Sexual Harassment of Women : Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine - A Consensus Study Report of The National Academies of Scienes - Engineering - Medicine
Herausgeber/in:
Johnson, Paula A.; Widnall, Sheila E.; Benya, Frazier F.; Committee on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academia; Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine; Policy and Global Affairs
Quelle: Committee on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academia; Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine; Policy and Global Affairs; Johnson, Paula A.; Widnall, Sheila E.; Benya, Frazier F.; Washington (DC): National Academies Press, 2018. 311 S
Inhalt: Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers. Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers. Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings.
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Statistik und statistische Daten, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Are New Career Models for Science Research Emerging?
Autor/in:
White, Kate
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, S 73–87
Inhalt: This paper explores how the traditional gendered model of science excellence impacts on the careers of women scientists. Using an Australian case study, it then examines the following aspects of science careers: what gives scientists job satisfaction; differing perceptions of how to build science careers; how networks, mobility and mentoring are fundamental to research careers; how gender is often a factor in science research careers; and huge generational change underway that is leading to new career models. The paper argues that these new models have the capacity to change the traditional gendered model of science careers.
Schlagwörter:Akademische Karriere; Arbeitszufriedenheit; career paths in science; Exzellenz; Frauen in der Wissenschaft; Gender; Geschlecht; Gleichstellung; Higher Education; Hochschule; Mentoring; Mobilität; Netzwerk; new career models; Österreich; wissenschaftliche Karriere; Wissenschaftskarriere
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Assessing the landscape of US postdoctoral salaries
Autor/in:
Athanasiadou, Rodoniki; Bankston, Adriana; Carlisle, McKenzie; Niziolek, Caroline A.; McDowell, Gary S.
Quelle: Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education, 9 (2018) 2, S 213–242
Inhalt: Purpose - Postdocs make up a significant portion of the biomedical workforce. However, data about the postdoctoral position are generally scarce, and no systematic study of the landscape of individual postdoc salaries in the USA has previously been carried out. The purpose of this study was to assess actual salaries for postdocs using data gathered from US public institutions; determine how these salaries may vary with postdoc title, institutional funding and geographic region; and reflect on which institutional and federal policy measures may have the greatest impact on salaries nationally.
Design/methodology/approach - Freedom of Information Act Requests were submitted to US public universities or university systems containing campuses with at least 300 science, engineering and health postdocs, according to the 2015 National Science Foundation's Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering. Salaries and job titles of postdocs as of December 1, 2016, were requested.
Findings - Salaries and job titles for nearly 14,000 postdocs at 52 US institutions around December 1, 2016, were received. Individual postdoc names were also received for approximately 7,000 postdocs, and departmental affiliations were received for 4,000 postdocs. This exploratory study shows evidence of a postdoc gender pay gap, a significant influence of job title on postdoc salary and a complex relationship between salaries and the level of institutional National Institutes of Health/NSF funding.
Originality/value - These results provide insights into the ability of institutions to collate and report out annualized salary data on their postdocs, highlighting difficulties faced in tracking and reporting data on this population by institutional administration. Ultimately, these types of efforts, aimed at increasing transparency regarding the postdoctoral position, may lead to improved support for postdocs at all US institutions and allow greater agency for postdocs making decisions based on financial concerns.
Schlagwörter:Biologie; Biomedical Research; gender pay gap; Geschlechterverhältnis; Post-doc; public universities and colleges; STEM; USA
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Sexual Harassment in Academic Institutions: A Conceptual Review
Autor/in:
Thakur, Meghna Basu; Paul, Priscilla
Quelle: Journal of Psychosocial Research, 12 (2017) 1, S 33–40
Inhalt: Sexual harassment (SH) is a pervasive phenomenon in higher educational institutions, with nearly 50% female students experiencing some kind of SH during their college years (Brooks & Perot, 1991; Cortina, Swan, Fitzgerald & Waldo, 1998; Fitzgerald & Shullman, 1993; Fitzgerald et al., 1988; Ivy & Hamlet, 1996). Some studies indicate an even higher percentage (Barak, Fisher & Houston, 1992; Benson & Thomson, 1982; Reilly, Lott & Gallogly, 1986). The current research paper incorporates relevant literature, which delves into the following dimensions: (a) definition and constituents of SH, (b) correlates of SH, and (c) measures to tackle the menace of SH. Findings from the Indian context have also been considered to understand the seriousness of the phenomenon. The research has crucial implications for government organizations and workplaces in order to develop a comprehensive policy on SH and implementing grievance procedures effectively, and for mental health professionals to develop appropriate psychosocial interventions for those afflicted.
Schlagwörter:Attitude; Auswirkung; College Students; correlates; Definition; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Intervention; psychische Faktoren; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Statistik; Studentin; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
The changing role of women in higher education : Academic and leadership issues
Herausgeber/in:
Eggins, Heather
Quelle: Cham: Springer Verlag (The changing academic profession in international comparative perspective, 17), 2017. xxviii, 310 S
Inhalt: This book sets out to examine the changing role of women in higher education with an emphasis on academic and leadership issues. The scope of the book is international, with a wide range of contributors, whose expertise spans sociology, social science, economics, politics, public policy and linguistic studies, all of whom have a major interest in global education. The volume examines the ways in which the leadership role and academic roles of women in higher education are changing in the twenty first century, offering an up-to-date policy discussion of this area. It is in some sense a sequel to the earlier volume by the same Editor, Women as Leaders and Managers in Higher Education, but with very different emphases. The pressures now are to respond to the demands of the technological age and to those of the global economy. Today there are more highly qualified and experienced female academics, and more expectation of their gaining the highest posts. Challenges still remain, particularly in terms of the top posts, and in equal pay. The discussion of global policy issues affecting the role of women in higher education is combined with country case studies, several of which are comparative. Together they examine and unpack the particular situations of women in a wide range of higher education systems, from Brazil to the US to Europe to Africa and the Far East, noting the shift towards more flexibility, more personal choice and a greater acceptance by society of their abilities. This volume is a useful and influential addition to published work in this area, and is aimed at the intelligent general reader as well as the scholar interested in this topic.
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Übliche Widerstande oder neue Infragestellungen? : Gleichstellungsfeindlichkeit und Angriffe auf Gleichstellungsarbeit an Hochschulen in Niedersachsen
Autor/in:
Marx, Daniela; Kotlenga, Sandra
Quelle: LNHF; , 2017.
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Bericht bietet dementsprechend erstmals detaillierte Einblicke in gleichstellungsfeindliche Vorkommnisse an niedersächsischen Hochschulen und deren Einordnung und Bewertung durch die Gleichstellungsakteur*innen. Er beschreibt Auswirkungen auf die Amts- und Berufsausübung und liefert Einschätzungen dazu, welche Präventionsmaßnahmen, Unterstützungsfaktoren und Handlungsstrategien notwendig sind.
Sehr deutlich wird, dass sich Gleichstellungspolitik und -arbeit an Hochschulen und damit auch die zuständigen Akteur*innen nach wie vor in einer zwangsläufig ambivalenten Position befinden: Sie sind Teil einer Organisation und zugleich sollen sie die Organisation sowie deren Strukturen und Kultur von innen heraus verändern und „stören“. Dies macht es nicht einfach, wenn nicht gar unmöglich, alltägliche und übliche Widerstände von (qualitativ) neuen und (quantitativ) verstärkt auftretenden Infragestellungen zu unterscheiden.
Der Bericht steht daher unter der Frage „Übliche Widerstände oder neue Infragestellungen?“. Der eher ungewohnte Begriff „Gleichstellungsfeindlichkeit“, der sich im Verlauf des Projekts herausgebildet hat, dient dabei als Klammer, unter der unterschiedliche gleichstellungsbezogene Vorkommnisse an Hoch-
schulen – von alltäglichen Widerständen gegen Gleichstellung über offensives Unterlaufen etablierter Gleichstellungsstandards bis hin zu bedrohlichen Angriffen auf einzelne Gleichstellungsbeauftragte – subsumiert werden können.
Inhalt: Universitäten, Fachhochschulen und die tertiäre Berufsbildung sehen sich gegenwärtig einem weitreichenden Internationalisierungsgeschehen ausgesetzt. Die Beiträge des vorliegenden Bandes diskutieren diese Entwicklungen mit Bezug auf aktuelle theoretische Perspektiven und empirisch fundierte Erkenntnisse der Geschlechter-, Migrations- und Bildungsforschung. Gefragt wird nach den Segregationsmustern und -tendenzen, die sich in unterschiedlichen Hochschultypen, Disziplinen oder Berufsbildungsgängen finden sowie nach länderspezifischen und regionalen Unterschieden von Ausbildungsbedingungen. Neben den Geschlechter- und migrationsbezogenen Handlungsstrategien von Studierenden wird dabei auch die Bedeutung der institutionellen bzw. organisatorischen Voraussetzungen im tertiären Berufs- und (Fach-)Hochschulbereich für unterschiedliche Bildungschancen in den Mittelpunkt gerückt.
Schlagwörter:Gender; Hochschulbildung; Migration
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Hochschulen, Migration und Migrantinnen
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Pionierarbeit : Die ersten Professorinnen für Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung an deutschsprachigen Hochschulen 1984-2014
Autor/in:
Bock, Ulla
Quelle: Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verlag (Reihe "Politik der Geschlechterverhältnisse", 55), 2015. 325 S
Inhalt: Die Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung ist noch relativ jung. Ulla Bock hat Wissenschaftlerinnen der Jahrgänge 1934 bis 1949 befragt, die die ersten Professuren für Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung innehatten. Die Interviews beleuchten Prozesse der Institutionalisierung von Geschlechterforschung an den Hochschulen ebenso wie Handlungsimpulse, Entwicklungslinien und Brüche: ein Stück Wissenschaftsgeschichte und ein Beitrag zum Dialog zwischen den Generationen. Ulla Bock, Dr. phil., ist Geschäftsführerin der Zentraleinrichtung zur Förderung von Frauen-und Geschlechterforschung an der FU Berlin.
Schlagwörter:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung; Geschichte; Geschlechterforschung; Institutionalisierung; Professorin; Wissenschaftsgeschichte
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Genderprofessuren eine Erfolgsgeschichte? Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen
Autor/in:
Bock, Ulla; Nüthen, Inga
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politik-Wissenschaft, 23 (2014) 2, S 154–158
