Inhalt: In the last decades, a vast number of post-industrialised economies have experienced a growing participation of women in higher education. However, men and women still differ with regard to their subsequent academic careers and labour market prospects. While several studies have disentangled the cumulative process of gender inequalities along the path to higher education, few studies cover two or more subsequent transitions in the academic career following graduation from upper-secondary education. We have investigated gender differences at five educational stages between graduation from upper-secondary education and the first post-doc position. To explain gender differences, we have integrated arguments of individual decision-making and educational, familial and work context conditions. This life course perspective leads us to propose several hypotheses on why the academic careers of men and women would differ in terms of transitions to the next education stage and graduation. We test our hypotheses using a longitudinal dataset which covers a large part of individual educational and academic careers of a cohort of students, beginning at the age of 20 years and extending up to the age of 40 years. Our results show that gender differences are more pronounced at the beginning of the academic career and tend to fade out at later stages. In particular, gender differences occur most strongly at transitions to the next educational stage rather than being caused by different graduation rates. These differences can be explained only to a very minor extent by performance. Separated analysis shows that men and women differ in their reasons to start or stop an academic career, with family circumstances in particular having different consequences.

Schlagwörter:academic career; Educational decision; gender differences; gender inequality; higher education; inequality; life course; Post-doc

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10734-018-0...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Skills shortage of nursing staff and physicians is a "hot topic" in health politics. For the future recruitment of medical staff in anesthesiology, an analysis of the staff development during the last decades considering gender aspects seems to be important. Therefore, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of data from the "Statistisches Bundesamt" (Fachserie 12 Reihe 7.3.1 and Fachserie 12 Reihe 6.1.1.) from 1994 until 2015. The analysis compared the development of anesthesiological staff (physicians) with the overall development of medical staff (physicians) in respect of the number of residents, consultants and department chairs. There are two major differences between the development of medical staff in anesthesiology and the overall development of medical staff: (1) in anesthesiology there is a high percentage of consultants without management tasks, (2) though the percentage of female colleagues is increasing both in anesthesiology and overall, the percentage of female colleagues in management or chair positions is lower in anesthesiology compared to the other disciplines, altogether. Anesthesiology is a discipline in which both the number of tasks and personnel have risen over the last two decades. The comparatively huge increase in the number of residents and consultants without management tasks suggests that the number of tasks in daily routine has substantially increased for anesthesiologists. The comparatively low percentage of female colleagues in chair positions should give an impulse to improve the compatibility of family and working live both for clinical and scientific careers.

Schlagwörter:Anästhesiologie; Ärzte in Weiterbildung; Beschäftigtenstruktur; fachärztliche Weiterbildung; Fachkräftemangel; Karrierebarriere; Medizin; Personalentwicklung; work-life balance

CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00101-019-0585-z

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Traveling to academic conferences to present research and network is essential for scholars to achieve success in the academy. Scholars with family obligations face barriers to participating in conferences, partly because most regional and national conferences are not organized to be family-friendly. While balancing travel to academic conferences with family responsibilities is a challenge faced by all academics, this burden can be especially high for women. As such, improving the family-friendly features of conferences could be one way to patch the “leaky pipeline” of young female scholars leaving the academy, and facilitate the movement of female faculty through the ranks from Assistant to Associate to Full Professor. We identify these barriers to conference attendance and how they might contribute to the leaky pipeline and share innovations from family-friendly small conferences that minimize these burdens. We also review what the major political science association conferences are doing to be family-friendly, and offer details about further recommended changes. Finally, we highlight one exemplary institutional policy and examples from other disciplines. Our conclusion is that there are many simple and affordable ways to make political science conferences more family-friendly and that these changes are necessary to creating an inclusive discipline.

Schlagwörter:academy; conferences; Frauen in der Wissenschaft; Gender; Mutterschaft; parenting; political science discipline

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2017.1403936

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Schlagwörter:Familienpolitik; gender neutrality; Geschlechterungleichheit; Gleichstellungspolitik; Hochschulentwicklung; Vereinbarkeit

CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.gesis.org/fileadmin/cews/www/CEWSjournal/CEWS-jo...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Der Wandel wird auch in den kommenden Jahren in der Wissenschaft weitergehen. Wie auch in der Wirtschaft bleiben die Trends Digitalisierung und technologische Innovation einerseits und die trotz kleinerer politischer Rückschläge weiter fortschreitende Globalisierung andererseits die wesentlichen Treiber für Veränderung. Daneben gibt es demografische Entwicklungen, die Veränderung auch für den Bildungssektor bedeuten. Die akuter werdende Frage nach gesellschaftlichen Prioritäten und nach der Verteilung der Finanzmittel, auch über politische Ressortgrenzen hinweg, führt zu einer weiter wachsenden Bedeutung der Verankerung der Wissenschaftsinstitutionen in der Gesellschaft. Für die Führungskräfte dieser Organisationen heißt das, dass interkulturelle Kompetenz, die Fähigkeit zu Kollaboration und zum Stakeholder-Management und das Umgehen mit komplexen Führungsherausforderungen und Spannungsfeldern weiter an Bedeutung zunehmen. Die Führungskräfte von morgen müssen sich noch stärker der Frage stellen, was die „License to operate“ ihrer wissenschaftlichen Institution ist.

Schlagwörter:demographische Entwicklung; Digitalisierung; Führungskultur; Globalisierung; interkulturelle Kompetenz; Kollaboration; Stakeholder-Management; Wissenschaftsleadership; work-life balance

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Hochschulen, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Wissenschaftspolitik

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27226-5_5

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag

Inhalt: This study presents new findings on tenure-track job outcomes for mothers who parented children during graduate school. Using NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates (2000–2005) and Survey of Doctorate Recipients data (2000–2013), I explore how PhD mothers’ accumulation of career-related resources in graduate school influences their likelihood of attaining tenure-track jobs.

Schlagwörter:doctoral recipients; faculty careers; mothers

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11162-019-09561-z

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Focusing on the status of highly educated women in the workplace, this book examines how a particular demographic and workforce group can help to close the gender pay gap worldwide. Despite contributing to the substantial fall of differentials between men and women on a global scale, the demographic of highly educated women is rarely explored in terms of its impact on gender equality. Drawing on both macro- and micro-level perspectives, this book analyses the theory behind gender segregation and initiatives for women’s inclusion, as well as offering empirical accounts of women’s experiences in the workplace. The authors have written a timely and valuable book that will appeal to both researchers of diversity and inclusion in the workplace, but also policy-makers and practitioners involved in HR.

Schlagwörter:EU-28; gender pay gap; gender segregation; human resources; Pay gap; STEM; women equality initiatives

CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18861-0

Dokumenttyp:Monographie

Inhalt: Women, especially those in mid-career, who identify as mothers and academics make complex choices limited by a unique set of external and internal constraints and challenges that shape their families and academic career trajectories. This chapter seeks to examine the current decisions and behaviors of Academic Mothers, highlighting ways in which these decisions and actions are constrained by institutional, familial, and societal factors. The author makes the invisible struggles of mid-career Academic Mothers more transparent and offers practical strategies for addressing challenges Academic Mothers face.

Schlagwörter:academia; academic mother; Frauen in der Wissenschaft; institutional cultures; mid-career professional; Mutterschaft; societal factors; work-family balance

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004408180_004

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag

Inhalt: Imke Buß weist in ihrem Open-Access-Buch nach, dass Hochschulen durch die strategische Gestaltung ihrer Studienstrukturen die Vereinbarkeit von Studium, Familie und Beruf ermöglichen können. Die Autorin entwickelt ein empirisch geprüftes Modell struktureller Studierbarkeit, welches die Bedürfnisse einer diversen Studierendenschaft berücksichtigt. Die Gemeinsamkeiten, welche Studierende mit Sorgeaufgaben, Erwerbstätigkeit und Behinderung eint, sind insbesondere deren zeitliche Restriktionen. Das Modell ist als Steuerungsinstrument für ein selbstbestimmtes Qualitätsmanagement an Hochschulen geeignet. Die Arbeit bietet darüber hinaus Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung von Studienstrukturen, u.a. zu E-Learning, Veranstaltungszeiten, SWS und Teilzeitstudium.

Schlagwörter:Diversity; Familie-Beruf; Studienbedingungen; Studierbarkeit; Teilzeit-Studium; Vereinbarkeit

CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Studium und Studierende, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26206-8

Dokumenttyp:Monographie

Inhalt: The transitional phase in the Twenty first century epoch has marked the most challenging stage of human lives. Employment and life style patterns are gradually transforming with the advent and influence of globalization, modernization, and urban ways of living and enhanced competition from the other nations. The role of women is very challenging due to the higher level of expectations; they have to gratify to make their living in the male dominating society. Women have to perform multiple roles and are expected to make proper balance between their personal as well as professional lives. In order to meet their personal, professional and social needs, they have to struggle with numerous gauntlets in the complex environment. The conflict in their job role and family role is one of the biggest challenges in the present era. Hence, the study aims at providing the insight to the conceptual framework of work-life balance, its significance in the lives of working women as well as various measures to ensure the certainty of balance in their lives.

Schlagwörter:Frauen in der Wissenschaft; Frauenrolle; Globalisierung; Lifestyle; Modernisierung; work-life balance

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3376473

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz