Study: EU-LFS 2021
Titles
Title
European Union Labour Force Survey 2021
Abstract
EU-LFS 2021 contains thead hoc module on labour market situation of migrants and their immediate descendants.
Coverage
Geographical Coverage
The EU-LFS 2021 microdata for scientific purposes covers all 27 EU Member States as well as Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.
Datasets availability table and release calendar (Eurostat)
Time Period Covered
The EU-LFS "is designed as a continuous quarterly survey with interviews spread uniformly over all weeks of a quarter. Each reference week starts on Monday and ends on Sunday. The first week of a year or quarter is defined as the week that includes the first Thursday of the year or the quarter. All countries conduct the LFS as a continuous survey." (Eurostat (2020): Quality report of the European Union Labour Force Survey 2018, p. 7)
DOIs
Resources
Country Specific Information: EU-LFS 2021
LV - Latvia
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Official Statistics of Latvia
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are surveyed.
The target population comprises all persons aged 15 to 89 years who are permanent residents in Latvia. Persons are excluded from the household, if they are not preserving family relations with the household for one year and more." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 40)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
First stage: list of sampling areas. Second stage: Demographic Statistics Data Processing System including data from Population register and the National Real Estate.
Sampling Design
Probability
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
type of territory (degree of urbanisation)
Sampling Method
"In the first stage of sampling, the PSUs are stratified by type of territory (degree of urbanisation) and selected from each stratum using systematic sampling with probability proportional to size. In the second stage, dwellings are randomly selected. [...]
Two sampling frames are built for each sampling stage because a two stages sampling is used. At the first stage, the list of sampling areas is used as the sampling frame. At the second stage, the sampling frame is built from the Demographic Statistics Data Processing System. The Demographic Statistics Data Processing System includes data from the Population Register and the National Real Estate. The strata are defined by their degree of urbanization (Riga, cities, towns and rural areas). The sampling areas are selected from each stratum using systematic sampling with probability proportional to size. The FSUs are selected from the PSUs by a simple random sampling method in each sampled PSU. A sub-sample is used to survey most of the structural variables under the Commission Implementing Regulation (EC) 2019/2240, for which only yearly results are required. The sub-sample is determined according to a wave approach, i.e., it includes the units of each full quarterly sample which, according to the rotation scheme, are interviewed for the first time (1st wave)." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 41)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 93.6 % CATI
- 6.4 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
39 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The initial weights are calculated according to the sample design, with all persons within the same PSU having equal design weights. The design weights are adjusted using the data of response level in each strata for each wave. These weights were then adjusted on the basis of demographic data, State Employment Agency and State Revenue Service information. For adjustment of the quarterly weights demographic data are broken down by type of municipality (Riga, cities, towns, rural areas), 14 age groups and sex as well as in NUTS 3 (6 regions), 3 age groups, eight cities of Republic, the information from the State employment agency by sex and 5 age groups and the information from the State Revenue Service by sex and 7 age groups. All persons within the same household have equal initial and final weights." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 41)
LU - Luxembourg
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
LFS - Haupterhebung
Producer
STATEC
Universe
"The resident population comprises persons registered as residing in one of the municipalities. The sampling frame covers only private households in Luxembourg. Cross-border workers are not taken into account.
The household is defined as persons living together in the same household, subtenants and military personnel returning home at the weekend are excluded." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 44)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- not stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Sampling Method
"A single stage random sample is applied. A representative random sample from the national people register (Registre national des personnes physiques) is selected. The sampling unit is the reference person of the household and all the individuals included in the households are considered as targets of the survey." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 45)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 20 % CATI
- 80 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
0 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"Data from the survey is post-stratified by sex, age classes (0-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65+), and nationality (national/foreigner). All persons of these strata have the same weight, calculated by dividing the population in each stratum by the number of interviewed persons in the same stratum." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 45)
LT - Lithuania
National Reference
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are surveyed.
The target population comprises all persons usually living in the households of the selected dwellings, including those who are temporarily abroad for a period of less than a year. The population also includes foreign nationals who have been living in Lithuania for at least one year." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 42)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- not stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Sampling Method
"The sampling unit are persons living in the private household. All members of the selected persons’ household are surveyed according to a one stage simple random sampling design.
The sample is constructed as follows: having selected a simple random sample of the fixed number of persons of the sampling frame, the members of their households are added. Even if, according to the address sampled, some or all of the people were not included in the list of the sample, all household members actually living at the address are interviewed. Thus, a cluster sample of persons is obtained. All people living at the selected address belong to the same cluster. The actual composition of the cluster is indicated during the survey." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 43)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 4.7 % CAPI
- 91.8 % CATI
- 0.9 % PAPI
- 2.5 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
34.5 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weighting method for the Lithuanian EU-LFS is based on the generalised calibration method introduced by Deville and Särndal in 1992. The initial household weights are calculated considering the unequal selection probabilities of the households. Then, these are adjusted by using as auxiliary information the population data on 60 municipalities and the intersection of 13 age groups, sex and type of territory, urban/rural. All household members have the same sampling weight." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 43)
HR - Croatia
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Croatian Bureau of Statistics
Universe
"The EU-LFS covers the whole country since 2000. The target population comprises all persons who usually reside in Croatia or intend to stay in Croatia for at least 12 months. Only private households are surveyed. Household members are persons who lived in the household for a continuous period of at least 12 months before the reference time, or persons who arrived in the household in their place of usual residence, during the 12 months before the reference time, with the intention of staying there for at least one year." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 32)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011 (updated in 2021)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS2) and type of place of residence
(urban/rural)
Sampling Method
"The sampling design is a two-stage stratified sample. First stage sampling is a list of area units called segments (PSU). They are defined according to the results of the Census 2011 which consist of a number of private households according to each enumeration area. Segments are selected by PPS systematic sampling. The size of a segment is measured by the number of private households in the segment according to the Population Census 2011.
The stratification is done by NUTS2 regions which are further divided in an urban and a rural part. Thus, the final number of strata is eight.
After selecting a sample of segments, 13 (number of weeks in a quarter) non-overlapping sub-samples of segments are selected from sample of segments by systematic sampling (for every week in the quarter).
Within the selected segments, dwellings are selected by a simple random sampling. All members of all private households in a dwelling are interviewed." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 31)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 24 % CAPI
- 76 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
51.3 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in several steps.
1. Design weights are calculated as the inverse value of the selection probabilities of choosing dwellings in a sample. The weights are equal for dwellings, households and persons in one segment, because all households and persons in each selected dwelling are interviewed.
2. Defined weighting groups regarding non-response and response rates are calculated for each of these groups. The urban part of each 21 county constitutes one group while the rural parts in each county form the second group. As there are 21 counties, multiplied by two groups (urban and rural), there are 42 groups within the counties to define and calculate non response rates. Non-response weights are the inverse value of these response rates. They are also equal for each segment.
Calibration is used to adjust the weights. Distributions of 5-year age groups, sex, regions and household size for the sub sample of respondents are calibrated through known auxiliary information from the Census 2011. It reduces sampling error, affecting the initial weights, but within the limits of previously defined constraints set in the CALMAR software. The bounded linear method is used for calibration. The lower limit is set on 0.5 and upper on 3." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 33-34)
RO - Romania
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Universe
"The whole country is covered and only private households are surveyed. The target population comprises persons residing in Romania.
The survey covers all members of the selected households." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 60)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Multifunctional Sample of Territorial Areas (Master sample) updated after Census 2011
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census sections
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Regions (NUTS3) and type of place of residence
(urban/rural)
Sampling Method
"The sampling plan is a two stage-probability sampling of housing units.
In the first stage, a stratified random sample of 792 areas (PSUs) was designed after the 2011 Census, using as stratification criteria the residence area (urban/rural) and county (corresponding to NUTS3 level) - 88 strata in all. This is the Multifunctional Sample of Territorial Areas, known as the master sample EMZOT. The EMZOT sample has 450 PSUs selected from urban area and 342 PSUs selected from rural area.
In the second stage, the dwellings are systematically selected from the initial sample of PSUs. The final quarterly sample consists of 28 512 dwelling units each quarter. All households within each sampling unit are included." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 61)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
28.1 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in three steps.
1. The inverse of the selection probabilities to each sampled dwelling unit is built.
2. Adjustment for non-response, categorising the responding dwelling units by the following characteristics: county (NUTS3) and urban/rural residency.
3. Calibration of the secondary weights to the best latest available population totals by region, urban-rural residency, sex, 14 age groups (0-14, 15-19, …, 70-74, 75 and older) and the household totals by region, using the SAS macro Calmar." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 61)
NO - Norway
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Statistics Norway
Universe
"The target population is the total population aged 15-89, residing in mainland Norway according to the Central Population Register. The survey covers only private households." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 71)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register and Household Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
age, region (NUTS2) and register labour market status
Sampling Method
"Inhabitants in all municipalities are randomly selected, on the basis of a register of persons and private households. Each family member aged 15-89 years old participates in the survey answering questions about their situation during a specified reference week.
The input data for the sampling frame is based on the Population register and Household register. The primary sources are continuously updated by the local registration offices. For EU-LFS use the sampling frame is updated quarterly. The sampling frame is stratified by age, region and register labour market status." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 72)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
8
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
0 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"A one-step multiple model-calibration method (e.g. Montanari and Ranalli 2009) is used to calculate quarterly individual weights. There is no additional step to adjust for non-response with one-step approach (Lundström and Särndal 1999). Thus, design weights are directly used as initial weights in the calibration.
At first, monthly weights are calculated by applying calibration to data of each month of the quarter of interest, and then quarterly weights are calculated as a weighted average of monthly weights, where the weights are defined as proportional to the number of weeks of the associated month.
Model-calibration approach may provide better estimates with higher precision than the usual linear calibration method by enabling to describe the relationship between the output variable and the explanatory variables by a generalized linear model, which also captures linear regression (Wu and Sitter 2001).
The probabilities of being employed, unemployed and outside of labour force are predicted via a multinomial logistic regression model, and then these predicted probabilities are used as calibration variables in addition to other auxiliary variables obtained from register data (Oguz-Alper 2018).
Linear and integrative calibration is used to calculate the yearly and household weights." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 72)
HU - Hungary
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Hungarian Central Statistical Office
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country and only private households are surveyed.
The inclusion or exclusion of the temporary absent persons – like persons living in student homes or worker homes – depends on their economic contribution to the household. For the person living abroad the same rule applies, they are surveyed only if they are contributing to the common household budget. Lodgers and domestic servants are surveyed and registered as separate households, since they live in the sampled dwelling." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 45-46)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Dwellings register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Sampling Method
"The EU-LFS sample is a two-stage stratified probability sample of dwellings based on the register of dwellings, last updated in 2021. The PSU is the locality, while the FSU is the dwelling.
The largest 175 localities are selected with probability equal to 1, they are certainly PSUs (self-representing towns) covering 60% of the whole population. The rest of the population of PSUs are stratified by NUTS3 regions and size of localities. PSUs are then selected with probability proportional to their size within strata. The FSUs are extracted with a systematic random selection from a list of dwellings sorted by address belonging to the sampled localities. All households residing in the selected dwelling are surveyed." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 47)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 33.9 % CAPI
- 66.1 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
45.1 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"1. The first adjustment for unit non-response at PSU level consists in the calibration of the response sample to the number of occupied dwellings by using the Census 2011 data.
2. Calibrated weights are then calculated with the method of iterative ranking at NUTS3 level to population control totals with absolute weight boundaries. All members in a sampled household have the same calibrated weight as the household.
3. Control totals are provided by population projection for the non-institutionalised population. It is based on the Census 2011 results which are adjusted by births, deaths, relocations within the country (each being monthly data) and migration (annual data) from official data sources." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 47-48)
FR - France
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Insee
Universe
"The EU-LFS covers private households living in their main residence in France, except Mayotte (which is covered by a specific annual survey). The resident population comprises persons living in the French metropolitan territory and in the overseas departments. All individuals aged 15-89 years old are surveyed in the household.
An annual LFS is carried out in Mayotte in Q2 with the same coverage (private households living in their main residence)." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 29)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Fidéli is built from several tax registers, including the housing-tax register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
French region (NUTS2 - Metrop.) + infra NUTS3 (DOM)
Sampling Method
"For Metropolitan France, the sampling design consists in a selection of geographic sectors with a stratified and balanced method. The stratification is carried out by NUTS2. The balanced sampling uses the following variables: age/sex, type of household, QPV, income (total, unemployment benefits and wages). The sample is spatially balanced in order to limit spatial autocorrelation.
For overseas departments, the sample is composed of dwellings selected through a stratified systematic sampling (systematic sampling with equal inclusion probabilities, within geographic strata which form a partition of the territory).
For Metropolitan France, the sectors are cut into 6 clusters of nearby dwellings, in such a way that there are around 20 main residences in each cluster. Inside the sectors, each cluster is randomly assigned to a number between 1 and 6; this number determines when the cluster enters the sample, each cluster is interviewed 6 consecutive quarters and then replaced by another cluster of the same sector.
For overseas departments, dwellings are directly selected within strata through a systematic sampling with equal inclusion probabilities. Strata sample sizes are proportional to the total numbers of main residences in the strata.
For Metropolitan France and DOM, the sample is uniformly distributed among the 13 weeks of the quarter. Each cluster is committed to a fixed reference week." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 30)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 8.6 % CAPI
- 44.9 % CATI
- 25.8 % Websurvey
- 20.7 % Mixed Mode Collection
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
23.4 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"Weighting procedures are different for Metropolitan France and overseas departments.
The quarterly core weights are derived from the household weights which are calculated as following:
For metropolitan France, a two-steps weighting method is applied: calibration and non-response model on variables from the sampling frame in the first step, calibration on external data (population by age, sex and region; number of dwellings) in the second step.
For overseas departments, a two-steps weighting method is also applied: non-response model on variables from the sampling frame in the first step, calibration on external data (population by age, sex and region; number of dwellings) in the second step.
Each respondent individual gets the household weight, normalized by dividing it by the number of respondents in the household and multiplying it by the total number of individuals in the household." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 31)
BG - Bulgaria
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
National Statistical Institute
Universe
"The resident population includes all persons usually residing in Bulgaria, including persons temporarily abroad (less than one year). Foreign nationals, except diplomats working at the foreign embassies and members of their families, are included in the resident population if they have lived in Bulgaria for more than one year or if they intend to stay for at least a year. The survey covers all the members of the selected households including persons staying in hospitals or other health care institutions for less than one year; students in secondary schools even though studying at different place; students at military schools; and persons left for temporal or seasonal work within the country." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 11-12)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Census 2011 (updated in 2016)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
districts (28 administrative districts at NUTS3 level), crossed with type of place of residence (three groups: district centre, other town and village)
Sampling Method
"The PSUs are Census (enumeration) areas that are sampled (by randomised systematic sampling) with probability proportional to their size, i.e. the number of dwellings per Census area.
In the second stage, dwelling units are selected from the initial sample by simple random sampling.
The initial (1st wave) theoretical quarterly sample of PSUs is 1 130 Census areas (in total 5 650 Census areas), while the approximate final sample size is 33 900 dwelling units per quarter." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 12)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 97.1 % PAPI
- 2.9 % Mixed Mode Collection
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
26.8 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in three steps.
1. Initial weights are obtained as inverse of inclusion probability of each household.
2. The initial weights are multiplied by correction factor for households’ non-response which is calculated as the ratio between the total number of selected households in a stratum and the number of interviewed households from the same stratum.
3. In the final step, the intermediate weights (corrected for non-response) are calibrated to the population estimates by the following variables: at national level by 5-year age group, sex and type of place of residence (urban/rural); at district level (NUTS3) by three age groups (0-14, 15-64, 65+), sex and type of place of residence (urban/rural).
For the calculation of the weights, the population estimates at the end of the previous quarter are used." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 13)
BE - Belgium
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Statistics Belgium
Universe
"The survey covers the entire country but only private households, where at least one person is younger than 89, are included in the survey. A household is the unit comprising either one person living alone or two or more persons living together in the same dwelling, sharing meals and expenditures." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 9)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register extended with information from tax and unemployment registers
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Municipality
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
Region
Sampling Method
"In the first stage of sampling, the PSUs are explicitly stratified by NUTS2 regions (i.e. provinces, where the Brussels Capital Region and the German community are separate strata). The PSU sampling frame, within each stratum, is further sorted on (1) the quintile of the number of private households in the PSU, (2) the quintile of the unemployment rate in the PSU and (3) the quintile of the average household income in the PSU." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 9)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 60 % CATI
- 40 % Websurvey
Interview Mode - Description
"As part of the measures to limit the spread of the coronavirus, all face-to-face interviews have been temporarily replaced by telephone interviews since the first lockdown in March 2020. The follow-up surveys are conducted - as before the Covid-19 crisis - by telephone or via the internet."
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
26.9 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The two-step quarterly weighting model can be formulated as: < IND; STRAT12 × SEX × AGECAT + RG_c; d/p; Lin >.
1. The third component, d/p, in this formal representation of the weighting model, means that, in step one, the sampling weights d are corrected using estimated response probabilities p at household level; a random intercept logistic regression model, followed by smoothing, is used to estimate the p.
2. Proper calibration is applied to further adjust the corrected weights d/p. The first component IND indicates that calibration is done at the individual level. The second component is a formal expression for the linear structure of the calibration model in step two, indicating that calibration is to the joint distribution of variables STRAT12, SEX and AGECAT in the population; and the totals of calibrated weights for the rotation groups (RGs) involved in each quarterly sample are forced to be proportional to the initial sizes of these RGs (the notation RG_c stands for ‘contrast constraints between RGs’). The fourth and last component, Lin, indicates the use of the linear method for calibration." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 10)
DE - Germany
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Microcensus
Producer
Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder
Universe
"The survey covers private and collective households, except for military quarters. A private household comprises either a person living alone or two or more persons who live together or maintain a joint household. The members of a private household are characterised by the same dwelling and common housekeeping. Conscripts on compulsory military service and students are included in the household to which they belong. The resident population (statistical population) includes all inhabitants with their main place of residence and their secondary residence in the territory of Germany. Foreign armed forces and members of the diplomatic corps and their families are excluded." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 18-19)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Census 2011 updated with data from building licences since 2017
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Dwelling blocks
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Region and size of building
Sampling Method
"The sampling method applied, i.e. sorting, defining zones and sampling within the zones, ensures an effect similar to stratification. The regional strata (see ‘stratification’) are grouped to 131 ‘adjustment strata’, at least to the extent that an average of 500 000 inhabitants are obtained. Bound expansion is performed at that regional level. Before sampling, the sample districts are sorted in terms of region, i.e. within each stratum they are sorted by regional stratum subgroup, administrative district, community size class, community and sample district number. The sampling districts are stratified by region and size of the buildings. The stratification by size of the buildings is based on the size classes used to work out the sampling units." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 19)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 1 % CAPI
- 22.3 % CATI
- 28.7 % PAPI
- 42 % Websurvey
- 6 % Mixed Mode Collection
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
19.4 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"A two stages adjustment procedure is used.
1. Due to COVID-19 and technical issues, it was not possible to access sufficient information on households who failed to respond. As a proxy, the structure of 2019 EU-LFS sample was adjusted by regional sampling ratios of 2020. The net sample was calibrated to this proxy based on education (low, medium, high), nationality (German, non-German), age (65 and under, over 65) and household size (1 person or more). Non response weights were calculated as the inverse of the received calibration weight.
2. The quarterly sample is stratified a posteriori by nationality, sex, age group, region NUTS-2, and employment status. The yearly sample is stratified by number of private households, size of household, employment status, age groups, nationality, sex, region NUTS-2." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 19-20)
DK - Denmark
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Arbejdskraftundersøgelsen (AKU)
Producer
Statistics Denmark
Universe
"The entire country is covered, apart from Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The survey covers persons living in either private or collective households with domicile in Denmark according to the Central Population Register." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 17)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register and other registers (enhanced with information from the labour market register and the income register)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
gross income, net unemployment, socio-economic status and age
Sampling Method
"Stratification is overall based on employment and unemployment. The variables used for the delimitation are gross income, net unemployment from the unemployment register, socio-economic status and age. Persons aged 16-64 years that were registered as unemployed in a specific quarter prior to the survey quarter are selected with a higher probability than their relative proportion of the total population." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 17)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 47.3 % CATI
- 52.7 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
6.6 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The strata are weighted separately. Weighting is performed by using a combination of sex, age group (15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-74, 75-89), socio-economic status, income, nationality, level of education, status in the unemployment register and region." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 17)
FI - Finland
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS)
Producer
Statistics Finland
Universe
"The target population comprises people aged 15 to 89 who are registered as permanently resident in Finland, including those who are temporarily abroad for a period of less than a year. It also includes foreign nationals who have been living in Finland for at least a year or intend to do so. The Finnish EU-LFS population may include some people living in a premises resembling institution. They have an address registered as a private household. Persons living in serviced flats usually form a private household, like living in a boarding house. Conscripts are excluded from the private household population." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 66)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Central Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Regions (NUTS1) and age
Sampling Method
"The sampling design used in Finland is a stratified systematic sampling of persons where the strata are formed according to NUTS1 regions and age, with over-sampling from the Autonomous Territory of the Åland Islands.
In each stratum, systematic random selection is applied to the frame sorted according to the domicile code and personal identity number which yields implicit geographic stratification. So far, no indication of selection bias due to systematic sampling has been encountered, thus the selection procedure can be approximated by simple random sampling without replacement." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 67)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
3-(1)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 0.2 % CAPI
- 64.6 % CATI
- 29.7 % Websurvey
- 5.5 % Mixed Mode Collection
Interview Mode - Description
"The Labour Force Survey data are collected with computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted by Statistics Finland's interviewers and partly by face-to-face interviews and from 2021 onwards with a web questionnaire."
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
5.8 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The core EU-LFS is a monthly survey of individuals. The monthly weighting process is the basis for the quarterly weighting. So, an estimation weight of quarterly estimates (COEFFQ for individuals aged 15-89) is derived from the monthly estimation weight. Calibration and GREG estimation are applied to respondents of monthly data set. COEFFQ is derived from the monthly estimation weight by procedure, where COEFFQ is proportional to the number of reference weeks and population size in the relevant months assuring that all weeks of the quarter are equally represented.
Specific weighting procedures are adopted for the household sub-sample and for the sub-sample of structural variables collected by the wave approach." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 67)
IE - Ireland
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Central Statistics Office
Universe
"Only private households are included. A person is defined to be a ‘usual resident’ of a private household if he/she lives regularly at the dwelling in question and shares the main living accommodation (i.e. kitchen, living room or bathroom) with the other members of the household." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 23)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011 and 2016
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census sections
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
Region, Pobal HP Deprivation Index
Sampling Method
"The Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) replaced the Quarterly National Survey from Q3 2017. A new independent sample based on the 2011 Census of Population was selected for the EU-LFS and this was introduced gradually from Q1 2016. An additional new sample based on the 2016 Census of Population was gradually introduced (over five quarters) from Q2 2019 and was fully active by Q2 2020.
A two-stage sample design is used. The sample frame is clustered into blocks (small areas) with each block containing a minimum of 60 occupied households on the night of the 2016 Census of Population. In the first stage, 1 300 blocks are selected using a probability proportional to population size. The sample, introduced in 2019, is also stratified by using administrative county data and the Pobal HP Deprivation Index. In the second stage, each block is split into rotation groups each containing 20 households." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 24)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous Survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 38.3 % CAPI
- 55.6 % CATI
- 6.1 % Mixed Mode Collection
Interview Mode - Description
"Mixed mode data collection is used for the LFS, that is, a mix of face-to-face and phone interviews. [...] The first interview in the LFS is face-to-face by an interviewer using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). If the householders agree, then Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI), from a dedicated call centre, is used for the four follow-up interviews. Otherwise, the follow-up interviews are conducted using face-to-face interviews.
Users should note that, as referenced in the Press Statement of 20 March 2020, the CSO had to suspend direct face-to-face interviews for the LFS (and other household surveys) due to the social distancing measures introduced in Ireland because of COVID-19. Consequently, all interviews for the LFS since then have been carried out by telephone."
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
50.8 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The survey results are weighted to match with population estimates broken down by age (5-year age groups), sex and region (NUTS3 regions). After that, results are calibrated on broad national totals by broad age groups (0-14 and 15+) and sex. The estimates are calculated as follows:
1. The previous quarters’ population estimate or Census of population at regional level is used as the base population.
2. A quarter of this population is aged on by one year.
3. Births for the relevant period are added to each region (source: registered births).
4. Deaths for relevant period are subtracted from each region (source: registered deaths).
5. Net migration (inflows from other regions minus outflows to other regions plus inflows from abroad minus outflows to abroad) is added to each region (main source)." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 24)
AT - Austria
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Austrian Microcensus
Producer
Statistik Austria
Universe
"Only the population in private households is included. The sampling frame covers all dwellings where at least one person has a registered main residence." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 53)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Register of residents
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Regions (NUTS2)
Sampling Method
"The sampling design is a stratified single random sample from the sampling frame, with each region (‘Bundesland’ - NUTS2) forming a stratum. The number of strata is 9 (number of Bundesländer in Austria). The sampling unit is the dwelling with at least one person with main residence. All people in the selected dwellings are surveyed." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 54)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 24 % CAPI
- 39 % CATI
- 36.8 % Websurvey
- 0.2 % Mixed Mode Collection
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
18.3 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in two steps.
1. For each record a basic weight, which depends on the stratum and the domain, is calculated.
2. The weights are adjusted so that the resulting distribution is in accordance with the population within the federal regions (Bundesländer, NUTS2). Calibration is performed by iterative proportional fitting. The weights are adjusted in such a manner, that the figures correspond to the population with main residence at the beginning of each quarter minus persons in institutional households." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 54)
CZ - Czech Republic
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labor force sample survey
Producer
Czech Statistical Office
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are surveyed. The target population comprises all persons usually living in the selected dwellings, regardless of the type of stay (permanent, temporary or non-registered). Temporarily absent persons (for less than one year) and domestic servants are included. It does not cover persons (students, workers, migrants) living in collective accommodation. Lodgers are considered as independent budget-keeping households. People living abroad are excluded." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 14)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Register of Census Areas, last updated in 2013
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region (districts, Prague 1 district)
Sampling Method
"The strata consist of 77 districts with Prague considered as one district.
The PSUs are Census (enumeration) areas that are sampled (by randomised systematic sampling) with probability proportional to their size, i.e. the number of dwellings per Census area.
In the second stage, dwelling units are selected from the initial sample by simple random sampling.
The initial (1st wave) theoretical quarterly sample of PSUs is 1 130 Census areas (in total 5 650 Census areas), while the approximate final sample size is 33 900 dwelling units per quarter." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 14-15)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 6.3 % CAPI
- 22.7 % CATI
- 71 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
41.3 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weights are based on post-stratification by 13 age groups, sex and the 77 districts. Demographic figures for each quarter in 2021 were forecasted from the definitive demographic data for end-of-year 2020, taken into account migration and natural development of the population." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 15)
CY - Cyprus
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Statistical Service of Cyprus, Ministry of Finance
Universe
"The survey covers the areas of Cyprus controlled by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Only private households are covered.
The resident population comprises persons who usually reside in Cyprus or intend to stay in Cyprus for at least 12 months. It excludes Cypriot students studying abroad as well as foreign armed forces and foreigners who work in embassies or diplomatic missions." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 38)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011 updated with register of domestic consumers of electricity, obtained from the Electricity Authority of Cyprus
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Regions (district level) and type of place of residence (urban/rural areas)
Sampling Method
"The sample frame refers to the number of households enumerated in the Population Census of 2011. In 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020 the Population Census of 2011 households frame was updated with the domestic consumers of electricity which were connected after the Census date. These were obtained from the Electricity Authority of Cyprus.
The sampling plan is stratified and within each stratum simple random sampling is applied. The variables used for stratification are the districts and the urban/rural areas within each district." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 39)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
47 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The design weights, i.e. the inverse of the probabilities of inclusion of the households in the sample, are calculated and adjusted for non-response in each stratum. Following that, the adjusted weights for non-response are calibrated." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 39)
SE - Sweden
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Official Statistics of Sweden
Universe
"The survey population consists of individuals residing in private households aged 15-89 and who were in the Swedish population register on 31 December (reference year). However, people below the age of 15 do not take part in the survey until they turn 15. People who cannot work due to long-term health problems, and people not in employment who are aged 70 or older and who are not looking for work, are interviewed once a year and in the eighth survey round." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 68)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
county and sex
Sampling Method
"The total sample consists of two separate samples.
The sample is drawn at the end of the fourth quarter every year to update the sample with new sample persons. The total sample consists of two parts, one for the age group 15-74 and one for the age group 75-89." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 69)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
8
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
1.9 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The estimates are built on regression estimators (GREG) with a set of auxiliary information. This auxiliary information varies over time and today’s information is used based on the Total Population Register (TPR), the monthly employer reports at individual level (AGI) and the Swedish Public Employment Service’s job-seeker register (SOK). This auxiliary information consists of variables that are correlated with central EU-LFS variables as well as the breakdown into response and non-response.
Each month, the last wave of the individual EU-LFS sample is used as the starting point to identify households, for which data are to be collected. Thus, the sampling design is a two-phase design, where network sampling is used in the second phase. The weights are based on the calibration approach for two-phase sampling in Estevao and Särndal (2002). Design weights constructed according to the network sampling design and adjusted for non-response at the household level, are used as initial weights in the calibration. Only information at the individual level is used for the calibration." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 69-70)
SI - Slovenia
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
Universe
"Only population living in private households is included in the sampling frame. Only households with at least one member younger than 89 years are considered. A private household is made up of all people living in a dwelling." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 62)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Central Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
Regions (NUTS3) and type of settlement
Sampling Method
"The sampling method is a stratified systematic random sampling of individuals. All members of the household of the selected individual are included.
Strata are defined by NUTS3 regions and type of settlement, defining 46 strata in total. Stratum allocation is proportional to the population distribution." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 62-63)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous Survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 32.4 % CAPI
- 67.6 % CATI
Interview Mode - Description
"The first interview is a face-to-face interview at home. All repeated interviews are telephone interviews, if the household has a telephone. If the household doesnt have a telephone, the interviewer visits it at home. […] Due to the Covid-19 situation, the collection was changed in the 2nd and 4th quarter of 2020, as well as in the 1st and 2nd quarter of 2021: personal face-toface (CAPI) data collection was stopped. All surveys were conducted by telephone."
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
52.3 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The data is weighted for unequal probability of selection of households and non-response, and calibrated according to the known population distribution: household size, age groups (0-14, 15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70+), sex and region (NUTS3 level). All weights are calculated on a household level; thus members of the same household have identical weights. Weights are benchmarked to population totals. People living in institutions are excluded from population totals." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 63)
SK - Slovakia
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Sample Survey
Producer
Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic
Universe
"The whole country is covered. Only private households are surveyed. People living on their own constitute one-person households.
Since 2021, the target population of the EU-LFS survey has been all persons aged in Slovakia who are defined as usual residents. Usual residents are persons who have resided in their place of usual residence continuously for at least one year, or persons who have resided there less than one year but with the intention of staying in this place for at least one year" (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 64)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population census 2011
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Regions
Sampling Method
"The PSUs correspond to the Census Administrative Units. The selection probability of each CAU is proportional to its population size. Number of selected CAU in every district proportionally equals to the population as of December, 2011 in each district. Each PSU can be selected more than once. At the second stage, five dwelling units are selected from each instance of the PSU using a simple random sampling method." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 65)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 21.8 % CAPI
- 78.1 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
51.3 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"Data from the survey for all persons participating in the survey are weighted by administrative data on the total population living in private households as of Jan. 1, 2021 by region, sex and age groups. Grossing to the population is done at the level of individuals." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 65)
IT - Italy
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Italian National Institute of Statistics
Universe
"The target population is the resident population, which is the population recorded in the registry offices of the Italian municipalities. All the Italian regions are covered. Only private households are included in the sample. Non-resident households, people not living in private households and household members emigrated abroad, or absent from the selected household for more than one year, are not covered.
Persons who work away from the family home during the week and who usually return to the family home at weekends, shall consider the family home to be his or her place of usual residence.
Regardless of the duration of the absence, are included in the household: (a) persons who live outside their family home for the purpose of work shall consider their family home to be their place of usual residence in case they significantly contribute to the household income and are not usual residents of another private household; (b) students who are away from family home shall consider their family home to be their place of usual residence in case they benefit from the household income and are not usual residents of another private household." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 36)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
registry lists of the sample municipalities
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Municipality
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS3)
Sampling Method
"Stratification of PSUs is carried out in each NUTS3 domain and is based on the population of the municipalities. Large municipalities, with population over a given threshold (also called self-representative municipalities), are always included in the sample. Smaller municipalities (non-self-representative) are grouped in strata, then one municipality in each stratum is selected with probability proportional to the population size.
The FSUs are the households, and they are randomly selected from the registry offices in all municipalities drawn at the first stage." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 36)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous Survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Interview Mode - Description
"The first interview is conducted with CAPI technique. All interviews following the first, for households that have a telephone, are administered with CATI technique. The interviews continue with the CAPI technique if the families do not have a telephone or for particular situations that highlight this requirement. On the other hand, the interviews are always carried out using the CAPI technique if the holder of the household form is a foreigner."
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
36.1 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The calibration estimator is used to obtain EU-LFS estimates. Grossing-up weights are determined as follows:
1. Initial weights are obtained as the inverse of the inclusion probabilities of any household in the sample.
2. Correction factors for households’ non-response are calculated as the reciprocal of the response ratios (computed for specific kinds of households and territorial domains). Following this, intermediate weights corrected for non-response are computed, thus multiplying initial weights by these correction factors.
3. Starting from the intermediate weights, final grossing weights are obtained solving a minimisation problem under constraints. The function to be minimised is the distance between final and intermediate weights. The constraints concern the estimates of some auxiliary variables that have to be equal to the totals in the reference population derived from external sources. Main constraints are population by sex and 14 age classes covering a 5-year width, at NUTS2 level; and population by sex and 5 age classes of different widths at NUTS3 level. The final weights ensure that all members of a given household have the same weight.
Due to the calibration estimator, by applying final grossing-up weights, the sample reproduces the same distribution of the population according to the chosen auxiliary variables.
The grossing-up weights are computed on a quarterly basis, whereas annual estimates are calculated as averages of the quarterly estimates." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 36)
MT - Malta
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
National Statistics Office Malta
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. Only private households are surveyed.
The survey covers private households, including people who are temporarily absent from their usual place of residence. Children or any other members who are living in another dwelling or institution are excluded." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 49)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Sampling Method
"The sampling plan is a one stage systematic random sample of households selected from a register of population. Eligible households are ordered by address details, number of males and number of females in household and number of persons aged 0-14, 15-24, 25-44, 45-64, and 65 and older. All persons living in the household are interviewed." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 50)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Interview Mode - Description
"In 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of interviews for panel one were carried out over the phone as per Health authorities guidelines. Similarly, households that were then selected for the second to fourth panel, were also contacted by telephone or mobile number. For the latter panels, an interviewer is usually sent only when households do not provide a telephone number or do not have a telephone line or do not want to be interviewed over the phone." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 50)
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
41.5 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"For weighting procedures, the design weights are computed through calibration with the logit method. The following benchmarks are used: panel, district of residence of respondents, number of households in Malta, nationality and registered employed non-nationals and nested demographics of sex and age groups. Household weights are the same as
the yearly weights." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 50)
PL - Poland
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Statistics Poland
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. The target population covers all persons aged 15 years and older with usual residence in Poland. Only private households are surveyed. Persons living in institutional households (army, hospital, prison, hostels, etc.) are excluded from the survey, if their length of stay in these institutions is planned to be one year or longer. The same applies to persons living permanently or temporarily in other countries." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 56)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
OBS - statistical sampling frame for social surveys
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Regions (NUTS2) and type of place of residence (urban/rural)
Sampling Method
"The PSUs refer, with few exceptions, to Census clusters in towns and enumeration districts in rural areas. PSUs are stratified by urban/rural division of NUTS2 regions; stratification within NUTS2 regions depends on the size of the place, with rural areas included among the smallest ones. PSUs are sampled within strata with sampling probability proportional to the number of dwellings in a PSU. In the second stage, the dwelling units are sampled from selected PSUs stratified by size of the municipality." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 56)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
42.1 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weights are computed using a four-step procedure.
1. The initial design weights are calculated for dwelling units, i.e. the inverse of the selection probabilities for the final sampling units in each stratum.
2. The weighted response rates are calculated for sampling units stratified a posteriori by six place-of-residence categories in each NUTS2 region.
3. The initial weights are adjusted by the response rates.
4. Final calibration to some constraints which include the population by the urban-rural division, sex, age, NUTS2 region and a constraint forcing equal representation of reference weeks in the quarterly estimates." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, pp. 56-57)
PT - Portugal
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Portuguese Labour Force Survey
Producer
Statistics Portugal
Universe
"The whole geographical territory of Portugal is covered, i.e. mainland, Madeira and Acores. Only private dwellings are covered. Persons living as usual residents in collective dwellings are excluded.
The usual residence for all persons in the target population is established based on the ‘most of the time’ criterion, i.e., a person is assigned to the dwelling where he/she spends the majority of the year (more than 6 months). It means that, when a person regularly lives in more than one dwelling, the dwelling where one spends most of the year is taken as one’s place of usual residence." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 58)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
National Dwelling Register (NDR)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Regions (NUTS3)
Sampling Method
"The sampling frame is stratified by NUTS3 and, in each stratum, the PSUs are selected systematically with probability proportional to the number of private dwellings as usual residence. The PSUs are composed by one or more contiguous grid INSPIRE cells with 1 km2 of area, having at least 300 private dwellings as usual residence. In total, 1 254 PSUs are selected.
In the second stage, dwellings are selected by a systematic random sampling. For each rotation wave and NUTS 2 region, 300 dwellings are selected by each PSU. All persons living in the same dwelling are interviewed.
Dwellings are kept in the sample for six consecutive quarters before being replaced by an identical number of dwellings in the same PSU. One-sixth of the sample is replaced each quarter." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 59)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
51.1 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weight is derived as the product of a design weight (which incorporates design information and non-response) and a factor that calibrates the sample to the independent demographic estimates using an a-posteriori stratification method by:
- NUTS2, sex and 5-year age groups;
- NUTS3 (or groups of NUTS3) by six age groups;
- NUTS3 (or groups of NUTS3) by sex." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 59)
CH - Switzerland
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Swiss Labour Force Survey (SLFS)
Producer
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Universe
"The survey population consists of all persons living in private households aged 15+ years. Persons aged 90 years or older are not interviewed in the Swiss EU-LFS, however, they still remain in the sample and socio-demographic information for these persons is derived from register data. Concerning their labour market status, they are all considered as outside the labour force. Only one person per household is selected for the interview.
The Swiss EU-LFS covers only the permanent resident population in Switzerland and excludes some types of foreign persons. The permanent resident population includes all persons officially residing in Switzerland for the entire year. This includes: Swiss citizens, foreign citizens holding a permanent residence permit or a residence permit valid for at least one year, international civil servants, diplomats and their family members." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 73)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Sampling Frame for Person and Household Surveys
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Individuals
Stratification Criteria
Regions (NUTS3)
Sampling Method
"The sample for the Swiss EU-LFS is divided into two parts: a standard sample (containing both Swiss and foreign nationals) and an extra sample of foreign persons. Both subsamples are stratified by canton (NUTS 3 region) of residence: the size of each stratum is proportionate to the population size of the respective canton, except for the canton of Ticino (NUTS 3=CH07), for which the proportion of the sample is fixed at 6% of its population size.
The base used for both sub-samples is the SFSO’s Sampling Frame for Person and Household Surveys, which contains administrative data provided by cantonal and communal resident’s register offices and covers 100% of Switzerland’s permanent resident population. Initially, a random Poisson sample of households is drawn from the sampling frame. Subsequently, one person of each household in this first stage sample is selected by simple random sampling. Once a household has been selected for a survey conducted by the SFSO, it remains ineligible for any other SFSO-survey during four years (coordination methods are used to reach this goal)." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 74)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 55.4 % CATI
- 44.3 % Websurvey
- 0.3 % Mixed Mode Collection
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
1.1 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weighting procedure is based on a two-phase process.
1. The design weights are obtained as the reciprocal of the inclusion probability of the sample units.
2. These weights are adjusted for non-response and finally the sample is calibrated on age, sex, canton of residence (NUTS3), and other variables (nationality, residence permit, duration of residence, marital status, labour market status, number of jobs, income decile, grade of invalidity to work, reception of invalidity or old age pension, registration at public employment office, duration of registration at public employment office, economic activity of the local unit, legal form of the local unit) using the calibration software CALMAR. Additionally, the household type is used for the adjustment of non-response." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 74)
ES - Spain
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Economically active population survey 2021
Producer
Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS)
Universe
"The population residing in private households is covered, including servants. Persons living in collective institutions and persons who are temporarily absent are sampled via relatives living in private households. Foreign nationals are included in the resident population if they have lived or intend to live in Spain for more than one year." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 27)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011 updated with registers and field work routes in order to update the new dwellings
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
populations size
Sampling Method
"The sampling is a two-stage sampling procedure with stratification of the PSUs. The PSUs are geographical areas in which all the country is split. These areas are stratified within each province using the population size of the municipality. Within each stratum, the areas are sub-stratified according to the socio-economic characteristics of the population. The FSUs are private households (dwelling units). Units are selected in such a way as to obtain self-weighted samples within each stratum. The PSUs are selected with probability proportional to the size and FSUs are selected with equal probability. A sub-sample is used to survey the structural variables under the Commission Implementing Regulation (EC) 2019/2240, for which only yearly results are required. The sub-sample is determined according to a wave approach, i.e. it includes the units of each full quarterly sample which, according to the rotation scheme, are interviewed for the sixth and last time (6th wave)." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 28)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
quarterly continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 20.2 % CAPI
- 69.4 % CATI
- 1.6 % Websurvey
- 8.8 % Mixed Mode Collection
Interview Mode - Description
"Circumstances related to data collection work: Since the final weeks of the first quarter of 2020, it has not been possible to conduct face-toface interviews. Due to the need to replace them with with telephone interviews in order to avoid health risks to informants and interviewers led to a decrease in the first interview sample size, since the phone numbers of all the new households entering the sample group for the first time were not available. This has not been the case for subsequent interviews, since these are mainly carried out by telephone."
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
49.4 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The design uses Ratio Estimator and the auxiliary variable is the Population Projection, living in private dwellings, at the stratum level.
1. Every quarter, population projections by age group (0-14 years and 15+ years) and Spanish provinces (in general corresponding to NUTS3 regions) are calculated. Projections by age and region are distributed by stratum in proportion to the population of each stratum. In each stratum, age group and region, the weighting is determined by the ratio of the projection to the sample size.
2. The sample is then calibrated in order to adjust to the population distribution. The auxiliary information used is based on population estimates by sex and 5-year age groups and dwelling size (five groups of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5+ inhabitants) at NUTS2 level (Comunidades Autónomas), the nationality of the population aged 15 and more (national/non-national) at NUTS2 level and by sex and three aggregated age groups (15-29, 30-49, 50+) at NUTS3 level, and 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55+ at national level.
3. A linear weighting method is used, in which each member of the dwelling has the same weight." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 28)
NL - Netherlands
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Dutch Labour Force Survey (LFS)
Producer
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek
Universe
"The resident population comprises persons residing in the Netherlands. The survey covers only persons living in private households. The private household comprises either persons living alone or two or more persons, whether or not they are of the same family, who usually occupy the same dwelling and share a joint budget.
The survey is based on sliding reference weeks, meaning that respondents answer the questions about the current week." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 51)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
List of postal addresses and Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Municipality
Secondary Sampling Units
Individuals
Stratification Criteria
Regions (NUTS3)
Sampling Method
"In the first stage, municipalities per corop area are systematically selected with probabilities proportional to their population numbers, and for each municipality the number of persons to be drawn is determined. For each selected municipality, that number is one (the cluster size), or in the case of a self-selecting municipality, the product of the sampling fraction and the number of inhabitants.
The second stage consists of random sub-samples of persons from the target population with sizes determined in the first stage. The sub-samples are approximately self-weighted, which means that all persons in the target population have approximately the same probability of being in the sample." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 52)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 2.3 % CAPI
- 21.1 % CATI
- 74.2 % Websurvey
- 2.4 % Mixed Mode Collection
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
0 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"Weighting of the respondents is done in two stages.
1. All respondents are assigned an inclusion weight. These are calculated to correct unequal inclusion probabilities due to the sampling method.
2. Final weights are determined. Biases due to non-response are reduced by means of information about sex, age, ethnic background, place of residence and some other regional classifications. In addition, administrative sources about the income and the registration at unemployment office are used. Furthermore, information on the correlation in the panel overlap between subsequent quarters is used and all waves are weighted in one step" (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 52)
EE - Estonia
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Estonian Labour Force Survey
Producer
Statistics Estonia
Universe
"The survey covers the whole country. The target population comprises all persons living in private households aged 15 and older with permanent residence in Estonia, i.e., those who have lived or intend to live in Estonia for more than one year.
The household is made up either of persons living alone or of two or more persons who share a household budget and usually occupy the same dwelling. Temporarily absent household members (absence shorter than one year for study, work, etc.) are included." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 21)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population and housing Census 2011, Population register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
population size and inclusion probabilities
Sampling Method
"The sampling design is a stratified systematic sampling of individuals. All persons aged 15 years and older belonging into the household of the selected individual are interviewed. The 15 counties of Estonia and Tallinn are divided into four strata according to the population size (I – Tallinn, II – four bigger counties, III – ten smaller counties, IV – Hiiu County). Different inclusion probabilities are used in the strata, the highest being for Hiiu County." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 22)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
2-(2)-2
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
No
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 96 % CATI
- 4 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
23.5 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"The weights are calculated in a sequence of steps.
1. A stratified sampling method is used and the initial weight is inversely proportional to the inclusion probability for each stratum. The initial weight is also inversely proportional to the size of household.
2. For non-response adjustment, the non-response correction factors are computed. Homogeneous groups of respondents are formed on the basis of the household place of residence, according to the non-response rate in the region. Within each group, the correction factor is inversely proportional to the overall response rate in the region.
3. The weights are calibrated so that they produce exact population numbers in certain subgroups known from demographic data (excluding institutional population). For working-age persons, the subgroups by sex, age (5-year age groups), type of place of residence (urban/rural area), 15 counties (LAU) and the capital city), nationality (Estonians/non-Estonians) and educational level (primary, secondary, tertiary) are considered. For this purpose, the linear consistent weighting method is applied. For non-working-age persons, the non-response adjusted household’s weights are calibrated by sex and 5-year age groups.
As of 2021, the data are calibrated for the calculation of weights in the following breakdowns:
- sex and age group (5-year groups);
- county of the place of residence of household;
- degree of urbanisation (urban or rural);
- ethnic nationality (as of 2005) (Estonians, non-Estonians);
- educational level (as of 2021) (three levels)." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 22)
EL - Greece
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
Labour Force Survey
Producer
Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT)
Universe
"The survey covers only private households (group of persons who provide jointly at least the expenses for food). Included in the household are persons who have multiple residences, but stay in the household for 6 months or more; work during the week in another town but return regularly in the weekends in the household; are working in merchant shipping (considered members of the household irrespectively of the duration of absence) or are temporarily away (less than 6 months)." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 25)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
List of cities blocks, by enumeration district, compiled at the Census 2011, updated from Q1 2015 to Q3 2016 (rate of renewal was 1/6 per quarter).
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Dwelling blocks
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
Region (NUTS3) (23 strata for each) - Athens -Thessaloniki apart
Sampling Method
"The sampling design is a two-stage stratified sampling of dwellings. At the first stage, a random selection of building blocks with probability proportional to their size (where the size is defined as the number of households residing in the building block at the time of last Census) is carried out. Then, within the blocks selected at first stage, a systematic sampling of dwellings is performed. All persons residing in the selected dwelling are interviewed for the EU-LFS survey.
Athens agglomeration is divided in 31 final strata and Thessaloniki agglomeration is divided in nine final strata. For these areas, the strata are defined by groups of municipalities. All other NUTS3 areas are divided in two or three final strata. The first stratum is composed by all settlements with population 10 000 persons or more, the second is composed by all settlements with population 2 000 – 9 999 persons and the third is composed by all settlements with population 1 – 1 999 persons." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 26)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Continuous survey
Participation Mandatory
Yes
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 75.6 % CAPI
- 24.4 % Mixed Mode Collection
Interview Mode - Description
From 2021 onwards by electronic means (CAPI)
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
46.6 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"Design weights are calculated as the inverse of probability selection of the household (computed from the total number of households during 2011 census, and the expected sample size). These weights are adjusted for non - response at primary unit level. Finally, the adjusted weights are calibrated to known totals by NUTS2 region, sex and age groups." (Eurostat (2024): Labour force survey in the EU, EFTA and candidate countries. Main characteristics of national surveys 2021, p. 26)