Study: EU-SILC 2023
Titles
Title
European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2023
Abstract
For 2023, EU-SILC includes the list of variables collected on an annual basis, a three-year rolling module on labour market and housing, a six-year rolling module on intergenerational transmission of disadvantages and housing difficulties, and an ad hoc policy needs module on Households energy efficiency.
Coverage
Geographical Coverage
The EU-SILC project was launched in 2003 on the basis of a ‘gentlemen's agreement’ in six EU Member States (Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Luxembourg and Austria) and Norway. The EU-SILC instrument started in 2004 for the EU-15 (except Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) plus Estonia, Norway and Iceland.
Bulgaria and Türkiye started fully implementing the EU-SILC instrument in 2006, while Romania and Switzerland began to implement it in 2007.
North Macedonia and Croatia started in 2010, Montenegro and Serbia in 2013, Albania in 2017, Kosovo in 2018 and Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2022.
The United Kingdom has left the EU on 31 January 2020. In absence of agreement on the transmition of statistical information the country has ceased to transmit data for EU-SILC. The latest data available for the
United Kingdom is EU-SILC 2018.
(Eurostat (2024): Methodological Guidelines and Description of EU-SILC Target Variables. 2023 operation (Version 5), p. 16)
Time Period Covered
Reference period for core variables: current, constant, at selection, income reference period, usual week, last 4 weeks, last 12 months, since last year, working life, childcare reference period.
DOIs
Resources
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Country Specific Information: EU-SILC 2023
LV - Latvia
National Reference
Producer
Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia
Universe
"Persons living in private households within national territory were the reference population of the EU-SILC survey." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, LV, Version 1.0, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Social statistics database register (SSDN)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
"A stratified two-stage sampling was used for the EU-SILC survey in Latvia. A systematic sampling with inclusion probabilities proportional to the unit size was carried out at the first stage and a simple random sampling was carried out at the second stage." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, LV, Version 1.0, p. 11)
Sampling Method
"The stratification was made depending on the type of municipality (Riga, cities, towns, rural areas). The Classification of Administrative Territories and Territorial Units (CATTU) of Latvia was used for stratification." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, LV, Version 1.0, p. 11)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
31-01-2023
End Date
17-07-2023
Interview Mode
- 6.6 % CAPI
- 80.3 % CATI
- 6.4 % PAPI
- 6.7 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
30 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, LV, Version 1.0, Annex 5 - Weighting procedure.
LU - Luxembourg
National Reference
Producer
Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg (STATEC)
Universe
"The reference population comprises all the persons who currently resided within the national territory of Luxembourg in July 2023, except: - the persons living in collective households or institutions (retirement homes, prisons etc.)" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), LU, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Luxembourg's National Population Register (RNPP)
Sampling Design
Probability
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"The new SILC subsample used to be stratified according to the 12 geographical regions (canton) of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, the canton of Luxembourg being further split into the city of Luxembourg and the rest. Thus, 13 stratum groups were defined. The sample was allocated among the strata proportionnaly to their size in number of individuals aged 18+." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), LU, Version 1.0, p. 11)
Sampling Method
"All face-to-face surveys were stopped during the COVID lockdown period in 2020 in order to reduce social interactions between households and interviewers. That is why STATEC decided to conduct the SILC 2020 survey through solely CATI interviewing. STATEC also decided not to select any new subsample in 2020 and to recontact all the addresses that had participated in the 2019 survey. The main reason for that is that the telephone numbers were available for nearly all the 2019 households, while a significant share of new addresses which would have been drawn in 2020, would not have had any telephone number to be used for contact purposes.
In order to restart the EU-SILC rotating scheme, it was decided to renew 50% of the 2020 sample in 2021. Therefore, the LU-SILC 2023's database is composed of:
1 071 addresses who participated in the survey for the first time in 2021;
1 103 addresses who participated in the survey for the first time in 2022;
11 494 new addresses were added in 2023, of which 2 318 responded to the survey." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), LU, Version 1.0, pp. 10)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
09-2023
End Date
12-2023
Interview Mode
- 12.9 % CAPI
- 10.6 % CATI
- 76.5 % Websurvey
Weighting
Weighting: Method
see Eurostat (2023). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), LU. Annex 5 - Weighting procedure of EU-SILC 2022.
LT - Lithuania
National Reference
Producer
State Data Agency Statistics Lithuania
Universe
"The target population is private households and all persons composing these households having their usual residence in Lithuania. Private household means a person living alone or a group of persons who live together, providing oneself or themselves with the essentials of living." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, LT, Version 1.0, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"While selecting the new rotational group of the sample the country were grouped into 25 strata: 5 largest cities, other cities and rural area by county (a total of 10 counties). Simple random sample of non–institutional persons aged 16 and over was selected from the Population Register in each stratum. Household which lives in the selected person’s address was surveyed. Within each of 25 strata simple random sample was used to select the person’s address." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, LT, Version 1.0, p. 9)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
January to April
Interview Mode
- 7 % CAPI
- 78.9 % CATI
- 0.1 % PAPI
- 13.9 % Websurvey
- 0.1 % Mixed Mode Collection
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
26.54 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, LT, Version 1.0, Annex 5.
HR - Croatia
National Reference
Producer
Croatian Bureau of Statistics
Universe
"The reference population of EU-SILC is all private households and their current members residing in the territory of Croatia at the time of data collection.
Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HR, Version 1.0, p. 3)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
2021 Census data
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
"The sampling frame of segments for the first stage is divided into 8 strata. 6 strata are defined by 3 groups of counties (NUTS-3) and the types of municipality. The type of municipality can be city or municipality. Separate 2 strata are Grad Zagreb county and city of Rijeka and city of Split together. In Croatia there are four statistical regions, according to The National Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics 2021 (HR_NUTS 2021. - NUTS-2): 1. Pannonian Croatia 2. Adriatic Croatia 3. City of Zagreb 4. North Croatia" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HR, Version 1.0, p. 12)
Sampling Method
"The sample design for EU-SILC 2023 was two-stage stratified design. In each stratum primary sampling units (PSUs) were systematically selected with probability proportional to size, and in the second stage 7 addresses (occupied dwellings) were randomly selected in each PSU. The sample was divided into 4 subsamples (rotational groups), each by itself representative of the whole population and similar in structure to the whole sample." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HR, Version 1.0, p. 12)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
21-03-2023
End Date
06-07-2023
Interview Mode
- 49.1 % CAPI
- 50.1 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
39.56 %
Weighting
Non-response Weight: Method
"The design weight of responded households is modified by a factor inversely proportional to the weighted response rate within a group of counties ("homogeneous group"). The weighted household response rate was computed for each group (see annex)." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HR, Version 1.0, pp. 14)
Final Weighting: Method
"The cross-sectional weight for the household (DB090) is equal to the calibrated weight. Individual weights (RB050) are equal to the corresponding household weights. [...] The sum of individual weights is equal to the number of persons in private households in Croatia according to Population estimates of Republic of Croatia 2021." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HR, Version 1.0, pp. 14)
RO - Romania
National Reference
Producer
National Institute of Statistics
Universe
"The reference population is the population residing in private households. Thus, the survey covered persons with usual residence in Romania, for a period of at least 12 months, members of the households from the selected dwellings." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, RO, Version 1.0, p. 3)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Multifunctional Sample of Territorial Areas “EMZOT”
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
"Stratification concerns only the first stage sampling. There are 88 strata, the criteria used being the area where a certain PSU is located (urban or rural area) and county (NUTS 3 level)." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, RO, Version 1.0, p. 14)
Sampling Method
"The sampling plan is a two-stage probability sampling of housing units (dwellings)." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, RO, Version 1.0, p. 14)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024): National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, RO, Version 1.0, Annex 5 - Weighting procedure.
NO - Norway
National Reference
Sampling Procedure
Panel Design
Data Collection
Interview Mode
- 100 % CATI
Weighting
References
HU - Hungary
National Reference
Producer
Hungarian Central Statistical Office
Universe
"The target population is private households and all persons composing these households having their usual residence in Hungary. A private household means a person living alone or a group of persons who live together, providing oneself or themselves with the essentials of living." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HU, Version 1.2, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Register of Dwellings
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Localities
Secondary Sampling Units
Addresses
Stratification Criteria
"At stage 1 the population of localities are stratified. Each of the larger localities is a stratum of its own. [...] At stage 2 the adresses are stratified by the estimated value of dwelling." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HU, Version 1.2, p. 14)
Sampling Method
"At stage 1 localities were selected with pps without replacement. At stage 2 addresses within each strata were selected with srs without replacement." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HU, Version 1.2, p. 14)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
3
Data Collection
Start Date
15-02-2023
End Date
30-04-2023
Interview Mode
- 49.2 % CAPI
- 50.8 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
31.3 %
Weighting
Design Weight: Method
"By definition design weight is the reciprocal of the inclusion probability. However, thanks to the fact that three rotational groups still have a rather complex sample design and selection scheme, only an approximation of design weight was calculated. Weighting classes were defined by NUTS2 regions, category of size of localities and household strata. Within each weighting classes the 'design' weight is equal to then ratio of the overall number of households to the number of selected households." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HU, Version 1.2, p. 17)
Non-response Weight: Method
"In the new rotational group non-response weights were introduced to reduce bias caused by unit non-response on household level. Non-response adjustment was a simple expansion applied by the same classes as design factors were calculated by." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HU, Version 1.2, p. 17)
Coverage Adjustment Weight: Method
"The aim of this adjustment was to improve the accuracy of data using socioeconomical information available from the constantly updated Census 2011 and other surveys. Iterative raking scale methods were applied. For the integrative calibration the following controls were used: - Population totals for sex * age * region groups defined by ages 0-14, 15-29, 30-59, 60 or more; - Population totals for sex * age * type of locality groups defined by ages 0-14, 15-29, 30-59, 60 or more; - Population totals for activity status * type of locality groups; - Population totals of the actives for education level * type of locality groups; - Total number of households for household* type of locality groups. Calibration was carried out with a self made SAS program. Calibration was carried out in each rotational group. For the new rotational group the input weight for calibration is the one described previously. For the rest of rotational groups the input weight for calibration is previous year's final cross- sectional weight." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, HU, Version 1.2, p. 17)
Weighting: Method
(null)
BG - Bulgaria
National Reference
Producer
National Statistical Institute
Universe
"The reference population of BG-SILC is all private households and their members residing in the territory of the country at the time of data collection.[...] Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), BG, Version 1.0, p. 3)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Population Census 2011
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"The sample is stratified by administrative-territorial districts in the country (NUTS3) and the household’s location. As a result 56 strata are formed (28 of urban and 28 of rural population). Municipalities and settlements are ranged according to the number of their population within each stratum." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), BG, Version 1.0, p. 14)
Sampling Method
"The number of census enumeration units (PSU) is calculated for each strata included in the sample. The clusters on the first stage are chosen with probability proportion to population size (number of households) in the PSUs. Systematic sampling of secondary units (households) in each primary unit selected is applied. Each PSU contains 5 households." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), BG, Version 1.0, p. 14)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Start Date
03-2023
End Date
06-2023
Interview Mode
- 100 % CAPI
Weighting
Weighting: Method
The weighting procedure consists of the following steps: First, calculation of design weights which represent the inverse of the inclusion probabilities of the sample units. According to the country specifics the sample is stratified to 56 strata by NUTS 3 (28 regions) and location (town/village). Second, adjustment for non-response. The procedure used is “weighting classes”. The classes are defined by the sampling design strata because of the limited information available for non-responding households. The final step is calibration of the non-response weights to population totals for the new rotation group (the result is base weights RB060). Calibration is done using the SAS Macro Calmar 2. The main source for calibration totals is the Information System “Demography”. Another source of information is the 2011 Population Census database and data on the split-off households from the SILC survey. The weighting procedure for the previous 5 rotation groups consists of the following steps: The base weights RB060 were adjusted for non-response at individual level. On the basis of a logistic regression the weights of the enumerated persons were adjusted with the probability of following up to obtain RB060 for 2023. This was applied for each rotation group separately. After that RB060 for each of the 5 rotation groups were calibrated separately to the population as of 31.12.2022 the same way as for the new rotation group. To combine all sub samples (the 6 rotation groups) all weights were multiplied with a scaling factor of 1/6 and the weights were calibrated to the population as of 31.12.2022 using variables at individual and at household level. Detailed information on the weighting procedures is included in Annex 5. (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), BG, Version 1.0, p.17)
FR - France
National Reference
Producer
Institut National des Statistiques et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE)
Universe
"The reference population for the survey is comprised of all ordinary households (excluding institutions) for which the primary residence is located in France. Since 2022, the survey also covers 4 overseas departments : Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana and Réunion." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, FR, Version 1.0, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
new Nautile sampling frame
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
"The first stage involves the drawing of the 541 Primary Units (PUs) selected as part of the Nautile Master Sample. The second stage involves the systematic drawing of dwellings, stratified by PU and sorted by standard of living. Standard of living is the household’s disposable income divided by the number of consumption units" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, FR, Version 1.0, p. 13)
Sampling Method
"The survey design is a two-stage regionally stratified survey." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, FR, Version 1.0, p. 13)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
30-01-2023
End Date
12-04-2023
Interview Mode
- 97.8 % CAPI
- 2.2 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
24 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024): National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, FR, Version 1.0, Annex 5 - Weighting procedure.
BE - Belgium
National Reference
Producer
Statistics Belgium
Universe
"The reference population is all citizens living at Belgian territory. This means that the source of the sample is the central population register. This register includes all private households and their current members residing officially in the territory. Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population. During fieldwork the household composition can be changed by the household, so we end up with the de facto household composition." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, BE, Version 1.1, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Central Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"The main stratification criterion is the NUTS2 level. The 11 sampling strata are the 10 Belgian provinces [...] and the Brussels Capital Region" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, BE, Version 1.1, p. 14)
Sampling Method
"The Belgian EU-SILC 2023 survey is based on a stratified 2-stage sampling scheme drawn in 2004, followed by rotation since 2005. Until SILC 2018 rotation allowed to replace roughly one fourth of the sample each year. With SILC 2019 a first step was made towards a 6-year panel instead of a 4-year panel. Normally the rotational group started in 2015 would have been dropped for SILC 2019. However, this group remained in the survey as the fifth wave. With SILC 2020 a full 6-year panel is in place. The rotational group started in 2015 participated then as the sixth wave. In SILC 2023 a group left and a new group was added. Hence, households (ignoring split-offs) participating in 2023 have been drawn for participation in 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 or 2023." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, BE, Version 1.1, pp. 13)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
February to July
Interview Mode
- 46.5 % CAPI
- 53.4 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
8.8 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, BE, Version 1.1, Annex 5.
DE - Germany
National Reference
Corresponding National Study
German Microcensus
Producer
Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)
Universe
"All persons living in "a private household at main residence". Those households include at least one person at the age of 16 or older and being registerd at the main place of residence at the sampled adress. […]
The sub-populations that are not covered by the data collection includes: those who moved out of the country’s territory; or those with no usual residence; or those living in institutions or who have moved to an institution compared to the previous year." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), DE, Version 1.1, p. 3)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
German Census of 2011
Sampling Design
Probability
- stratified
- one stage
Stratification Criteria
"a) Stratification variables referring to building size classes: The first stratum includes smaller buildings with 1 to 4 apartments. They are grouped into sample districts with a guideline value of 12 apartments, in the order of the house numbers within the street, if necessary also across streets. The second stratum includes medium-sized buildings with 5 to 10 apartments. These buildings each form their own selection districts. The third stratum includes buildings with 11 or more apartments. These are divided into sections with a guide size of 6 apartments. There are two more strata: Stratum N°4 includes the population in communal accommodation, which is divided into selected units with a reference size of 15 people. Another stratum N°5 serves for updating the basic selection. This annual update of the selection takes place via the reports on the construction activity statistics (socalled building permits). The new buildings registered there are divided into the three initial size classes mentioned. b) Regional stratification variables: There are 243 regional strata (districts or groups of districts), which as a rule should have at least 200.000 inhabitants. The technique of selection, i.e. the sorting, zone formation and selection per zone ensures a stratification-like effect for these regions." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), DE, Version 1.1, p.15)
Sampling Method
"The German EU-SILC sample corresponds to a one stage cluster sample consisting of four rotation groups with one quarter leaving the sample every year and another one joining. Sample frame is the German Census of 2011. The addresses were stratified by a combination of technical (building size classes) and regional (districts/counties or summaries of districts) information [...]. Based on the stratification, addresses were clustered into artificially delimited areas (selection areas; in German called "Auswahlbezirke") that consist of around 9 dwellings or respectively 15 persons. Based on the specifications of the census, like clustering, the selected units were sampled and all sampling information, including rotation group allocation, was determined. Due to legislation only 20% of the sampling frame was stored. Based on the determined sampling variables, the sample districts were assigned to Microcensus and SILC- subsample. These variables are assigned as random numbers by permutation and are used to delimit the annual sample of the Microcensus, the rotation groups as well as the disjoint subsamples like SILC." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), DE, Version 1.1, p.15)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
February to August
Interview Mode
- 1.9 % CAPI
- 18.2 % CATI
- 57 % Websurvey
- 22.9 % Mixed Mode Collection
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
20.2 %
Weighting
Non-response Weight: Method
"The net sample was calibrated to the estimated gross sample and the inverse of received weights correspond to the non-response probability" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), DE, Version 1.1, p. 20)
Weighting: Method
(null)
DK - Denmark
National Reference
Producer
Statistics Denmark
Universe
"Persons with their legal address within Denmark" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, Version 1.1, DK, p. 3)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Central Personal register (CPR)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"The population is stratified by income and NUTS-2 regions" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, DK, Version 1.1, p. 14)
Sampling Method
"From 2016, the Danish sample design has been a stratified one-stage clustered sample; the clusters being individual SILC-families. From each cluster an individual is randomly selected: the contact person. Denmark uses the Selected Respondent model, where this individual answers the relevant questions for all household members. A sample size (number of clusters) for the new panel is determined at the beginning of the sampling process. The sample size is then allocated to the strata, with respect to both the AROPE standard error and the number of households in the strata compared to the number of sampled households in each strata." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, DK, Version 1.1, p. 14)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
February to May
Interview Mode
- 16.9 % CATI
- 83.1 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
1.5 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"Weights were constructed by means of the generalized regression estimator. This estimator respects know population totals while adjusting the initial design weights as little as possible. Our implementation of this method relies on auxiliary information from Statistics Denmark’s registers taking into account different sampling probabilities and differential non-response." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, DK, Version 1.1, p. 16)
FI - Finland
National Reference
Producer
Statistics Finland
Universe
"Private households and all the persons composing the private household and who are permanently (=usually) resident in Finland. Persons permanently institutionalised, living in collective households, or in residential homes are not included in the concept.
Those persons who according to the Population Information System had a legal domicile inFinland on 31 December belong to the permanent resident population (Municipality of Residence Act 201/1994). Persons are domiciled if their stay is intended to last or has lasted at least one year." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), FI, Version 1.0, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
The Population Information System of Digital and the Population Data Services Agency (DVV)
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Sampling Method
"The sampling design is stratified sampling. The random sample of persons (5,500) including their household-dwelling units is drawn with non-proportional quota from the strata formed in the overall frame. The frame covers the target population almost without errors (see Concept 8.1.3). Until the survey year 2021, the draw was two-phased and the person sample (5,500 or 5,000) was drawn from a so-called master sample. The master sample, which consisted of 50,000 persons (exceptionally 100,000 in 2017, 2020 and 2021), was drawn in the first phase of sampling by systematic sampling from the overall frame. The strata used are 12 socio-economic groups. Socio-economic groups are formed based on taxable income usually according to the household's (household-dwelling unit) highest earning income type and income level (for example, entrepreneurs are an exception). The taxation data refers to the previous calendar year of the income reference year. In 2020, a draw of an additional sample of 500 persons was included in the first survey round of the sample. Since 2020, the sample size of the first survey round has been 5,500 persons and their household-dwelling units. As a result of the panel design, an additional sample of 16-year-olds is selected for the second to fourth survey rounds following the sampling of the main sample." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), FI, Version 1.0, p. 14)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
02-01-2023
End Date
03-05-2023
Interview Mode
- 0.4 % CAPI
- 61.3 % CATI
- 38.3 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
11.3 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), FI, Version 1.0, Annex 5- Weighting procedure
IE - Ireland
National Reference
Sampling Procedure
Panel Design
Data Collection
Interview Mode
- 99.2 % CAPI
- 0.8 % CATI
Weighting
References
AT - Austria
National Reference
Producer
Statistics Austria
Universe
"The reference population of EU-SILC is all private households and their current members residing in the territory of Austria at the time of data collection. Persons living in collective households and in institutions are generally excluded from the target population.
There is no difference to the standard EU-SILC concept. [...]
The sub-populations that are not covered by the data collection include:
1. those who have moved out of Austra's territory; or
2. those who have no usual place of residence; or
3. those living in institutions; or
4. those who have moved into an institution compared to the previous year." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), AT, Version 1.3, pp. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
central residence register (Zentrales Melderegister)
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"The first wave sample of EU-SILC 2023 is a one-stage stratified probability sample." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, AT, Version 1.3, p. 20)
Sampling Method
"The sample of the first wave was stratified according to 18 strata that where comprised of the 9 Austrian provinces (NUTS 2 units) subdivided into 2 groups that were defined by an estimation of the main indicator "at risk of poverty or social exclusion" (AROPE). To accomplish this, a machine learning model (random forest) for estimating AROPE for the entire rich frame was applied and thus made it possible to use this estimated dichotomous variable as a sub-stratification criterion. The aim of the sub-stratification with characteristics that are highly correlated with the main income-based indicators of EU-SILC was to achieve a more efficient sample and a smaller standard error for the AROPE indicator." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, AT, Version 1.3, pp. 20)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
01-03-2023
End Date
31-08-2023
Interview Mode
- 51.1 % CAPI
- 20 % CATI
- 28.9 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
11.3 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), AT, Version 1.3, Annex 5 - Weighting procedure.
CZ - Czech Republic
National Reference
Producer
Czech Statistical Office
Universe
"The target population is private households and all persons composing these households having their usual residence in the Member State. Private household means a person living alone or a group of persons who live together, providing oneself or themselves with the essentials of living." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, CZ, Version 1.0, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Register of Census Enumeration Districts
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Sampling Method
"The sample was obtained by applying a two-stage probability sampling scheme to each of the 14 administrative regions (NUTS3 regions) independently. The total number of dwellings selected in each region was proportional to the region's size." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, CZ, Version 1.0, p. 10)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
04-02-2023
End Date
18-06-2023
Interview Mode
- 20.7 % CAPI
- 10.9 % CATI
- 68.4 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
25.8 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), CZ, Version 1.0, Annex 5.
CY - Cyprus
National Reference
Producer
CYSTAT
Universe
"[T]he reference population is defined as all the households and their members living in the government-controlled areas of Cyprus. Population in collective households and institutions is excluded." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, CY, Version 1.1, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
2021 Census of Population
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"Geographical stratification criteria were used for the sample selection. The households were stratified in 9 strata based on District (Urban / Rural), i.e. 1) Lefkosia Urban, 2) Lefkosia Rural, 3) Ammochostos Rural, 4) Larnaka Urban, 5) Larnaka Rural, 6) Lemesos Urban, 7) Lemesos Rural, 8) Pafos Urban, 9) Pafos Rural." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, CY, Version 1.1, pp. 15)
Sampling Method
"The sample was selected from each stratum with simple random sampling." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, CY, Version 1.1, p. 16)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
20-03-2023
End Date
30-09-2022
Interview Mode
- 15.1 % CAPI
- 84.9 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
15.06 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), CZ, Version 1.1, Annex – Weighting, C & L data, 2023.
SE - Sweden
National Reference
Producer
Statistics Sweden
Universe
"The reference population is all private households and all persons composing these households, having their usual residence in Sweden." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, SE, Version 1.1, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Total Population Register (TPR)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Sampling Method
"From 2021 and onwards, the sampling design for new panel samples is one-stage stratified systematic sampling, in which stratification is with respect to NUTS2 regions and where the sampling frame is ordered by sex and age. The sampling allocation is non-proportional, in which small NUTS2 regions are overrepresented, and large NUTS2 regions are underrepresented. The purpose of the new sampling design is to increase compliance with the precision requirements for SILC. The sampling design for the additional samples 2021-2023 is stratified systematic sampling, for which the stratification, allocation, and ordering of the sampling frame is the same as for new panel samples. The sampling allocation for the additional samples is more skewed relative to the population than the sampling allocation for new panel samples, which further increases compliance with the precision requirements." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, SE, Version 1.1, p. 13)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
January to June
Interview Mode
- 39.5 % CATI
- 60.5 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
1.4 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024): National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), SE, Version 1.1, Annex 5.
SI - Slovenia
National Reference
Producer
Statistical office of the Republic of Slovenia
Universe
"The reference population is defined with the persons in the Central Register of Population, which are aged 16 years or more. The individuals with Slovenian citizenship as well as foreigners were included in the sampling frame." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, SI, Version 1.0, p. 3.)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Central Register of Population
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Individuals
Stratification Criteria
"The sampling frame of persons aged 16 years or more is divided into 5 strata, which are defined according to the size of the settlement and it's characteristics: 1. Non-urban settlement 2. Smaller urban settlement 3. Larger urban settlement 4. Town with at least 10.000 inhabitants 5. Ljubljana When selecting the primary sampling units, explicit stratification according to the type of settlement was used (5 strata). Since we wanted to maintain regional representativeness, implicit stratification according to the statistical region was applied. It means that the list of units within strata was sorted according to statistical regions. In Slovenia, there are 12 statistical (NUTS3) regions: 1. Pomurska statistical region 2. Podravska statistical region 3. Koroška statistical region 4. Savinjska statistical region 5. Zasavska statistical region 6. Posavska statistical region 7. Jugovzhodna Slovenija 8. Osrednjeslovenska statistical region 9. Gorenjska statistical region 10. Primorsko-notranjska statistical region 11. Goriška statistical region 12. Obalno-kraška statistical region" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, SI, Version 1.0, p. 17.)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
January to June
Interview Mode
- 33 % CAPI
- 67 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
16.6 %
Weighting
Non-response Weight: Method
"The non-response factor was calculated for each stratum. First, the sample was divided into three categories: responses, non-responses and out-of-scope units. The non-response adjustment factor is calculated: , where is the number of the responses in the stratum and number of the non- responses in the stratum." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, PT, Version 1.0, p. 20.)
Weighting: Method
(null)
Final Weighting: Method
"The cross-sectional weights for the households were calculated by firstly taking the average of the base weights for the belonging persons and then calibrate these weights for each rotational group to the same margin values[...]. The cross-sectional weights for the persons and selected persons were calculated by the same procedure as used for the first wave. [...] The longitudinal weights were calculated by taking the base weights and then calibrate these weights to the Sex-age structure of the corresponding longitudinal population which was determined as the overlap of the register population in the consecutive years" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, PT, Version 1.0, p. 21.)
SK - Slovakia
National Reference
Producer
The Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic
Universe
"The target population is private households and all persons composing these households having their usual residence in the Member State. Private household means a person living alone or a group of persons who live together, providing oneself or themselves with the essentials of living." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), SK, Version 1.2, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
2021 Population and Housing Census (acronym - SODB)
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"There are two criteria of area stratification in the sampling design: - geographical stratification (8 standard administrative regions corresponding to the European NUTS 3 level.) - degree of urbanization: 7 groups according to population size of municipalities and communes (number of inhabitants in municipalities and communes) Totally 48 final strata were created (variable DB050) by using of those two stratification criteria." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), SK, Version 1.2, p. 14)
Sampling Method
"The information about population, which was obtained from sampling frame, the information about updating of sampling frame and the rules for proportional stratified sampling was used in creating of sample selection scheme for new rotational group. In selection of households for the new rotational group we proceeded by analogy as in the first year of survey, i.e. in EU SILC 2005: - up-to date sampling frame (list of households sharing of expenditures) was created, - strata were created (households sharing of expenditures from list were put in strata by region and level of urbanisation of municipalities), - required number of selected households sharing of expenditures for new rotational group was approximately 1 500 households, - probability of sampling for given number of households sharing of expenditures was appointed, - random numbers from interval (0,1) were generated in each strata for each unit, which was not included in sampling in previous period, - units with random number lower or equal than was probability of sampling were included into sampled population." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), SK, Version 1.2, p. 14)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
February to July
Interview Mode
- 5.3 % CAPI
- 94.7 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
0 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
"In practice, the well-tried iteration method of weight calibration was utilized, which minimizes the difference between the known and the grossed up values of selected characteristics. Although it is a panel survey comprising data of four practically independent samples (waves 1-4), a simple calibration method was utilized which did not distinguish the waves but worked with all households together. At the same time and according to the Eurostat’s recommendations the standard system of integrated weights was used in the survey, i.e. a single set of grossing-up coefficients that was subsequently used to produce results for both households and individuals. As the sampling unit is the dwelling, all weight coefficients were calculated for dwellings and subsequently assigned to all persons and households in them (integrated weights). The method described above deals with non-response successfully, i.e. it corrects the bias due to the specific composition of households that did not respond. First of all, it improves demographic and social structure but, as a by-product, it also eliminates deformation of income indicators related to these structures." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, SK, Version 1.2, p. 16.)
IT - Italy
National Reference
Producer
ISTAT Italian National Institute of Statistics
Universe
"The target population is private households and all persons composing these households having their usual residence in the Member State. Private household means a person living alone or a group of persons who live together, providing oneself or themselves with the essentials of living." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, IT, Version 1.1, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
LAC (Liste Anagrafiche Comunali)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"The PSUs are stratified according to their size in terms of the number of residents." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, IT, Version 1.1, p. 14)
Sampling Method
"PSU are selected with probability proportional to their size (number of residents) by means of a systematic sampling method by Madow (1949) inside each stratum. Households are selected with equal probability by systematic sampling in each selected municipality from municipality registers." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, IT, Version 1.1, p. 15)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Start Date
01-03-2023
End Date
02-10-2023
Interview Mode
- 56.6 % CAPI
- 43.5 % CATI
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, IT, Version 1.1, Annex 5.
MT - Malta
National Reference
Producer
National Statistics Office (NSO)
Universe
"The reference population is composed of all private households and their current members residing in Malta and Gozo at the time of data collection. Persons living in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), MT, Version 1.1, p. 3.)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
2021 Census of Population & Housing
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- not stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"Stratification and sub-stratification criteria are not applicable since stratified sampling is not adopted for SILC in Malta." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), MT, Version 1.1, p. 24.)
Sampling Method
"The type of sampling design adopted for EU-SILC in Malta is the one-stage sampling design (or single stage sampling design). Simple random sampling is used each year to select the new panel of dwellings to be added to the sample to be interviewed. Thus, in cross-sectional SILC 2023, the complete sample was made up of the 3 panels chosen in each of the three years from 2020 to 2022, together with the new panel chosen to be interviewed for the first time in 2023. For households in the three old panels, SILC 2023 was the second, third or fourth (and last) time they were being contacted to complete the survey." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), MT, Version 1.1, p. 23.)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
May to July
Interview Mode
- 0.4 % CAPI
- 99.6 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
28.4 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024): National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), MT, Version 1.1, annex 5 - Weighting Procedure.
PT - Portugal
National Reference
Producer
Instituto Nacional de Estatística, I.P. (Portugal)
Universe
"Private households and all persons composing these households having their usual residence in the national territory in the reference period." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, PT, Version 1.0, p. 2.)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
National Dwellings Register (NDR)
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Sampling Method
"Households are selected by stratified two-stage sampling, from a sampling frame of dwellings of usual residence. The longitudinal nature of the sample, as well as the limitation of the statistical burden on respondents, are ensured by setting up an annual rotational scheme involving four independent sub-samples, each one being replaced every year. Hence, each household is interviewed four times at most, and thus the overlapping of ¾ of respondents vis-à-vis the previous year is guaranteed." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, PT, Version 1.0, p. 11.)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
11-04-2023
End Date
27-07-2023
Interview Mode
- 65.1 % CAPI
- 34.9 % CATI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
40.9 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024): National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, PT, Version 1.0, Annex 5 - Weighting procedure.
PL - Poland
National Reference
Producer
Statictics Poland
Universe
"The survey unit was a household and all the household members at least 16 years old at the end of the income reference period.
The survey did not cover collective households or institutions" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, PL, Version 1.2, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
National Official Register of Territorial Division of the Country (TERYT system)
Sampling Design
Probability
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Dwellings
Stratification Criteria
"A two-stage sampling scheme with different selection probabilities at the first stage was used. Primary sampling units (PSU) were enumeration census areas. At the second stage dwellings were selected. All the households from the selected dwellings were supposed to enter the survey. Prior to selection, primary sampling units were stratified." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, PL, Version 1.2, p. 14)
Sampling Method
"The strata were the voivodships (NUTS2) and within the voivodships primary sampling units were classified by class of locality. In urban areas census areas were grouped by size of town. Big cities formed independent strata, but in the five largest cities districts were treated as strata. In rural areas strata were represented by rural gminas (NUTS5) of a subregion (NUTS3) or of a few neighbouring powiats (NUTS4). Altogether, 211 strata were distinguished for the first year of the survey; this amount in subsequent editions was subject to certain modifications resulting from changes in the administrative division." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, PL, Version 1.2, p. 14)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
5
Data Collection
Start Date
24-04-2023
End Date
30-06-2023
Interview Mode
- 46.6 % CAPI
- 48.4 % CATI
- 5 % PAPI
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
25 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024): National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, PL, Version 1.2, Weighting Annex.
ES - Spain
National Reference
Producer
National Statistics Institute (INE-Spain)
Universe
"The target population was members of private households residing at main family addresses, and the households themselves.
(No differences between national and EU-SILC concept)
[…]
The sub-populations that are not covered by the data collection include: those who moved out of the country’s territory; or those with no usual residence; or those living in institutions or who have moved to an institution compared to the previous year." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), ES, Version 1.0, p. 2)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Geographical frame of addresses (
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Census enumeration units
Secondary Sampling Units
Addresses
Stratification Criteria
"In each Autonomous Community [self-ruling region], first-stage units were stratified by the size of the municipality to which the census section belonged. The following strata were considered: Stratum 0: Municipalities of over 500,000 population. Stratum 1: Provincial capitals (other than the above). Stratum 2: Municipalities of over 100,000 population (other than the above). Stratum 3: Municipalities of 50,000 to 100,000 population (other than the above). Stratum 4: Municipalities of 20,000 to 50,000 population (other than the above). Stratum 5: Municipalities of 10,000 to 20,000 population. Stratum 6: Municipalities of under 10,000 population. An independent sample was designed in each Autonomous Community to represent it, because one of INE’s survey objectives isto provide data at this level of disaggegration." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), ES, Version 1.0, p. 12)
Sampling Method
"The Survey on Income and Living Conditions (Spanish “ECV”) is an annual survey with a rotational-group design. The sample comprises four independent sub-samples, each of which is a four-year panel. Each year, the sample is rotated in one of the panels. The new sub-sample is selected following a two-stage design; the first-stage units are stratified. The first stage is made up of census sections. The second stage comprises main family addresses. There was no sub-sampling within those units; all households usually residing in those addresses were surveyed. The other sub-samples are formed with the households of the previous waves that have collaborated. In the 2020, 2021 and 2022 surveys the split-off households are not followed in the panel component (in the COVID-19 crisis context, together with the change of the Data Collection program and the mode of data collection, it has only been possible to develop the procedure to follow the movement of the entire household, but not the case of the split-off households.). Since the 2016 survey a supplementation of the sample is added in Catalonia in the new-subsample for the cross-sectional operation. From the 2021 survey this sample will be followed up in the subsequent years following the rotating scheme (the new-subsample has 116 census sections). The sample size has been duplicated in the context of the precision requirements introduced in the new frame regulation. The process has been initiated in 2019 and is consolidated in 2022. The new-subsamples are duplicated (some adjustments have been carried out in the allocation by Autonomous Communities) in the period 2019-2022." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), ES, Version 1.0, pp. 11)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
Feruary to May
Interview Mode
- 7 % CAPI
- 46.7 % CATI
- 46.3 % Websurvey
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), ES, Version 1.0, Annex 5- Weighting procedure
NL - Netherlands
National Reference
Producer
Statistics Netherlands
Universe
"The reference population of EU-SILC is all private households and their current members residing in the Netherlands at the time of data collection. Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, NL, Version 1.0, p. 3)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Municipal Population Register
Sampling Design
Probability
- random
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Individuals
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"Stratification involves the division of the population into sub-groups, or strata, from which independent samples are taken. In the new sampling design for the first wave in 2016, a stratified sampling frame of persons aged 16 and over was constructed. Sample persons were divided into 21 strata. These strata were defined on the basis of household income, age and number of household members belonging to the target population: Ten deciles of the equivalised household income The number of household members aged 16 or over, two classes: 1, > 1 Age, two classes : 16, > 16" (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, NL, Version 1.0, p. 21)
Sampling Method
"The sampling design can be classified as a stratified random sampling design." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2023, NL, Version 1.0, p. 21)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
6
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
February to September
Interview Mode
- 19.2 % CATI
- 80.8 % Websurvey
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024): National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), MT, Version 1.0, annex 5 - Weighting.
EE - Estonia
National Reference
Producer
Statistics Estonia
Universe
"The target population is private households and all persons composing these households having their usual residence in the Member State. Private household means a person living alone or a group of persons who live together, providing oneself or themselves with the essentials of living. [...] The sub-populations that are not covered by the data collection includes: those who moved out of the country’s territory; or those with no usual residence; or those living in institutions or who have moved to an institution compared to the previous year." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), EE, Version 1.1, pp 2.)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
Statistical Population Register of Estonia
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- one stage
Primary Sampling Units
Households
Secondary Sampling Units
Not used
Stratification Criteria
"The stratification is based on place of residence. The sampling of persons is carried out by geographically stratified systematic sampling procedure, i.e. independent sub-samples are drawn separately from the non-overlapping subpopulations called strata. Each person is included with his or her household and all members of this household aged 15 or more are interviewed. The 15 counties and Tallinn city are divided into four strata by population size: I – Tallinn; II – four bigger counties (Harju (excl. Tallinn), Ida-Viru, Pärnu and Tartu counties); III – ten smaller counties (Jõgeva, Järva, Lääne, Lääne-Viru, Põlva, Rapla, Saare, Valga, Viljandi and Võru counties); IV – Hiiu county." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), EE, Version 1.1, p 15.)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Start Date
15-01-2023
End Date
31-05-2023
Interview Mode
- 80.8 % CATI
- 19.2 % Websurvey
Percentage Of Proxy Interviews
12.02 %
Weighting
Weighting: Method
See Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), EE, Version 1.1, Annex 5 - Weighting procedure
EL - Greece
National Reference
Producer
Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT)
Universe
"The target population is private households and all persons composing these households.The source of our sample is the Population Census. This Census includes all private households and their current members residing in the territory independently of any socio-economic characteristics they may have.
Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population as well as households with diplomatic missioners as members." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), EL, Version 1.2, p. 4)
Sampling Procedure
Source Of Sampling Frame
2011 Population Census
Sampling Design
Probability
- systematic
- stratified
- multi-stage
Primary Sampling Units
Area units
Secondary Sampling Units
Households
Stratification Criteria
"The two-stage area sampling was applied for the EU-SILC survey. Stratification and sub stratification criteria The sampling design involves two levels of area stratification of the target population: (i) the first level is geographical stratification based on the partition of the total country area into the thirteen standard administrative regions, corresponding to the European NUTS II level. Stratification by region, also implemented in the original design of the SILC, is necessary for achieving specified precision at regional level. (ii) The second level of stratification involves grouping, within each region, municipalities and communes into four categories by degree of urbanization, i.e., according to their population size. The four degrees of urbanization are delineated in Table 1. The two major cities of ex-agglomerations of Athens and Thessalonica constitute two separate major geographical strata within the regions of Attiki and Kentriki Makedonia, respectively. Thus, the total number of strata in the thirteen regions, excluding the cities of Athens and Thessalonica, is 50; it should be noted that the highest degree of urbanization is lacking in two regions. The two major city agglomerations of Athens and Thessalonica are further partitioned into 31 and 9 substrata (administrative subdivisions), respectively, on the basis of the city blocks of the municipalities that constitute them. Thus, the total number of strata for this survey is 90. The number of the final strata in the thirteen (13) Regions is 50. The former Greater Athens Area was divided into 31 strata on the basis of the lists of city blocks of the Municipalities that constitute it and taking into consideration socio-economic criteria. Similarly, the former Greater Thessaloniki Area was divided into 9 strata. The two Major former City Agglomerations account for about 35.5% of total population and for even larger percentages in certain socio-economic variables. Thus, the total number of final strata of the survey is 90. The initial sample size is 11,953 households, 2.8‰ of the total population of households (4,304,193)." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), EL, Version 1.2, p. 18)
Sampling Method
"1st stage of sampling Selection algorithm The random selection of the specified number of PSUs is carried out separately in each stratum in the following steps. 1. Before the selection, list all PSUs in the stratum in random order; 2. for each PSU in the stratum, cumulate the population sizes (number of private households) for PSUs up to and including itself, e.g., for PSU i calculate the total Ti=N1+N2+…+Ni, where N1, N2, …, Ni denote sizes of PSUs in the particular stratum; 3. determine the range corresponding to each PSU in the stratum, that is, from (but not including) the cumulative sum for the previous PSU to the cumulative sum for the current PSU, e.g., for PSU i the range is (Ti-1, T1); 4. divide the total cumulative size by the number n of PSUs to be sampled, to get the sampling interval (SI); 5. determine a random start, r, between 1 and SI; 6. select those n PSUs whose range contains the random numbers r, r+SI, r+2SI, …, r+(n-1)SI. By design, the total number of selected PSUs in each stratum is a multiple, say d, of 4, so that each rotating panel is composed of 4d PSUs. The selected PSUs are assigned to the four panels as follows. Assume that all 4d selected PSUs are listed in the order of their selection. Then the d PSUs assigned to the ith panel (i=1,2,3,4) are those in the sequence of selection i, i+4, i+2*4, …, i+(d-1)*4. For example, in a stratum with 12 selected PSUs, the four panels will be formed by the PSUs according to the sequences of selection (1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12), respectively. [...] 2nd stage of sampling In the second sampling stage, a systematic random sample of households is drawn, with a pre-fixed sampling rate, from the current population of households (based on a list constructed in the field, updating the list of the Census 2011) of each selected PSU." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), EL, Version 1.2, p. 18)
Panel Design
Number Of Rotational Groups
4
Data Collection
Date of Data Collection
May to November
Interview Mode
- 39.9 % CATI
- 60.1 % PAPI
Weighting
Non-response Weight: Method
"Within each design stratum, the non-response adjustment of the responding households is carried out by the inverse of the response rate, so as to “make up” for non-responding cases in that stratum. Target variable DB080 was adjusted for non-response for the variables DB120 (record of contact at address) and DB130 (household questionnaire result). The corrections were conducted at subsequent steps. The multiplication of DB080 with each one of the two corrections, results in a corrected DB080 weight that is used as initial weight in the calibration procedure. Concerning the non-response adjustment for the second and following waves of the longitudinal component, especially concerning variables RB060 and PB050, the previous year’s respective values are corrected (inflated) with an adjustment coefficient in order to take into account the population “attrition”. This coefficient is computed for every year and panel separately based on the specific for that year and panel population characteristics. Also this coefficient is different for each one of the two variables RB060 and PB050 since those two refer to different populations (RB060 to all persons irrespectively of their age, while PB050 to adults that accepted to participate in the survey)." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), EL, Version 1.2, p. 24)
Final Weighting: Method
"The final cross sectional weights where calculated as described above, i.e using DB080 after non-response adjustment as the initial weights for new panel and base weights adjusted for non-response due to attrition for former panels. The calibration methods were then applied for the total sample. The final longitudinal weights (variables DB095, RB060 and PB050) where calculated with the same way as the respective cross-sectional weights (DB090, RB050 and PB040). Then, longitudinal weight variables RB062, RB063 and RB064 are computed on the basis of RB060, but as indicated from the respective documents, they are computed only for year 2023 and panels “1,2,3”, “1,2” and “1” respectively." (Eurostat (2024). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), EL, Version 1.2, p. 24)