Title
European Union Labour Force Survey 2020
EU-LFS 2020 contains the Ad hoc module on accidents at work and work related health problems.
Geographical Coverage
The EU-LFS 2020 covers all 28 EU Member States as well as Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.
In the 2020 EU-LFS user data base (2022 Release), data for the United Kingdom are only included in the quarterly datasets (until Quarter 3). For this reason, the EU-LFS 2020 yearly data documented here do not include information for the United Kingdom.
Time Period Covered
The EU-LFS "is designed as a continuous quarterly survey with interviews spread uniformly over all weeks of a quarter. Each reference week starts on Monday and ends on Sunday. The first week of a year or quarter is defined as the week that includes the first Thursday of the year or the quarter. All countries conduct the LFS as a continuous survey." (Eurostat (2020): Quality report of the European Union Labour Force Survey 2018, p. 7)
Country Specific Information: EU-LFS 2020
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LV - Latvia
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are surveyed . The target population comprises all persons aged 15 to 74 years who are permanent residents of Latvia. Persons temporarily absent for one year or more are excluded." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p.36)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population register and the National Real Estate Cadastre Information System
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region, urban/rural
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 10.6 % CAPI
- 84 % CATI
- 5.4 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
40.2 %
Weighting: Method
"The initial weights are calculated according to the sample design, with all persons within the same PSU having equal design weights. The design weights are adjusted using the data of response level in each stratum for each wave and each survey technique (CAPI/CATI + CAWI). The CATI and CAWI groups are merged due to the insufficient number of respondents in the CAWI group. The quarterly weights are then adjusted on the basis of demographic data and data of the State employment agency and of the State Revenue Service. Yearly weights are calculated as quarterly weights divided by four.For adjustment of the quarterly weights demographic data are broken down by the type of municipality (Riga, cities, towns, rural areas), as in stratification, 14 age groups and sex as well as in NUTS3 (6 regions), 3 age groups, eight cities of Republic, the information from the State employment agency by sex and 5 age groups and the information from the State Revenue Service by sex and 7 age groups.
All persons within the same household have equal initial and final weights." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p.37).
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LU - Luxembourg
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey/
Erhebung über Arbeitskräfte
Universe
"The resident population comprises persons registered as residing in one of the municipalities. The sampling frame covers only private households in Luxembourg. The cross-border workers (that make up almost 50% of the workforce) are not taken into account." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p.40)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- not stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 30.7 % CATI
- 69.3 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
26.5 %
Weighting: Method
"Data from the survey is post-stratified by sex, age classes: (0-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65+), household size and nationality (national/foreigner). All persons of these strata have the same weight, calculated by dividing the population in each stratum by the number of interviewed persons in the same stratum." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 41)
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LT - Lithuania
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Statistical Survey
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are surveyed. The target population comprises all persons usually living in the households of the selected dwellings, including those who are temporarily abroad for a period of less than a year. The population also includes foreign nationals who have been living in Lithuania for at least one year." Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 38)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
32 %
Weighting: Method
"The weighting method for the Lithuanian LFS is based on the generalised calibration method introduced by Deville and Särndal in 1992. The initial household design weights are calculated, taking into account the unequal selection probabilities of the households. These are then adjusted by the use of auxiliary information relating to population data on 60 municipalities and the intersection of 13 age-groups, sex and urban/rural. All household members have the same sampling weight." Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 39)
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HR - Croatia
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The Labour Force Survey covers the whole country. The target population comprises all persons who usually reside in Croatia or intend to stay in Croatia for at least 12 months. Only private households are surveyed. Household members are persons who are permanently present in the household or absent less than 1 year." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 29)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011 (updated in 2020)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS2), urban/rural areas
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 28.1 % CAPI
- 71.9 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
51.2 %
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in several steps.
First, design weights as inverse value of the selection probabilities of choosing dwellings in a sample are calculated. They are equal for dwellings, households and persons in one segment. That’s because all households and persons in each selected dwelling are interviewed.
Then, there are defined weighting groups regarding non-response, and response rates are calculated for each of these groups. The urban part of each 21 county form one group while the rural parts in each county form the second group. As there are 21 counties, multiplying 2 groups (urban and rural) gives 42 groups within counties for defining non-response rates (and calculating response
rates in each one). Non-response weights are inverse value of these response rates. They are also equal for each segment.
At the end, calibration is used for adjustment weighting. Distributions of the 5-year age groups, gender, regions and household size for the subsample of respondents is calibrated to known auxiliary information from Census 2011. It reduces sampling error, effecting the ‘old’ weights, but in limits of previously defined constraints in CALMAR software. Bounded linear method is used for calibration, and lower limit is set on 0.5, and upper on 3." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 30)
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RO - Romania
Corresponding National Study
National Instititue of Statistics Romania
Universe
"The whole country is covered and only private households are surveyed. The target population comprises persons resident in Romania.
The survey covers all members of the selected households including the persons absent from home for a longer period, living inside the country or abroad (for the latter, only if the total duration of staying abroad is less than 12 months), if they are preserving family relations with the household to which they belong, such as: pupils and students away for study, persons left for work, prisoners, persons temporary in hospitals or sanatoria for medical cure." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 55)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Census 2011
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census sections
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS3), urban/rural
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 66 % CAPI
- 34 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
19.6 %
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in three steps. 1) The inverse of the selection probabilities to each sampled dwelling unit is built. 2) Adjustment for non-response, categorising the responding dwelling units by the following characteristics: county (NUTS3) and urban/rural residency. 3) Calibration of the secondary weights to the best latest available population totals by region, urban-rural residency, sex, 14 age groups (0-14, 15-19, …, 70-74, 75 and older) and to the household totals by region, using the SAS macro Calmar. The current demographic statistics used to calibrate the LFS estimates also include the institutional population." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 56)
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NO - Norway
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The target population is total population aged 15-74, residing in Norway (according to the Central Population Register). The survey covers private and collective households." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 67)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
regions (NUTS3)
Number Of Rotational Groups
8
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
11.8 %
Weighting: Method
"The estimation method in LFS is done in several stages and are called multiple model calibration (MMK). Initially, the main labour market status of LFS, which is employed, unemployed, outside the
workforce, are modelled consistent with a multinomial logit model, explained with a number of register variables known to all in the population. The model provides predicted probabilities every month for each main labour market status in LFS for everybody in the population. The monthly weights in LFS are calibrated using these predicted probabilities and some register variables directly.
This means that the weights also become consistent with the population for the number in the population register by gender, different age groups and region, as well as consistent weights for the number of full / part-time wage earners by gender and registered employed (yes/no) cross classified by immigrants in 2 groups. The initial weights before calibration, which is the ratio of the number of people in the population to the gross sample per. county (NUTS3) at the reference time for the
statistics (proxy design weights).
For more detailed technical information about the new estimation method, please see Documents 2018/16 [https://www.ssb.no/en/arbeid-og-lonn/artikler-ogpublikasjoner/ new-estimation-methodology-for-the-norwegian-labour-force-survey]" Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 68)
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HU - Hungary
Corresponding National Study
Labour market status
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are surveyed. [...]
The inclusion or exclusion of the temporary absent persons – like persons living in student homes or worker homes – depends on their economic contribution to the household. For the person living abroad the same rule applies, they are surveyed only if they are contributing to the common income- consumption. Lodgers and domestic servants are surveyed and registered as separate households, since they live in the sampled dwelling." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p 42.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Dwellings register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Administrative units, size categories of localities
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 33.6 % CAPI
- 66.4 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
41.6 %
Weighting: Method
"At the first stage, design (or design-based) weights are determined. For any stratum of the sample, the unique design weight is defined as the ratio of the total number of dwellings in the stratum to that in the sub-sample for that stratum. Some adjustments are also included at this stage. At the second stage, calibrated weights are determined with the method of generalised raking. The calibration is organised so that all members in a sample household have the same calibrated weight
as that household.
Method of deriving controls: demographic components method combined with census-based proportions." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 43)
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FR - France
Corresponding National Study
Questionnaire logement de l’enquête emploi /
Housing Survey of Employment Survey
Universe
"The survey covers private households living in their main residence in France. The resident population comprises persons living on French metropolitan territory and in the overseas departments (excluding Mayotte). All individuals 15 years old or over in the household are surveyed." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 26)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Housing-tax-register for Metropolitan France, annual census survey for overseas department (also called DOM) and a specific survey (cartographic survey) for Mayotte
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
French region (NUTS2 - Metrop.) + infra NUTS3 (DOM)
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 19 % CAPI
- 81 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
27.1 %
Weighting: Method
"Weighting procedures are different for Metropolitan France, overseas departments and Mayotte:
For Metropolitan France, a unique calibration is performed both to correct biases induced by non-response and to get consistency with external margins (the non-response survey stopped in 2018).
The procedure is performed on each wave. The variables used are those indicated above: some are derived from the sample base (region, dwelling characteristics and income of the household in deciles) and the others are external margins (population by sex, age and region). "
(Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 28)
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BG - Bulgaria
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are included. Persons living in student hostels or in workers’ hostels are treated as private households. The resident population includes all persons usually residing in Bulgaria, including persons temporarily abroad (less than one year). The survey covers all the members of the selected households including persons staying in hospitals or other health care institutions for less than one year; students in secondary schools even though studying at different place; students at military schools; and persons left for temporal or seasonal work within the country." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 10)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Census 2011 (updated in 2016)
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
region (NUTS3), type of place of residence (district centre, other town and village)
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
27 %
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in three steps:
1. Initial weights are obtained as inverse of inclusion probability of each household.
2. The initial weights are multiplied by correction factor for households' non-response which is calculated separately for each wave as ratio between the total number of selected households in a stratum and the number of interviewed households from the same stratum.
3. In final step the intermediate weights (corrected for non-response) are calibrated to the population estimates by the following variables: at national level by 5-year age group, sex and type of place of residence (urban/rural); at district level (NUTS3) by 3 age groups (0-14, 15-64, 65+), sex and type of place of residence (urban/rural).
For calculation of weights, the population estimates at the end of the previous quarter are used." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 11)
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BE - Belgium
Corresponding National Study
Continuous Labour Force Survey /
Ständige Erhebung über Arbeitskräfte /
ENQUÊTE CONTINUE SUR LES FORCES DE TRAVAIL /
DOORLOPENDE ENQUÊTE NAAR DE ARBEIDSKRACHTEN
Universe
"The survey covers the entire country but only private households, where at least one person is younger than 77, are included in the survey." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 7)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register (2017) extended with information from tax and unemployment registers
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Municipality
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
Region
Sampling Method
In the first stage of sampling, the PSUs are stratified by regions (NUTS2). In the second stage there is no stratification or sorting of FSUs.
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 7.7 % CAPI
- 52.9 % CATI
- 39.4 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
27.6 %
Weighting: Method
"The 2-step quarterly weighting model can be formulated as: < IND; STRAT12 × SEX × AGECAT + RG_c; d/p; Lin >.The third component, d/p, in this formal representation of the weighting model, means that, in step 1, the sampling weights d are corrected using estimated response probabilities p at household level; a random intercept logistic regression model, followed by smoothing, is used to estimate the p.
In step 2, proper calibration is applied to further adjust the corrected weights d/p. The first component IND indicates that calibration is at individual level. The second component is a formal expression for the linear structure of the calibration model in step 2, indicating that:
- calibration is to the joint distribution of variables STRAT12, SEX and AGECAT in the population;
- the totals of calibrated weights for the rotation groups (RGs) involved in each quarterly sample are forced to be proportional to the initial sizes of these RGs (the notation RG_c stands for “contrast constraints between RGs”).
The fourth and last component, Lin, indicates the use of the linear method for calibration." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, pp.8-9)
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DE - Germany
Corresponding National Study
Mikrozensus
Producer
Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länderr
Universe
"The survey covers private and collective households, except for military quarters. [...] The resident population (statistical population) includes all inhabitants with their main place of residence and their secondary residence in the territory of Germany. Foreign armed forces and members of the diplomatic corps and their families are excluded." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 16)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Census 2011 updated with data from building pemits
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Dwelling blocks
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Region and size of building
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 1.7 % CAPI
- 22.8 % CATI
- 34.2 % PAPI
- 40.3 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
21 %
Weighting: Method
"A two stages adjustment procedure is used. 1) Due to COVID-19 and technical issue it was not possible to access sufficient information on households who failed to respond. As a proxy the structure of 2019 LFS-sample was adjusted by regional sampling ratios of 2020. The net-sample was calibrated to this proxy based on education (low, medium, high), nationality (German, non-German), age (65 and under, over 65) and household size (1 person or more). Non-Response weights were calculated as the inverse of the received calibration weight. 2) Different models are used for quarterly sample and yearly subsample. Quarterly sample: nationality, sex, age group, region NUTS-2, employment status. Yearly subsample: number of private households, size of household, employment status, age groups, nationality, sex, region NUTS-2."
n
(Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 17)
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DK - Denmark
Corresponding National Study
Labour market status
Universe
"The entire country is covered, apart from Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The survey covers persons living in either private or collective households with domicile in Denmark according to the Central Population Register." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 14)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register and other registers
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Gross income, net unemployment from registers, socioeconomic status and age.
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 49.8 % CATI
- 50.2 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
6.9 %
Weighting: Method
"The strata are weighted separately. Weighting is performed by using a combination of sex, age group (15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-74), socio-economic status, income, nationality, level of education, status in the unemployment register and
region." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 15)
-
FI - Finland
Corresponding National Study
Finnish Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The target population comprises people aged 15 to 74 who are registered as permanently resident in Finland, including those who are temporarily abroad for a period of less than a year, members of the armed forces, and the institutional population. It also includes foreign nationals who have been living in Finland for at least a year or intend to do so. Persons living in institutions cannot be separated from the total population." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 61)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS1)
Number Of Rotational Groups
3-(1)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 0.2 % CAPI
- 99.8 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
3.9 %
Weighting: Method
"The weighting procedure is carried out in two steps:
- Post-stratified weights: Mainland Finland has been divided into 192 post-strata by gender, age group and region. Autonomous Territory of the Åland Islands has been divided into two post-strata by gender.
- Calibrated weights: The post-stratified weights are calibrated according to gender, age group, region, reference week and status in Ministry of Labour’s job-seeker register.
Specific weighting procedures are adopted for the household sub-sample and for the sub-sample of structural variables collected by the wave approach. (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 62)
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IE - Ireland
Corresponding National Study
Quarterly National Household Survey
Universe
"Only private households are included. A person is defined to be a 'usual resident' of a private household if he/she lives regularly at the dwelling in question and shares the main living accommodation (i.e. kitchen, living room or bathroom) with the other members of the household." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 20)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011 and 2016
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
Region, Pobal HP Deprivation Index
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
47.1 %
Weighting: Method
"The survey results are weighted to agree with population estimates broken down by age (5-years age groups), sex and region (NUTS3 regions). Results are then calibrated to broad national totals by broad age groups (0-14 and 15+) and gender. The estimates are calculated as follows:
1. The previous quarter’s population estimate or census of population at regional level is used as the base population.
2. A quarter of this population is aged on by 1 year.
3. Births for the relevant period are added to each region – source = registered births.
4. Deaths for relevant period are subtracted from each region – source = registered deaths.
5. Net migration (inflows from other regions minus outflows to other regions plus inflows from abroad minus outflows to abroad) is added to each region – main source.
A non-response adjustment into the weighting procedure for the LFS was introduced from Q3 2017 onwards. The adjustment applies extra weight to the groups who tend to be less likely to respond to the survey to make the results from the achieved sample more representative of the target sample and target population." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 21)
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AT - Austria
Corresponding National Study
Austrian Microcensus
Producer
Statistik Austria
Universe
"Only the population in private households is included. The resident population comprises persons who have their main residence on Austrian territory during the reference week." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 48)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Register of residents
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Bundesland (NUTS2)
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 18.5 % CAPI
- 81.5 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
22.3 %
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in two steps. In the first step for each record a basic weight, which depends on the stratum and the domain, is calculated.
In the second step the weights are adjusted so that the resulting distribution is in accordance to the population within the federal provinces (Bundesländer, NUTS2). [...]
Calibration is performed by iterative proportional fitting [...]
In a first step, a basic weight is calculated for each person. This is followed by a calibration procedure with iterative proportional fitting. Finally each member of the household gets the same weight.
(Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 49)
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CZ - Czech Republic
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are surveyed. The target population comprises all persons usually living in the selected dwellings, regardless of the type of stay (permanent, temporary or non-registered). Temporarily absent persons (for less than one year) and domestic servants are included. It does not cover persons (students, workers, migrants) living in collective accommodation. Lodgers are considered as independent budget-keeping households. People living abroad are excluded." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 12)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Register of Census Areas (2013)
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region (districts, Prague 1 district)
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
42.1 %
Weighting: Method
"The weights are based on post-stratification by 13 age groups, sex and the 77 districts. Demographic figures for each quarter in 2019 were forecasted from the definitive demographic data for end-of-year 2019, taken into account migration and natural development of the population." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 13)
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CY - Cyprus
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The survey covers the areas of Cyprus controlled by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Only private households are covered. The resident population comprises persons who usually reside in Cyprus or intend to stay in Cyprus for at least 12 months. It excludes Cypriot students studying abroad as well as foreign armed forces and foreigners who work in embassies or diplomatic missions." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p.34).
Source Of Sampling Frame
Census 2011 updated with register of domestic consumers of electricity
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Districts, urban/rural
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 9.7 % CAPI
- 90.3 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
39.5 %
Weighting: Method
"The design weights, i.e. the inverse of the probabilities of inclusion of the households in the sample, are calculated and adjusted for non-response in each stratum. Following that, the adjusted weights for non-response are calibrated." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 35)
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SE - Sweden
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Arbetskraftsundersökningen
Universe
"Through sampling of individuals, persons living in both private and collective households are covered. Persons living in a collective household are also recorded in the central population register and are therefore sampled as well as persons living in private households.
For the purposes of the survey, the resident population comprises persons between the ages of 15 and 74 who are domiciled in Sweden according to the Population Register." Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 63)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
One sample is stratified by county, sex and age and the other by region, sex, country of birth and age group.
Sampling Method
The total sample consists of two separate samples. The first sample is stratified according to county and sex. In this way, 48 strata are constructed. The inclusion probabilities are in general proportional to the size of the strata, although some small counties have to be overrepresented in the sample. The age group 16-64 is also overrepresented. The second sample is stratified according to region, sex, country of birth, age group (13-24, 25-54, 55-66) and information from Statistics Sweden's Income and Taxation register (IoT) combined with information from Statistics Sweden's Longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies (LISA). In this way 105 strata are constructed. Individuals that have specific characteristics according to IoT and LISA are overrepresented.
Number Of Rotational Groups
8
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
2 %
Weighting: Method
"The estimates are built on regression estimators (GREG) with a set of auxiliary information. The auxiliary variables are: sex, age (13 age groups), region (NUTS3), nationality at birth, information on employed persons by industry and persons who have enrolled at a job-centre as
unemployed and are looking for work. The registers which are used to obtain the auxiliary variables are the Register of Total Population (RTB), the Employment Register (RAMS) and the Swedish Public Employment Service´s register of job-seekers (SOK).
Each month the last wave of the individual LFS-sample is used as the starting point for identifying sampled households, i.e. the household sample is a network sample. The weights are based on the calibration approach for two-phase sampling in Estevao and Särndal (2002). Design weights according to the network sampling design, adjusted for non-response at the household level, are used as starting weights in the calibration. Only information at the individual level is used in the calibration." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 64)
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SI - Slovenia
Corresponding National Study
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
Producer
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only individuals in private households are surveyed. A household is a single person or a group of persons who live together and share expenses related to common living and eating. Members of the household temporarily absent for a period exceeding 12 months (in nursing home, prison, student accommodation) and persons living in other countries are excluded from the survey. Foreign nationals are included, if they correspond to the criteria of household. Household members up to 15 years old are asked only few questions." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 57)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Central population register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS3), size and type of settlement (urban/rural)
Number Of Rotational Groups
3-(1)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 15 % CAPI
- 85 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
54.2 %
Weighting: Method
"The data is weighted for unequal probability of selection and non-response and calibrated according to the known population distribution: age groups (0-14, 15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70+), sex and region (NUTS3 level, 12). The calibration is done on a household level, thus members of the same household have identical weights, and benchmarked to population totals. People living in institutions are included in population totals"(Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 58)
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SK - Slovakia
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The whole country is covered. Only private households are surveyed. [...]The target population of the survey is every person aged 15 and over, living in the household of the selected dwelling without regard to permanent, temporary or unregistered stays. Data for students living in hostels, schoolchildren at boarding schools and persons living temporarily in worker homes are collected within the households to which they belong. Inmates of prison or mental institutions, and foreign citizens staying temporarily are not surveyed." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 59)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Census 2011
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS3)
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 14.9 % CAPI
- 66.2 % CATI
- 19 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
52.1 %
Weighting: Method
"Data from the survey for all persons participating in the survey are weighted by administrative data on total population (including institutional population) as of 1 January 2018 by region, sex and age groups. Extrapolation to the population is done at the level of individuals.
The population and the sample are subjected of a post-stratification by NUTS3 administrative region (8 regions altogether), sex and 5-years age groups." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 60)
-
IS - Iceland
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- not stratified
- one stage
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
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IT - Italy
Corresponding National Study
Italian National Institute of Statistics
Producer
Italian National Institute of Statistics
Universe
"The target population is the resident population, which is the population recorded in the registry offices in the Italian municipalities. All the Italian regions are covered. Only private households are included in the sample. [...] Non-resident households, people not living in private households and household members emigrated abroad or absent from the selected household for more than one year are not covered. Students in tertiary education, studying away from their parents’ home, are included in the household." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, pp. 31-32)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Municipal registers
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Municipality
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
Size categories of municipalities within NUTS3 region
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
32.9 %
Weighting: Method
"The calibration estimator is used to obtain LFS estimates. Grossing-up weights are determined as follows:
1. Initial weights are obtained as the inverse of the inclusion probabilities of any household in the sample.
2. Correction factors for households' non-response are worked out as the reciprocal of the response ratios (computed for specific kinds of households and territorial domains). Intermediate weights corrected for non-response are then computed multiplying initial weights by these correction factors.
3. Starting from the intermediate weights, final grossing weights are obtained solving a minimisation problem under constraints. The function to be minimised is the distance between final and intermediate weights. The constraints concern the estimates of some auxiliary variables that have to be equal to the totals in the reference population derived from external sources. Main constraints are population by sex and 5-year age groups at NUTS2 level; and population by sex and five age groups at NUTS3 level. The final weights ensure that all members of a given household have the same weight.
Due to the calibration estimator, by applying final grossing-up weights, the sample reproduces the same distribution of the population according to the chosen auxiliary variables.
The grossing-up weights are computed on a monthly and a quarterly basis, whereas annual estimates are calculated as averages of the quarterly estimates." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, pp. 32-33)
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MT - Malta
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are surveyed. [...] The survey covers private households, including people who are temporarily absent from the usual place of residence. Children or any other members who are living in another dwelling or institution are excluded." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 44)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Sampling Method
systematic random sampling
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 92 % CATI
- 8 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
44.7 %
Weighting: Method
"For weighting procedures, the design weights are computed through calibration with the logit method. The following benchmarks are used NUTS4, gender, age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-17, 18-19, 20-24, 25-29, continue 5-years age groups until 75-79, 80+) and nationality." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 45)
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PL - Poland
Corresponding National Study
Polish Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. The target population covers all persons aged 15 years and older with usual residence in Poland. Only private households are surveyed. Persons living in institutional households (army, hospital, prison, hostels etc.) are excluded from the survey, if their length of stay in these institutions is planned to be one year or longer. The same applies to persons living permanently or temporarily in other countries." Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 50)
Source Of Sampling Frame
OBS - statistical sampling frame for social surveys
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region, urban/rural, urbanisation
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 23.1 % CAPI
- 74.5 % CATI
- 2.5 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
40.1 %
Weighting: Method
"The weights are computed using a four-step procedure. First the initial design weights are calculated for dwelling units, i.e., the inverse of the selection probabilities for the final sampling units in each stratum. Secondly, the weighted response rates are calculated for sampling units
stratified a posteriori by six place-of-residence categories in each voivodship. Thirdly, the initial weights are adjusted by the response rates.
The final step consists in modifying the adjusted weights using the population estimates stratified a posteriori by the urban-rural division, sex and 12 age groups (15-17, 18-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65+) plus three age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14) for children living in the surveyed households separately in each voivodship." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, pp. 51-52).
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PT - Portugal
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The whole geographical territory of Portugal is covered, i.e. mainland, Madeira and the Azores. The resident population consists of individuals living in private dwellings during the reference week, although the survey also covers the individuals living in collective dwellings who represent a potential for the labour market, insofar as they have family ties with the private dwelling (national servicemen or students). Individuals who are absent for short periods of time (less than one year) and who are not permanently occupying other dwellings are also included." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 53)
Source Of Sampling Frame
National Dwelling Register (NDR)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS3)
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 7.3 % CAPI
- 92.7 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
50.3 %
Weighting: Method
"The weight is derived as the product of a design weight (which incorporates design information and non-response) and a factor that calibrates the sample to the independent demographic estimates using a posteriori stratification method by:
- NUTS2, sex and 5-years age groups;
- NUTS3 (or groups of NUTS3) by six age groups;
- NUTS3 (or groups of NUTS3) by sex." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 54)
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CH - Switzerland
Corresponding National Study
SLFS – Swiss Labour Force Survey /
SAKE – Schweizerische Arbeitskräfteerhebung
Universe
"The survey population consists of all persons living in private households aged 15-89 years. Persons aged 90 years or older are not interviewed in the Swiss LFS, however, they still remain in the sample and socio-demographic information for these persons is derived from register data.; [...]
The Swiss LFS covers only the permanent resident population in Switzerland and excludes some types of foreign persons. The permanent resident population includes all persons officially residing in Switzerland for the entire year. This includes: Swiss citizens, foreign citizens holding a permanent residence permit or a residence permit valid for at least one year, international civil servants, diplomats and their family members. "
(Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p.69).
Source Of Sampling Frame
Sampling Frame for Person and Household Surveys
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Canton
Sampling Method
Standard sample + extra sample of foreign persons, additionally stratified by nationality
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
2.1 %
Weighting: Method
"The weighting procedure is based on a two-phase process. 1. Tthe design weights are obtained as the reciprocal of the inclusion probability of the sample units.2. These weights are adjusted for non-response, and finally the sample is calibrated on age, sex, canton of residence (NUTS3), and other variables (nationality, residence permit, duration of residence, marital status, labour market status, number of jobs, income decile, grade of invalidity to work, reception of invalidity or old age pension, registration at public employment office, duration of registration at public employment office, economic activity of the local unit, legal form of the local unit) using the calibration software CALMAR."
(Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p.70).
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ES - Spain
Corresponding National Study
Economically active population survey
Universe
"The population residing in private households is covered, including servants. Persons temporarily living in collective institutions and persons who are temporarily absent are sampled via relatives living in private households. Foreign nationals are included in the resident population if they have lived or intend to live in Spain for more than one year." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p.24)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011 updated with registers
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Population size of municipality
Sampling Method
These areas are stratified within each province using the population size of the municipality. Within each stratum, the areas are substratified according to the socio-economic characteristics of the population.
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 27.9 % CAPI
- 71.4 % CATI
- 0.8 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
50 %
Weighting: Method
"The design uses Ratio Estimator and the auxiliary variable is the Population Projection at stratum level.
Every quarter, population projections by age group (0–15 years and 16 years +) and Spanish provinces (in general corresponding to NUTS3 regions) are calculated. Projections by age and region are distributed by stratum in proportion to the population of each stratum. In each stratum, age group and region, the weighting is determined by the ratio of the projection to the sample size.
The sample is then calibrated in order to adjust to the population distribution. Auxiliary information used is in the form of population estimates by sex and 5-years age groups and household size (5 groups of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5+ inhabitants) at NUTS2 level (Comunidades Autónomas), the nationality of the population aged 16 and more (national/non-national) at NUTS2 level and by sex and 3 aggregated age groups (16-29, 30-49, 50+) and region (NUTS3 or provinces).
A linear weighting method is used, in which each member of the household aged 16 years and over has the same weight." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p.25)
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NL - Netherlands
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Enquête Beroepsbevolking
Universe
" The resident population comprises persons residing in the Netherlands. The survey covers only private households." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 46)
Source Of Sampling Frame
List of postal addresses and population register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Municipality
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS3)
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 4 % CAPI
- 69 % CATI
- 27 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
43.5 %
Weighting: Method
"Weighting of the respondents is done in two stages. 1) All respondents are assigned an inclusion weight. These are calculated in such a way that unequal inclusion probabilities that occur because of the sampling method are corrected. 2) Final weights are determined. Thus, biases because of non-response are reduced based on information about sex, age, ethnic background, place of residence and some other regional classifications are used. In addition, administrative sources about the income and registration at unemployment office are used. Furthermore, information on the correlation in the panel-overlap between subsequent quarters is used and all waves are weighted in one step." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 47)
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EE - Estonia
Corresponding National Study
Estonian Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Both private and collective households are surveyed. The target population comprises all persons aged 15-74 years with permanent residence in Estonia, i.e. those who have lived or intend to live in Estonia for more than one year." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 18)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011 updated with Population registers
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Group of regions by population size
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 18 % CAPI
- 82 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
23.4 %
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in a sequence of steps.
As stratified sampling is used, the initial weight that is inversely proportional to the inclusion probability in each stratum is calculated first. The initial weight also depends on the size of the household.
For non-response adjustment, the non-response correction factors are computed. Homogeneous groups of respondents are formed on the basis of the household place of residence, size of the household, wave, gender and age groups according to the non-response rate. Within each group, the correction factor is inversely proportional to the overall response rate.
In the next step, the weights are calibrated so that they produce exact population numbers in certain subgroups known from demographic data (including institutional population). For working-age persons the subgroups by sex, age (5-years age groups), place of residence (urban/rural area, 15 counties (NUTS4 level) and the capital city) and Estonians/non-Estonians are considered. For this purpose, the logit weighting method is applied. For non-working-age persons, the non-response adjusted household's weights are calibrated by sex and 5-years age groups." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 19)
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EL - Greece
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Source Of Sampling Frame
List of cities blocks compiled at the Census 2011, updated from Q1 2015 to Q32016 (rate of renewal was 1/6 per quarter), at last in 2019.
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Dwelling blocks
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS3) (23 strata for each) - Athens -Thessaloniki apart
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 2.9 % CAPI
- 97.1 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
39.3 %
Weighting: Method
"Design weights are calculated as the inverse of probability selection of the household (computed from the total number of households during 2011 census, and the expected sample size), adjusted for non-response at primary unit level and finally post stratified by region, sex and age." (Eurostat (2022): Labour force survey in the EU, candidate and EFTA countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2020, p. 23)