Title
European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2018
EU-SILC 2018 contains the 2018 module on Material deprivation, well-being and housing difficulties.
Geographical Coverage
EU-28 member states and Iceland, Turkey, Norway and Switzerland. Montenegro, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) and Serbia. (Eurostat: METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES AND DESCRIPTION OF EU-SILC TARGET VARIABLES. 2018 operation (Version July 2019), p. 13).
Time Period Covered
Reference period for core variables: current, constant, at selection, income reference period, usual week, last 4 weeks, last 12 months, since last year, working life, childcare reference period.
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Country Specific Information: EU-SILC 2018
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LV - Latvia
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 67.9 % CAPI
- 24 % CATI
- 0.7 % PAPI
- 7.4 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
22.6 %
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LU - Luxembourg
Producer
STATEC, Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg
Universe
"The reference population comprises all the persons who currently resided within the national territory of Luxembourg in January 2018, except: the persons living in private households whose all members are covered by the Luxemburgish Social Security; the persons living in collective households or institutions (retirement homes, prisons etc.)" (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), LU, p. 6.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
From 2016 onwards, the EU-SILC sample is drawn from Luxembourg's National Population Register (RNPP - Registre National des Personnes Physiques).
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"The sample was stratified according to the 12 geographical regions (canton) of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, the canton of Luxembourg being further split into the city of Luxembourg and the rest. Thus, 13 stratum groups were defined." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), LU, p. 2.)
Sampling Method
"The sample is allocated among the strata proportionnaly to their size in number of individuals aged 18+." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), LU, p. 2.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
01-2018
End Date
11-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
29.8 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), LU, Annex 3.
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LT - Lithuania
Producer
Statistics Lithuania
Universe
"The target population of EU-SILC is all persons living in private households within the national territory of Lithuania at the time of data collection. Collective households and institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), LT, p. 6.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Residents’ Register [which] is updated regularly.
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"While selecting the new rotational group of the sample the country were grouped into 25 strata: 5 largest cities, other cities and rural area by county (a total of 10 counties). Simple random sample of non–institutional persons aged 16 and over was selected from the Population Register in each stratum. Household which lives in the selected person’s address was surveyed." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), LT, p. 2.)
Sampling Method
"Within each of 25 strata simple random sample was used to select the person’s address." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), LT, p. 2.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
01-2018
End Date
05-2018
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 13.8 % CAPI
- 57.1 % CATI
- 18.2 % PAPI
- 0.5 % Self-administered
- 10.4 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
33 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), LT, Annex 7.
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HR - Croatia
Producer
Croatian Bureau of Statistics
Universe
"The reference population of EU-SILC is all private households and their current members residing in the territory of Croatia at the time of data collection.
Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2020). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), HR, p.12.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
2011 Census data
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
"The sampling frame of segments for the first stage is divided into 8 strata. 6 strata are defined by 3 groups of counties (NUTS-3) and the types of municipality. The type of municipality can be city or municipality. Separate 2 strata are Grad Zagreb county and city of Rijeka and city of Split together.
In Croatia there are two statistical regions (NUTS-2):
1. Continental Croatia
2. Adriatic Croatia.
5 strata belong to Continental Croatia region and 3 strata belong to Adriatic Croatia region.
Beside explicit stratification, implicit stratification according to counties (NUTS-3) and municipalities was applied. It means that the list of segments within strata was sorted according to counties and municipalities before selection." (Eurostat (2020). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), HR, p.3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
01-03-2018
End Date
10-06-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
41.3 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS), HR, Annex Weighting.
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RO - Romania
Producer
National Institute of Statistics
Universe
"The reference population is all private households and their current members residing in the territory of the Romania at the time of data collection. Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), RO, p.17.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Starting with 2015, the household surveys carried out by NSI-Romania are based on the use of Multifunctional Sample of Territorial Areas, so called the master sample new EMZOT. It is a database including approximately 1.500.000 dwellings, selected according to probabilistic criteria, serving as sampling frame for all household surveys, in 2015-2024.
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
"Stratification concerns only the first stage sampling. There are 88 strata, the criteria used being the area where a certain PSU is located (urban or rural area) and county (NUTS 3 level)." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), RO, p.2.)
Sampling Method
"The PSUs were sampled with probability proportional to the size (number of permanent dwellings). The new EMZOT sample has 450 PSUs selected from urban area and 342 PSUs selected from rural area. In the second stage, a fix number of dwellings are systematically selected from each PSU of EMZOT." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), RO, p. 2.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
06-05-2018
End Date
24-05-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
11.4 %
Design Weight: Target
Household
Design Weight: Method
Inverse of Selection Probability
Non-response Weight: Method
"The non-response are not globally adjusted, at the entire sample level, but separately-at wave level, on groups of households, groups generated by the variables considered as explicative of the non response. This correspond to the so-called 'response-homogenous groups’ method, which assumes that in a certain group all the units have the same probability. For wave 1 we used as explicative variables for non-response region (NUTS II level) and area of residence (urban / rural) and for the second, third and fourth wave - the region." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), RO, p.8.)
Coverage Adjustment Weight: Method
"We applied an integrative calibration that means that we used both households and personal variables in the procedure. The calibration is performed at the household level using the household variables and individual variables in their aggregate form as calibration variables. This technique ensures that all members in the same household receive the same weight. Adjustments were made using the SAS macro CALMAR. Calibration variables were: “distribution of the population by age group (0-15; 16-24; 25-34; 3544; 45-54; 55-64; 65 and over) and gender” using Romanian Residential Population Estimates at the end of the income reference period and “households totals” by region." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), RO, p.8.)
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NO - Norway
Producer
Statistics Norway
Universe
"Persons aged 16 years or more at December 31 N-1 who are living outside an institution." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), NO.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
central population register called BEREG [which] is daily updated with information from local population register offices
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"In 2007, the representativity based on one-year age groups was abandoned, and the new rotational groups are drawn as the proportion p of the population 16 years and over. In addition, each existing rotational group is then supplemented with new 16 year olds and new immigrants to ensure representativity. The same system has been used in 2018. The sample is drawn from the population register, and this register is arranged to ensure geographical representativity. This is done by municipality and postal codes." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), NO.)
Sampling Method
"The sample in 2018 is now according to the rules for simple random sampling in one stage. There is still a systematic element, that stems from the arrangement of the population register. [...] the register is arranged by family number and personal code within the family before the actual selection of units." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), NO.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
03-01-2018
End Date
30-06-2018
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
0.0 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), NO, Annex 4 - Weighting Procedure.
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HU - Hungary
Producer
Hungarian Central Statistical Office
Universe
"private housholds living in the territory of Hungary" (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), HU, p. 2.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
list of occupied dwelling units in census 2011 dataset
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Localities
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"At stage 1 we have a stratified sample of localities with pps selection. At stage 2 (in the sampled localities) we have a stratified simple random sample of households.
Stratification and sub stratification criteria
At stage 1 the population of localities is stratified. Each of the larger localities is a stratum of its own. These are the self-representing localities, the number of which is 91. Smaller localities are stratified by NUTS3 regions and the size of locality. At stage 2 the households are stratified by the charachteristic of the head of household within each locality." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), HU, p. 2.)
Sampling Method
"At stage 1 localities were selected with pps without replacement. At stage 2 households within each strata were selected with srs without replacement." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), HU, p. 2.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
01-03-2018
End Date
13-05-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 94.8 % CAPI
- 5.2 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
11.3 %
Design Weight: Target
"Weighting classes were defined by NUTS2 regions, category of size of localities and household strata." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), HU, p. 4.)
Design Weight: Method
"By definition design weight is the reciprocal of the inclusion probability. However, thanks to the fact that three rotational groups still have a rather complex sample design and selection scheme, only an approximation of design weight was calculated. Weighting classes were defined by NUTS2 regions, category of size of localities and household strata. Within each weighting classes the 'design' weight is equal to the ratio of the overall number of households to the number of selected households." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), HU, p. 4.)
Non-response Weight: Method
"In the new rotational group nonresponse weights were introduced to reduce bias caused by unit nonresponse on household level. Nonresponse adjustment was a simple expansion applied by the same classes as design factors were calculated by." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), HU, p. 4.)
Coverage Adjustment Weight: Method
"The aim of this adjustment was to improve the accuracy of data using socio-economical information available from the constantly updated Census 2011 and other surveys. Iterative raking scale methods were applied.[...].
Calibration was carried out with a self made SAS program. Calibration was carried out in each rotational group. For the new rotational group the input weight for calibration is the one described previously. For the rest of rotational groups the input weight for calibration is previous year's final cross- sectional weight."
(Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), HU, pp. 4-5.)
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FR - France
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
24.9 %
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BG - Bulgaria
Producer
National Statistical Institute
Universe
"All citizens officially living at Bulgarian territory (population de facto). Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BG, p. 12.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"The sample is stratified by administrative-territorial districts in the country (NUTS3) and the household’s location. As a result 56 strata are formed (28 of urban and 28 of rural population). Municipalities and settlements are ranged according to the number of their population within each stratum." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BG, p. 3.)
Sampling Method
"The number of census enumeration units (PSU) is calculated for each strata included in the sample. The clusters on the first stage are chosen with probability proportion to population size (number of households) in the PSUs. Systematic sampling of secondary units (households) in each primary unit selected is applied. Each PSU contains 5 households." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BG, p. 3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Start Date
03-2018
End Date
05-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 80.2 % CAPI
- 19.8 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
19.9 %
Design Weight: Target
Household
Design Weight: Method
Inverse of Selection Probability; household design weight DB080
Non-response Weight: Method
"The weights of the responding households should be adjusted to reproduce all households in the country for 2017. The result for the non-respondents was equal to the base weights for the corresponding responding households and their members. To adjust for non-responding households the procedure “weighting classes” was used. The households were divided into classes where the probability to respond was assumed to be homogenous within the classes. Due to lack of information (demographic characteristics) for the non-responding households these classes were the sampling strata. The ratio of the weights of the responding households to the weights of all households in the given class was calculated. [...] To adjust for non-response first all persons from the 2017 register (DB135 = 1 & RB110 in (1,2,3,4)) who were followed up in 2018 were marked as responding (current members of the household). Persons who have left the household between the two survey waves (2017 and 2018) were marked as nonresponding. A logistic regression was used to calculate the probability for each individual to be enumerated between 2017 and 2018. The weights of the enumerated persons were adjusted with the probability of following up (result of logistic regression) and thus the base weights (RB060) for 2018 were get. The model was applied for each rotation group separately." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BG, p. 4.)
Coverage Adjustment Weight: Method
"After reflecting the non-responding households the base weights for the new rotation group were calibrated to the population as of 31.12.2017. For the calibration the following variables at individual and at household level were used: Individual level: Age*Gender: 6 groups (0-17, 18-64, 65+)*(male, female); Number of persons by district: 28 groups. Household level Number of households: 2 groups (town, village). [...] For the calibration of weights the SAS Macro Calmar 2 was used. The logit method (M=3 in Calmar) was used for the calibration by setting upper and lower limits of the g-weights. The G-weights were the ratio of the assigned weights and the final calibrated weights. The upper limit in 2018 was 2.5 and the lower – 0.1. [...] After the non-response adjustment procedures each of the 5 rotation groups was calibrated separately to the population as of 31.12.2017 according to the method described above." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BG, p. 4.)
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BE - Belgium
Producer
Statistics Belgium
Universe
"The reference population is all citizens living officially living at Belgian territory (population de jure). Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BE, p. 13.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
entral Population Register of 1 February, [which] is updated two times during a month [and] includes all private households and their current members residing in the territory.
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Municipality
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"The main stratification criterion is the NUTS2 level. The 11 sampling strata are the 10 Belgian provinces (5 in Flanders – coded BE21-BE25 – and 5 in Wallonia – coded BE31 to BE35) and the Brussels Capital Region (BE10). Further implicit stratification is obtained by sorting PSUs (sub-municipalities) on mean income and sorting SSUs (households) in selected PSUs on age of reference person." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BE, p. 3.)
Sampling Method
"In each stratum, the PSUs in the frame are first descendingly sorted by average income; next, a fixed number of times a PSU is drawn according to a systematic PPS (probability proportional to size) selection scheme, where size is measured as the number of private households. This systematic sampling method generally causes some PSUs being selected repeatedly (e.g. Schaerbeek, a rather large municipality in stratum BE10, turns out to be drawn 6 times). In total, i.e. in all 11 sampling strata together, 275 PSU draws were made in 2004, once and for all (i.e. for the whole duration of EUSILC). According to each single PSU draw, a group (generally of fixed size) of households is selected in this [second] stage; notice that a group of households corresponds to each PSU draw." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BE, p. 3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
9.4 %
Design Weight: Target
Household
Design Weight: Method
"P (x drawn) = P(x drawn|X drawn) . P(X drawn) = mh/MX . NX/Nh . gh, where mh is the number of households to be drawn in the (selected) PSU (depending on h). Stratum h: x denoting any households in municipality X. MX is the number of households in the PSU (in 2018). The factor NX/MX indicates the increase-decrease in inclusion probabilities in PSU X (still assuming X has been drawn) between 2018 and 2004." (AROPE)." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BE, p. 5.)
Non-response Weight: Method
"[...] we replaced the homogeneous response groups (based on household size crossed with urbanity) ratio by a multiple regression model (based on the same dummy variables). By “responding”, we mean only those households whose results were accepted (DB135=1). Since 2009 we used logistic regression. The file was split by NUTS1 and the following variables were used - Everywhere: Household size, recoded into the four values “one”, “two”, “three” and “four or more” (so three dummies) - Out of Brussels: DB100 = urbanity - In Brussels = BE10: median fiscal income of municipality. The regression produced a new variable “expresp”, allowing us to define -NRwei = INIwei/expresp" (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BE, p. 5.)
Coverage Adjustment Weight: Method
"We elected to perform this correction at the level of individuals, since a 2017 sample person either stays in the panel or leaves it (rotated out, left population, noncontact, refusal or inability to respond, while the structure of a household can change. Note that all household characteristics (e.g. HH021) can be distributed to the members. We separated the “Children” (for which only basic personal information from the R-file and the distributed H-file is available) from the “Adults” (present in the 2017 P-file as well), i.e. those persons born in 2000 or before. In the children’s model, the following predictors (all, except the last, from the 2017 file – although this does not matter much for group A) were used, grouped by type : - individual demographic information: age from RB080, sex = RB090, - housing information: dwelling type = HH010 and tenure = HH020 - household type: a limited number of dummies, as there is at least one dependent child; - monetary indicators: we refrained from taking the equivalised income (outliers), but took a transform of it, as well as the dummy “poor or not” and the subjective ability to make ends meet = HS120 - sampling and rotation: number of years in panel (from DB075) and urbanisation (=DB100) - one variable (paradata) related to fieldwork in 2017 (computed from HB040 and HB050) For the adults, the same predictors were used, and moreover: - variables from the P-file (related to education level and health); - country of birth (dummy Belgium Yes/No) were integrated. We used logistic regression." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), BE, p. 5.)
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DE - Germany
Producer
Statistisches Bundesamt
Universe
"All private households and their current members at their main residence in Germany" (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), DE, p. 10.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Access panel (DSP) containing former participants of the microcensus
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"Stratification and sub stratification criteria: Land (federal state), Household type, Social status of the main income earner, Household net income, Farm household (separate stratum for each federal state)." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), DE, pp. 2-3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
04-2018
End Date
07-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % Self-administered
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
14.6 %
Design Weight: Target
Household
Design Weight: Method
"The design factor is calculated as a combination of the following items: probability to be in the 4th rotational quarter of the microcensus; participation probability to take part in the DSP (estimated by logistic regression); probability to remain in the DSP (product of the yearly probability to remain in the DSP that is estimated by logistic regression); selection probability for EU-SILC. " (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), DE, pp. 5-6.)
Non-response Weight: Method
"The basis for the sampling of the random sub samples is the access panel DSP." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), DE, p. 5.)
Coverage Adjustment Weight: Method
"The marginal distiribution of the micro census was used for the adaptation process. For the household weight (DB090) (and as such automatically for the individual weight of the total population: RB050) we used the marginal distribution of the following characteristics: monthly household net income, household type, household size, age, sex. For the personal weight PB040 (population ’16 years or over’) we used the marginal distribution of the following characteristics: age, sex, family status, social status, education level (low/medium, high), household type, nationality. For the weight RL070 (children) we used the marginal distribution of the following characteristics: age, sex." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), DE, pp. 5-6.)
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DK - Denmark
Producer
Statistics Denmark
Universe
"People residing in private households residing in Denmark at the time of the interview." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS), DK, p. 8.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Central Personal register (CPR)
Sampling Design
Probability
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Addresses
Secondary Sampling Units
Individuals
Stratification Criteria
"The sample has been stratified at the NUTS2-level." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS), DK, p. 2.)
Sampling Method
"From 2016 the Danish sample is a two-stage sample. First the adresses are selected, secondly a person above the age of 13 living registered at the adress is selected to be the selected respondent. [...]
The selected respondent is in most cases the respondent of the household questionnaire. The only exception is the case, where the selected person is under 25 years old and has parents living at the address. In this case, one of the parents has been selected to represent the household and the selected person (the household respondent)." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS), DK, p. 2.)
Start Date
03-2018
End Date
05-2018
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 24 % CATI
- 76 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
3.7 %
Design Weight: Method
"Adjustments are based on a calibration using external data on the household level. All external data are based on variables in administrative registers. Exactly the same variables are found in the sampled households.
The following external variables have been used:
- Equivalised disposable income
- NUTS2-Regions
- The size of the household
- Educational level of the person with the highest professional status in the household
- Socio-economic status of main income holder in the household" (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), DK, p. 3.)
Coverage Adjustment Weight: Method
"In addition to correcting for bias due to non-response on the household level, the SILC cross-sectional weights should reproduce certain demographic and poverty distributions on the personal level. Therefore some data on the personal level have been integrated in the calibration, that is:
- Risk of poverty
- Age (5 classes 0-15, 16-24, 25-49, 50-64, 65+) and sex.
- Family type
- Income mass (within 7 intervals)
- income groups (above median; 60 pct. of median to median ; under 60 per cen of median)." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), DK, p. 3.)
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FI - Finland
Producer
Statistics Finland
Universe
"Members of the private households permanently resident (the census definition) in Finland on 31 December 2017. For migrants in particular, permanent residency means that the persons have resided or intend to reside for at least 12 months and they have not a permanent recidence abroad. Persons living in institutions, in collective households or in residential homes have been excluded." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), FI, p. 12.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
The Population Information System maintained by the Population Register Centre of Finland
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
"Strata contain socio-economic groups grouped by income class (12 strata in the new sample since sy2015, the earlier stratum 13 "no tax information" was combined with the stratum 11 "others, lower income class"). The register tax information on income type and amount for all members of the selected sample person's household-dwelling unit available at the time of sample selection (updated by the final population register data later) is used for creating strata for those who belong to target population (excl. overcoverage). The stratification normally takes the highest earning person as a categorising person for a stratum. As an exception to the rule is an entrepreneur who does not have to be the highest earning one for entrepreneurs strata. The income class division allocates the sample more to high-earners." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), FI, p. 2.)
Sampling Method
"In the first phase, a master sample of persons (50,000) is selected with systematic sampling from the population register data. In the second phase, a sample of persons (5,000) in the household-dwelling units is selected from the stratified master sample with simple random sampling without replacement within every stratum and using non-proportional allocation. The new sample's selection scheme is consistent between all rotational groups." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), FI, p. 2.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
01-2018
End Date
05-2018
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 2 % CAPI
- 98 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
10.6 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS), FI, Annex 8.
-
IE - Ireland
Producer
Central Statistics Office
Universe
"The reference population is all private households in Ireland and is comparable with the EU-SILC definition." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), IE, p.7.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
register of all private households occupied on the night of the 2016 Census of Population for wave 1 and the 2011 Census of Population for waves 2-4
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Individuals
Stratification Criteria
"The sampling design uses probability proportional to size, stratified by deprivation index and NUTS2 for block selection." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), IE, p.3.)
Sampling Method
"The households are then selected using simple random sampling without replacement from within each block." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), IE, p.3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
01-2018
End Date
12-2018
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
-
AT - Austria
Producer
Statistics Austria
Universe
"The reference population of EU-SILC are all private households and their current members residing in the territory of Austria at the time of data collection. Persons living in collective households and in institutions are generally excluded from the target population. There is no difference to the standard EU-SILC concept." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), AT, p. 7.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Central registration register ZMR (Zentrales Melderegister), a constantly updated population register based on the registration of the main residence.
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"The first wave sample of EU-SILC 2018 is a one-stage stratified probability sample. The sample of the first wave was stratified according to 18 strata that where comprised of the 9 Austrian provinces (NUTS 2 units) subdivided into 2 groups that were defined by an estimation of the main indicator "at risk of poverty or social exclusion" (AROPE)." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), AT, p. 2.)
Sampling Method
"The first wave sampling process was carried out according to a stratified one-stage probabilty sample with systematic sample selection without replacement and disproportional allociation. [...] The number of selected households was determined as approximately 0.1% of all eligible addresses. The starting point in the development of the first wave sample was a proportional allocation by province. [...] For provinces with comparatively low response rates an oversample was applied and for provinces with comparatively high response rates an undersample was carried out. So the resulting sample selection scheme facilitated a disproportional allocation in order to compensate for different response rates in different provinces." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), AT, p. 2.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
02-2018
End Date
07-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 60.1 % CAPI
- 39.9 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
7.4 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), AT. Annex 5 - Cross-sectional and longitudinal weighting procedure of EU-SILC 2018.
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CZ - Czech Republic
Producer
Czech Statistical Office
Universe
"The Reference population, Private household definition [and] Household membership [are] fully comparable [with the EU-SILC target population]." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CZ, p.13 .)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Register of Census Enumeration Districts (small geographical areas covering the whole territory of the country)
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
"The sampling of CEUs is stratified by region (NUTS4) and municipality size." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CZ, p. 4.)
Sampling Method
"In the first stage, CEUs were sampled with probability proportional to size (number of dwellings). Simple random sampling without replacement is used for sampling of constant number of 10 dwellings in each sampled CEU." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CZ, p. 4.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
03-02-2018
End Date
27-05-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 54 % CAPI
- 46 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
33.4 %
Design Weight: Target
Dwellings
Design Weight: Method
"The sample was designed as a self-weighting sample within the region. Due to the exact numbers of CEUs, the design factor for all sampled dwellings is in the range of 0.94 to 1.09. The CEU are determined to keep the self-weighting principle as much as possible." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CZ, p. 6.)
Non-response Weight: Method
"[...] united calibration for all the waves was used as the method for correcting non-response. The achieved sample was re-weighted using the integrated calibration technique (producing the same weights on household and personal level). This technique ensures that the weighted sample structure corresponds to a set of known external population characteristics. The calculations were implemented using the CALMAR software in SAS and also CalIF in R, since 2018." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CZ, p. 7.)
Coverage Adjustment Weight: Method
"The following calibration variables were used:
Number of inhabited dwellings in each NUTS3 region, subdivided into family houses (detached and semi-detached houses) and flats, based on the 2001 Census and 2011 Census continuously updated from administrative sources of construction authorities
Population characteristics:
• Population totals in each NUTS3 region (from demographic statistics)
• Economic activity characteristics for the Czech Republic
• Number of employees - derived from the number of employees in the economy based on the Labour Force Survey (LFS) results and company
reporting
• Demographic characteristics at the national level (based on the demographic statistics):
• Age groups (0-15, 16-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75+)
• Gender at the national level
• Municipality size at the national level (below 2 000 inhabitants, 2 000 - 9 999, 10 000 - 49 999, 50 000+ inhabitants)" (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CZ, p. 7.)
-
CY - Cyprus
Producer
Statistical Service of Cyprus (CYSTAT)
Universe
"The reference population is defined as all the households and their members living in the government controlled areas of Cyprus. Population in collective households and institutions is excluded." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CY, p. 7.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
2011 Census of Population [...] with a supplementary list of newly constructed houses (build after 2011 up to September 2016) [...] provided by the Electricity Authority of Cyprus (E.A.C.)
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"9 strata allocated by district and type of the household (urban / rural): Lefkosia, Ammochostos, Larnaka, Lemesos, Pafos. For Ammochostos, there are no urban households." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CY, p. 3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
12-02-2018
End Date
30-06-2018
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 80 % CAPI
- 20 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
10.8 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CY. Annex 3 - Weighting procedure.
-
SE - Sweden
Producer
Statistic Sweden
Universe
"The refence population is the whole Swedish population except short term migrants. People who stay in Sweden for no longer than 3-12 months are not covered." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), SE, p.5.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
The Total Population Register (TPR) [which] receives daily updates on births, deaths, changes in marital status, and changes in citizenship, national migration, immigration and emigration from the Tax Authorities.
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"The sample is stratified by age in eight strata according to age: 16-23 years, 24-33 years, 34-43 years, 44-53 years, 54-63 years, 64-73 years, 74-83 years and 84 years and older." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), SE, p.2.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
01-2018
End Date
06-2018
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 0.1 % CAPI
- 99.9 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
1.5 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), SE, Annex 4 - Weighting Procedure.
-
SI - Slovenia
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 49.9 % CAPI
- 50.1 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
23.7 %
-
SK - Slovakia
-
IS - Iceland
-
UK - Great Britain
-
IT - Italy
Producer
Italian National Institute of Statistics - Socio-economic Statistics Directorate
Universe
All persons living in private households.
Source Of Sampling Frame
LAC (Liste Anagrafiche Comunali, i.e. the Italian acronym for lists of municipal registry) which represent the population at the end of the income reference period.
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Municipality
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"Stratification of primary sampling units by the number of inhabitants so that the total number of inhabitants in each stratum is approximately constant (this guarantees self-weighting design in each region). Municipalities which sizes are higher than a threshold are self-representing units i.e. are strata themselves and included with certainty in the sample of PSU. Secondary sampling units are not stratified." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), IT, p. 3.)
Sampling Method
"PSU are selected with probability proportional to their size (number of residents) by means of systematic sampling method by Madow (1949) inside each stratum. Households are selected with equal probability by systematic sampling in each selected municipality from municipality-registers. No substitution of unit non-response has been applied." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), IT, p. 3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
16-04-2018
End Date
21-10-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 53.2 % CAPI
- 46.8 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
26 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), IT, Annex 3 / Annex 11.
-
MT - Malta
Producer
National Statistics Office
Universe
"The reference population is composed of all private households and their current members residing in Malta at the time of data collection. Persons living in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), MT, p. 9.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
database based on the 2011 Census of Population & Housing that is held and maintained by NSO through annual updates
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- not stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
05-2018
End Date
10-2018
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), MT, Annex 7.
-
PL - Poland
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 82.7 % CAPI
- 17.3 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
27.5 %
-
PT - Portugal
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
36.4 %
-
RS - Serbia
Producer
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia
Universe
"The reference population of EU-SILC is all private households and their current members residing in the territory of the Republic of Serbia (RS) (excluding the territory of Kosovo i Metohija) at the time of data collection. Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target Population." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), RS, p.6.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"Stratification was done according to the type of settlement (urban and other) in four Regions (Belgrade, Vojvodina, Sumadija and Western Serbia and Southern and Eastern Serbia)." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), RS, p.2.)
Sampling Method
"Primary sampling units (enumeration districts), were selected systematically with probability proportional to size within each stratum. Size measure for each ED was number of households, according to the Census 2011. Second stage units, households were selected randomly with equal probabilities." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), RS, p.2.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
05-2018
End Date
07-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
10.1 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), RS, Annex 5 - Weighting Procedure.
-
CH - Switzerland
Producer
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA; Federal Statistics Office FSO
Universe
"The reference population is people living in private households (i.e. not in institutions) where at least one of the residents lives permanently." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CH, p. 8.
Source Of Sampling Frame
SRPH survey frame
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Individuals
Stratification Criteria
"Stratification and sub stratification criteria: The seven major geographical regions (level NUTS2)" (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), CH, p. 3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
03-2018
End Date
09-2018
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 0.1 % CAPI
- 99.9 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
5.7 %
-
ES - Spain
Producer
National Statistics Institute (INE-Spain)
Universe
"The target population was members of private households residing at main family addresses, and the households themselves. (No differences between national and EU-SILC concept)." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), ES, p. 8.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
List of census sections used in the Municipal Register (population register) [from] the Register dated 01.01.2017.
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Addresses
Stratification Criteria
"In each Autonomous Community [self-ruling region], first-stage units were stratified by the size of the municipality to which the census section belonged." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), ES, p. 2.)
Sampling Method
"To achieve the survey objective of producing acceptably reliable estimates at both the national and at the Autonomous Community (regional) level, we selected, in wave 1 (survey 2004), a sample of 16,000 addresses spread over 2000 census sections. We distributed the sample across Autonomous Communities by allocating one part uniformly and another part in proportion to Autonomous Community size. The uniform part accounted for about 40% of sections. In the new sub-sample, census sections were selected in each stratum by a probability in proportion to size (family dwellings). In each section, addresses were selected with equal probability by systematic sampling initiated at random. This procedure produces self-weighted samples in each stratum." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), ES, p. 3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
09-2018
End Date
03-2019
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 82.6 % CAPI
- 17.4 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
11.4 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), ES. Annex 5 - Weighting Procedure.
-
NL - Netherlands
Type Of Data Source
Register,Survey
Interview Mode
- 37.5 % CATI
- 62.5 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
0.1 %
-
EE - Estonia
Producer
Statistics Estonia
Universe
"Households whose usual place of residence is in Estonia, and the members of these households, excluding persons living in institutions (children’s homes, care homes, monasteries, convents, prison etc.) [...] Persons living in collective households are included in the reference population." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), EE, pp. 2 / 6.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
Statistical Population Register of Estonia
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"Geographical stratification was used. The counties (and capital Tallinn) were grouped into three strata by the population size." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), EE, p. 2.)
Sampling Method
"Systematic sampling of address-persons in each stratum. For households this procedure results in unequal probability sampling with inclusion probabilities proportional to household size (number of persons aged 14+ in it)." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), EE, p. 2.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
01-02-2018
End Date
01-06-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 71.7 % CAPI
- 26 % CATI
- 2.3 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
18.2 %
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), EE. Annex 1 - Weighting.
-
EL - Greece
Producer
Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT)
Universe
"The EU-SILC target population in each country consists of all persons living in private households. Persons living in collective households and in institutions are generally excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), EL, p. 3.)
Source Of Sampling Frame
2011 Population Census
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"There are two levels of area stratification in the sampling design. The first level is the geographical stratification based on the partition of the total country area into thirteen (13) Regions corresponding to the European NUTS2 level. The two former major city agglomerations of Greater Athens and Greater Thessalonica constitute separate major geographical strata. The second level of stratification entails grouping Municipal/Local communes within Region by degree of urbanization, i.e., according to their population size. The scaling of urbanization was finally designed in four groups. The number of the final strata in the thirteen (13) Regions is 50. The former Greater Athens Area was divided into 31 strata on the basis of the lists of city blocks of the Municipalities that constitute it and taking into consideration socio-economic criteria. Similarly, the former Greater Thessaloniki Area was divided into 9 strata. The two Major former City Agglomerations account for about 39,1% of total population and for even larger percentages in certain socio-economic variables. Thus, the total number of final strata of the survey is 90." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), EL, p. 3.)
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Start Date
05-2018
End Date
11-2018
Type Of Data Source
Survey
Interview Mode
- 8.8 % CATI
- 91.2 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
5.8 %
Design Weight: Target
Household
Design Weight: Method
Inverse of Selection Probability
Non-response Weight: Method
"Within each design stratum, the non-response adjustment of the responding households is carried out by the inverse of the response rate, so as to “make up” for non-responding cases in that stratum." (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), EL, p. 7.)
Coverage Adjustment Weight: Method
"Adjustment to external data involves the calibration of the household and personal weights in conjunction with external sources (Projections for population and household totals for the year 2016). This method enables the distribution of auxiliary variables, at household and individual level, to coincide with the corresponding population distribution of external data. The auxiliary variables used at household level are the household size, the tenure status and the Region (NUTS 2). Also, at personal level the auxiliary variables used are age groups (five years age groups) and gender. " (Eurostat (2018). National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRSSI), EL, p. 7.)