlagwörter:gender pay gap; Italien; Italy; Phd; Post-doc; science as a profession; STEM; wissenschaftliche Karriere

CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bejeap-2020-0...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: "We have seen through many examples that data science and artificial intelligence can reinforce structural inequalities like sexism and racism. Data is power, and that power is distributed unequally. This book offers a vision for a feminist data science that can challenge power and work towards justice. This book takes a stand against a world that benefits some (including the authors, two white women) at the expense of others. It seeks to provide concrete steps for data scientists seeking to learn how feminism can help them work towards justice, and for feminists seeking to learn how their own work can carry over to the growing field of data science. It is addressed to professionals in all fields where data-driven decisions are being made, as well as to communities that want to better understand the data that surrounds them. It is written for everyone who seeks to better understand the charts and statistics that they encounter in their day-to-day lives, and for everyone who seeks to better communicate the significance of such charts and statistics to others. This is an example-driven book written with a broad audience of scholars, students, and practitioners in mind. It offers a way of thinking about data, both their uses and their limits, that is informed by direct experience, by a commitment to action, and by the ideas associated with intersectional feminist thought"--

Schlagwörter:binary; data analysis; Daten; digitale Verhaltensdaten (DVD); feminism; Feminismus; Gender; Geschlechterbegriff; Rassismus; sexism; Sexismus; soziale Ungleichheit; Statistik; strukturelle Diskriminierung

CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://bookbook.pubpub.org/data-feminism

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk

Inhalt: The literature on gender and professions shows that professional careers continue to be impacted by gender – albeit with important differences among professions and countries. Much less researched is the issue of the significance of gender and age-cohort or generation to professional work. Gender, Age and Inequality in the Professions explores men’s and women’s experiences of professional work and careers through an intersectional lens by focusing on the intersection of gender and age. The chapters explore different professions – including Medicine, Nursing, Law, Academia, Information Technology and Engineering – in different Western countries, in the present and over time. Through original research, and critical re-analysis of existing research, each of the chapters explores the significance of gender and age-cohort or generation to professional work, with particular attention to professionals just entering professional careers, those building professional careers, and comparisons of men and women in professions across generational cohorts. The book contributes to literature on inequalities in the professions by demonstrating the ways in which gender and age converge to confer privilege and produce disadvantage, and the ways in which gender inequality is reproduced, and disrupted, through the activities of professionals on the job. The book constitutes a departure point for future research in terms of theoretical perspectives and empirical findings on how gendered and age-related processes are produced and reproduced in particular organisational, professional and socio-cultural contexts. To enhance generational understanding, relationships and collaboration in educational institutions, organisations and professions, the book ends with a section on policy recommendations for educators, professionals, professional organisations as well as policy- and decision-makers. This book will also appeal to students and researchers in the fields of Sociology, Gender Studies, Organisational and Management Studies, Law, Medicine, Engineering and Information Technology as well as related disciplines.

Schlagwörter:Diskriminierung; Diskriminierung am Arbeitsplatz; early career; Fachkraft; Finnland; gender and age; Gender Studies; Geschlechterungleichheit; IngenieurIn; Ingenieurwissenschaft; Intersektionalität; law; medicine; Medizinerin; Nachwuchswissenschaftlerin; organizational and management studies; Rechtswissenschaft; Schweiz; sociology; USA

CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk

Inhalt: Trotz Bemühungen auf Ebene der Gleichstellung sind Frauen nach wie vor im MINT-Bereich an deutschen Hochschulen unterrepräsentiert. Was mögen die Gründe dafür sein? Mit den Methoden der Sozialwissenschaften untersuchen Wissenschaftler*innen die Ursachen für diese Geschlechter-Disbalance. So auch Inka Greusing in ihrer Dissertationsschrift, in der sie auf verschiedene immanente Strukturen in unseren Köpfen, in unserem Verhalten und in den Studiengängen hinweist. Dadurch wird klar, dass Maßnahmen zur Veränderung der Situation nach wie vor notwendig sind. Die Analyse von Inka Greusing stellt einen sorgfältig ausgearbeiteten Beitrag für das Forschungsfeld Gender Studies in den MINT-Fächern dar.

Schlagwörter:Gender; Geschlecht; Gleichstellung; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Hochschule; MINT; Technik

CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.14766/1270

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Geschlechterforschung in und zur Biologie ist notwendiger denn je, um naturalistischen Vorstellungen über Geschlechterdifferenz und Geschlechterverhältnisse entgegenzutreten und die Fragwürdigkeit von Positionen aufzuzeigen, die glauben, sich auf biologische Erkenntnisse beziehen zu können. Dieser Sammelband beleuchtet das Thema Geschlecht in der Biologie aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und liefert konkrete Beispiele. Das Werk ist Teil der Reihe Schriften zur interdisziplinären Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Band 12.

Schlagwörter:Biologie; Geschlechterforschung

CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk

Inhalt: This Special Issue, recognising vertical gender segregation in higher education, combines papers focusing on challenges for women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines in career progression and taking on leadership roles.

Schlagwörter:Führungsposition; Geschlecht; Geschlechtersegregation; Karriereentwicklung; Männlichkeit; MINT

CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:http://genderandset.open.ac.uk/index.php/genderandset/articl...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz