Inhalt: "Die Handlungsmacht von Frauen im postrevolutionären Iran ist in hohem Maße mit religiösen Frauenzirkeln und deren spezifischen Ritualen verbunden. Aktuelle wissenschaftliche Arbeiten attestieren neuen Formen religiös basierter Präsenz von Frauen in der Öffentlichkeit eine hohe Bedeutung. Im Fall des Iran ist die drängende Frage, in welchem Ausmaß religiöses Handeln in weiblichen Pietätszirkeln - lange vor der Revolution 1978/79 gegründet und mit wachsender Relevanz danach - über diese Zirkel hinaus zivilgesellschaftliche Bedeutung zukommt. Diese Studie widmet sich den inneren Dynamiken unter Frauen innerhalb der Zirkel aus der Perspektive struktureller Machtbeziehungen. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Prozess der 'Selbst-Spiritualisierung' von Frauen, und zwar als eine Form der Selbstermächtigung und Selbstautorisierung, und weiterhin als Modus einer spirituell legitimierten Hierarchiebildung innerhalb der Zirkel. Es wird argumentiert, dass diese Art des religiösen Wettbewerbs unter Frauen Geschlechtersegregation reproduziert und die Unterordnung unter institutionalisierte Strukturen männlicher, religiöser Macht verstärkt. Die Wirkungen der 'Selbst-Spiritualisierung' in Form von Selbstermächtigung, Selbstautorisierung können aber auch als Ausdruck von Selbstbestimmung gelesen werden: über das Aushandeln von neuen Geschlechterrollen und politischen Lebenshaltungen, inklusive nichtreligiöser Bewegungen." (Autorenreferat)

Inhalt: "The agency of women in Islamicate societies is largely anchored in ideas over pious circles and gender-specific rituals. Recent studies attest religious modes of women's presence in the public space a high significance. Taking the case of Iran, the urging question is how and to which extent religious agency within female pious circles - which were formed before the 1978/9 Revolution and fashioned after it - has been able to attain broader civil significance beyond these circles. This study explores the inner dynamics of female pious circles among women as related to structural power relations. It spells out the process of 'self-spiritualization' to characterize interactions within the circles that act as a tool for self-elevation and self-authorization and as a mode of spiritually legitimated construction of hierarchies within the circles' spiritual empowerment. It is argued that a type of pious competition between the women unfolds leading to an affirmation of gender segregation and concomitantly, of submission to institutionalized structures of masculine hierarchy and power. Finally, it pursues the effects of unfolding 'self-spiritualization' through elevation, authenticity and self-authorization that might achieve a considerable degree of self-empowerment for negotiating gender roles and political life attitudes." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:woman; religiöse Gruppe; religious group; Religiosität; religiousness; Islam; Islam; Empowerment; empowerment; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Segregation; segregation; Macht; power; Ritual; ritual; Iran; Iran; Nahost; Middle East; Weibliche Pietätszirkel; Selbst-Spiritualisierung; islamische Pietät; Stärkung der Frauen; Märtyrertum; Träume

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.3224/gender.v9i3.09

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: "Der Beitrag beleuchtet das Engagement von Frauen im Umfeld der Salafiyya. Dazu wird gefragt, auf welche Weise Frauen an der Politisierung der Salafiyya-Strömungen teilhaben. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, werden in einem induktiven Vorgehen zentrale Beiträge von Frauen zur Verbreitung der Salafiyya-Ideologie analysiert. Zudem wird die Teilnahme der Frauen - durch soziale Netzwerke wie Facebook oder ägyptischen Medien - am Prozess der Politisierung der Salafiyya nach dem Aufstand von 2011 untersucht." (Autorenreferat)

Inhalt: "This article investigates women's involvement in the Salafi milieu. We ask how women follow and participate in the politicization of Salafi trends. To answer this question, we analyze, through an inductive approach, their important contributions in spreading Salafi ideology. Then, we investigate their participation - through social networks (e.g., Facebook, Egyptian media) - in the process of Salafi politicization in the aftermath of the 2011 uprising." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:Revolution; Islam; religious movement; Arab countries; Politisierung; empowerment; politicization; religiöse Bewegung; woman; political participation; Islam; Empowerment; revolution; Egypt; Nordafrika; arabische Länder; Ägypten; North Africa; politische Partizipation

SSOAR Kategorie:Religionssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.3224/gender.v9i1.03

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: The European Court of Human Rights decision in SAS from France illustrates how a policy and national mantra that ostensibly aims to enhance inclusiveness, ‘living together’, is legally deployed in a manner that may have the opposite effect. In essence, despite acknowledging the sincerity of SAS’s religious practice of wearing the niqab, and her agency in making the decision to do so, the Court focuses on radicalism and women’s oppression amongst Muslims. Taking the notion of living together as the beginning point, the paper explores the normative assumptions underlying this notion as illustrated in the judgment of the Court. An alternative approach, drawing on the work of Derrida for the notion of ‘living well together’ will be proposed and its implications for social inclusion explicated. The paper’s aim is to move beyond the specific example of SAS and France to argue that the SAS pattern of identifying particular values as ‘national values’, the deployment of those values through law, policy and public discourse, and their exclusionary effects is playing out in a number of Western democracies, including Canada, the country with which the author is most familiar. Because of this widespread dissemination of values and their framing as representative of who ‘we’ are, there is a pressing need to consider the potentially alienating effects of a specific manifestation of ‘living together’ and an alternative model of ‘living well together’. (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:Frankreich; France; Gesetzgebung; legislation; Gesetz; act; Religiosität; religiousness; Religionsgemeinschaft; religious community; Religionspolitik; religious policy; Islam; Islam; kulturelle Identität; cultural identity; soziale Norm; social norm; Wertkonflikt; conflict of values; Exklusion; exclusion; Vorurteil; prejudice; Stereotyp; stereotype; woman; Muslim; Muslim; Kleidung; clothing; Menschenrechte; human rights; soziale Integration; social integration

SSOAR Kategorie:Religionssoziologie, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i2.504

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: "Wie rechtfertigen Dschihadisten den bewaffneten Kampf, wie mobilisieren sie neue Anhänger und begründen ihre gesellschaftlichen Ordnungsvorstellungen? Der vorliegende Report erfasst zentrale moralische, politische, eschatologische und genderspezifische Rechtfertigungsnarrative dschihadistischer Salafisten. Diese dienen nicht nur der Legitimation von Gewalt, sondern auch der ideologischen Selbstvergewisserung und der Mobilisierung von Anhängern. Vor allem wegen dieser Mobilisierungsrolle ist es wichtig, die Rechtfertigungsnarrative zu identifizieren und ihnen verschiedene Gegennarrative gegenüberzustellen: von nicht-gewaltbereiten Salafisten, von Muslimen und Nicht-Muslimen. Der Report gibt daher sowohl einen Überblick über die vorhandenen Rechtfertigungsnarrative, als auch über die unterschiedlichen Gegennarrative. Er entwickelt daraus Empfehlungen an Politik und Wissenschaft." (Autorenreferat)

Inhalt: "How do Jihadists justify armed fighting and their ideas of social order? How do they mobilize new followers? This report summarizes moral, political and gender-specific narratives of salafi-Jihadists. These narratives are used to legitimize violence and mobilize supporters, but also for ideological self-assurance. Due to their role for recruitment, it is crucial to identify these narratives and come up with counter-narratives. Therefore several counter-narratives from non-violent salafists, Muslims and non-Muslims are addressed. The report also provides recommendations for politics and science." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:islamism; narration; Weiblichkeit; religious movement; gender role; Ideologie; mobilization; femininity; legitimation; religiöse Bewegung; Geschlechtsrolle; Mobilisierung; Islamismus; Narration; political violence; Männlichkeit; Legitimation; politische Gewalt; masculinity; ideology; Salafismus; Dschihadismus

SSOAR Kategorie:Religionssoziologie, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-46696-5

Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht

Inhalt: "The uprisings that led to regime change during the early period of the Arab Spring were initially inclusive and pluralistic in nature, with men and women from every political and religious orientation engaging actively in political activities on the street and in virtual spaces. While there was an opening of political space for women and the inclusion of demands of marginalized groups in the activists' agenda, the struggle to reimagine national identities that balance Islamic roots and secular yearnings is still ongoing in many countries in the region. This paper seeks to deepen understanding of the extent to which the pluralistic sentiments and openness to accepting the rights women have persisted following the uprising. We aim to examine changes in attitudes towards women's equality in countries that underwent regime change through popular uprisings during revolutionary upheavals of the Arab Spring and in countries where regimes have remained unchanged. Using available data from consecutive rounds of the Arab Barometer survey, we examine changes in attitudes in nine countries with two rounds of Arab Barometer during and post Arab Spring (Egypt, Yemen, Tunisia, Algeria, Lebanon, Sudan, Jordan, Iraq, Palestine). We find that support for 'Muslim feminism' (an interpretation of gender equality grounded in Islam) has increased over the period and particularly in Arab Spring countries, while support for 'secular feminism' has declined. In most countries examined, relatively high degrees of support for gender equality co-exist with a preference for Islamic interpretations of personal status codes pertaining to women. We discuss the implications of these findings for academics and activists concerned with women's rights in the Middle East North Africa (MENA)." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:Nordafrika; North Africa; arabische Länder; Arab countries; Nahost; Middle East; politischer Wandel; political change; politische Partizipation; political participation; Islamismus; islamism; Säkularisierung; secularization; woman; Menschenrechte; human rights; Feminismus; feminism; Muslim; Muslim; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Einstellung; attitude; gender-specific factors; Einstellungsänderung; attitude change; Islam; Islam; Religiosität; religiousness; Arab democratic exceptionalism; Arab Spring

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur, Religionssoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i4.767

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: "Frauenrechte und Religion müssen keinen Gegensatz darstellen, wird anerkannt, dass religiöse Inhalte verschiedentlich interpretierbar sind und sich über die Zeit verändern und dass Geschlechtergleichstellung auch das Recht von Frauen auf freie Religionsausübung umfasst. Dieser Artikel stellt, ausgehend von einer sozial-konstruktivistischen und einer menschenrechtlichen Perspektive, alternative Strategien des politischen Umgangs mit Konflikten zwischen Religionsfreiheit und Frauenrechten in Europa zur Diskussion, die einer Hierarchisierung dieser beiden Menschenrechtsbereiche entgegentreten." (Autorenreferat)

Inhalt: "Women's rights and religion do not have to form a contradiction if we acknowledge the fact that religious contents can be interpreted in different ways and change over time and that gender equality includes women's right to the free practice of religion. Starting from a social constructivist and a human rights perspective, this article discusses alternative strategies for dealing politically with conflicts between religious freedom and women's rights in Europe; these alternative strategies oppose the hierarchization of these two areas of human rights." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:Religion; religion; Glaubensfreiheit; religious freedom; woman; Versöhnung; reconciliation; Hierarchie; hierarchy; Europa; Europe; Rechte und Pflichten; rights and responsibilities; Menschenrechte; human rights

SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-429909

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: "Ever since the Princeton European Fertility Project on the decline of fertility, the question of how (changes in) cultural beliefs have influenced the historical fertility transition has been in the forefront of historical demographic research. Previous research has however mostly assessed the influence of religious denomination and has not examined the impact of wider beliefs or 'cultural life scripts'. On the basis of a folklore questionnaire, this article examines the occurrence, content, and geographical patterning of popular beliefs about childbearing in relation to fertility patterns in 1.022 rural Dutch communities during the nineteen forties. Beliefs in isolation and churching of women existed in almost half of all communities, particularly among Catholic populations, while fear of enchantment of infants was still alive in about a fifth of all municipalities. To be sure, such popular beliefs were rapidly vanishing and remnants were still found in isolated and strongly religious areas. A multivariate analysis shows that in communities where beliefs in churching and witchcraft still existed, birth rates were significantly higher. The study shows the salience of including popular beliefs in studies of fertility behavior and fertility decline. Moreover, it extends the concept of cultural life scripts beyond that of age norms to include prescriptions on social contexts, conducts, and practices surrounding important life passages." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:20. Jahrhundert; Netherlands; Geburtenrückgang; fertility; Katholik; birth; reproductive behavior; determinants; kulturelle Faktoren; declining birth rate; faith; Fruchtbarkeit; Glaube; cultural factors; Roman Catholic; generatives Verhalten; Ritual; Aberglaube; ritual; woman; Geburt; superstition; Religion; religion; gender-specific factors; Determinanten; twentieth century; Niederlande; cultural life script; popular beliefs

SSOAR Kategorie:Religionssoziologie, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, Bevölkerung

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.39.2014.1.76-103

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: In Muslim societies, men use Islamism and its variants as means of self-actualization and directly in service of matters associated with personhood, masculinity, and particularly honor. This expressive trajectory i.e. exercising masculinity via Islamism holds true in Pakistan and can be broadly attributed to three elements. First, Pakistan’s postcolonial baggage – a well-documented history of rise of Muslim nationalism, and Islamism in the subcontinent; second, western domination and interference in Pakistan’s socio-economic and political domains (as in competition with Islamic heritage and governance frameworks) affecting some segments (and not all) among Muslim youth; and third, decades of authoritarian rule taking turns with weak democratic governments who have largely disappointed in terms of alleviating absolute to relative poverty, marginalization and alienation troubling Pakistani society. Pakistan’s history and contemporary settings both reveal a dissonance between the prescribed, normative and idealized Muslim masculinity imperatives – and the socio-economic and political location of Pakistani men in the real world. Mostly leading dangerous, disenfranchised, and economically deprived lives it is difficult for them to uphold, for example, Quran’s masculine imperative of being a qawwam or an ethnic normative of honor. Islamism becomes one such avenue that increases the possibility of self-assertion and actualization of masculinity imperatives and as they appear in religious and cultural texts, narratives and anecdotes – for instance the theme of martyrdom. The resulting death will not only be divine, but also heroic. In the presence of precedence i.e. in form of documented history highlighting jihadism – this becomes plausible and ultimately adds to individual and collective rationality among Muslims. To develop these ideas further, this article draws upon empirical data sets and historical archival records.

Schlagwörter:islamism; self-realization; Selbstverwirklichung; Islamic society; Koran; Pakistan; Koran; gender role; sozioökonomische Faktoren; Geschlechtsrolle; Religiosität; political identity; Südasien; man; masculinity; religiousness; politische Identität; socioeconomic factors; Mann; kulturelle Identität; Islamismus; cultural identity; South Asia; Männlichkeit; terrorism; islamische Gesellschaft; Pakistan; Terrorismus; militant/ jihadist Islamism

SSOAR Kategorie:Religionssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.39.2014.3.135-149

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: "Seit der Wende 1989 erfahren die jüdischen Gemeinden in Polen eine Wiederbelebung und ein wachsendes Interesse, ihre Traditionen zu bewahren. Diese Revitalisierung ist aus der Geschlechterperspektive auch kritisch zu betrachten, sofern sich diese auf orthodoxe religiöse Traditionen bezieht. Eines der problematischen Symptome ist die Stärkung der Geschlechterhierarchie und die Unterprivilegierung der Frauen. Andererseits haben die weltlichen jüdischen Organisationen emanzipatorische Wirkungen für polnische Jüdinnen. Der Beitrag präsentiert Erfahrungen von Frauen in der Jüdischen Community in Polen. Er basiert auf Interviews mit Frauen der jüdischen Gemeinden in Krakau und Warschau, die zwischen 2006 und 2009 geführt wurden, und gibt einen kritischen Einblick in ein Phänomen, das im Allgemeinen sehr positiv gesehen wird." (Autorenreferat)

Inhalt: "The Jewish community in Poland has been experiencing a revival since the democratic transformation in 1989. Proof of that is the growing number of Jewish institutions, educational programmes and the increasing interest in preserving Jewish heritage. However, when analyzed from a gender perspective, this revival is problematical. One of its symptoms is the strengthening of gender biases and hierarchies that keep women in underprivileged positions. On the other hand, Jewish organizations serve as a vehicle of emancipation for Polish Jewish women. This article presents some aspects of women's experience in the contemporary Jewish community in Poland. It is based on qualitative research done between 2006 and 2009 in Krakow and Warsaw and gives a critical analysis of a phenomenon that is generally seen as very positive." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:post-socialist country; Jude; role; ethnische Gruppe; Polen; image of women; ethnic group; Emanzipation; Frauenbild; Judaism; woman; emancipation; Feminismus; Judentum; Poland; Minderheit; Rolle; minority; feminism; postsozialistisches Land; Jew

SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Religionssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-396312

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: "Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, warum in einem katholisch geprägten Land wie Polen bisher keine katholische Frauenbewegung entstand, die sich für einen Wandel hin zu mehr Geschlechtergleichberechtigung innerhalb der Kirche einsetzt. Es wird dargestellt, welche Weiblichkeitskonstruktionen der polnische Katholizismus schuf und wie sich diese auf die Situation der Polinnen heute auswirken. Weiterhin wird untersucht, welche Möglichkeit der Teilhabe Polinnen innerhalb der katholischen Kirche gegenwärtig haben und wie der Entwicklungsstand der feministischen Theologie in Polen ist. Es wird ebenfalls die Debatte um die Kontroverse zur möglichen Verbindung von Feminismus und Katholizismus und die Bedeutung des 'neuen Feminismus' von Johannes Paul II. für katholische Frauen vorgestellt. Abschließend wird untersucht, ob die bereits existierenden katholischen Frauenorganisationen in Polen zur Frauenbewegung zählen können." (Autorenreferat)

Inhalt: "This article deals with the question of why no Catholic feminist movement has yet emerged in a Catholic-oriented country like Poland which stands up for a change towards more gender equality within the Church. The article explains which femininity constructions were created by Polish Catholicism and which effect they have on the situation of Polish women today. It also investigates which possibilities of participation Polish women currently have within the Catholic Church and the level of development of feminist theology in Poland. Further, the debate about the controversy on the possible connection between feminism and Catholicism and the meaning of the 'new feminism' of Johannes Paul II for Catholic women will be presented. Subsequently, the article also investigates whether existing Catholic feminist organizations in Poland can be said to belong to the feminist movement." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:Frauenbewegung; theology; post-socialist country; Katholizismus; Roman Catholic; Katholik; Polen; women's organization; katholische Kirche; identity; Identität; Feminismus; Poland; Catholic Church (Roman); Frauenorganisation; feminism; postsozialistisches Land; Theologie; Catholicism; women's movement

SSOAR Kategorie:Religionssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung

Verfügbarkeit:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-396342

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz