Momeni, F., Dietze, S., Mayr, P., Biesenbender, K., & Peters, I. (2023). Which Factors are Associated with Open Access Publishing? A Springer Nature Case Study. Quantitative Science Studies. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00253
Open Access (OA) facilitates access to articles. But, authors or funders often must pay the publishing costs preventing authors who do not receive financial support from participating in OA publishing and citation advantage for OA articles. OA may exacerbate existing inequalities in the publication system rather than overcome them.
To investigate this, the authors studied 522,411 articles published by Springer Nature. Employing correlation and regression analyses, they describe the relationship between authors affiliated with countries from different income levels, their choice of publishing model, and the citation impact of their papers. A machine learning classification method helped them to explore the importance of different features in predicting the publishing model.
The results show that authors eligible for APC waivers publish more in gold-OA journals than other authors. In contrast, authors eligible for an APC discount have the lowest ratio of OA publications, leading to the assumption that this discount insufficiently motivates authors to publish in gold-OA journals. The authors found a strong correlation between the journal rank and the publishing model in gold-OA journals, whereas the OA option is mostly avoided in hybrid journals.
Also, results show the countries’ income level, seniority, and experience with OA publications as the most predictive factors for OA publishing in hybrid journals.