Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 20 (2019) 1, 37 S
Inhalt: Despite the social normalisation and moral de-problematisation of separation and divorce, they are usually anything but normal or unproblematic events for those affected. The events have to be ordered, the separation needs to be legitimised and one's own identity requires rehabilitation; this can result in striking narrative dynamics in qualitative interviews dealing with separation. Previous research has revealed the connection between the form, content, and function of separation talk as well as social differentiation: role, gender, and socio-structural factors. To the functional analyses of the narratives, of 46 interviews (23 ex-couples) in our study "Couples after separation", we add, as a further and superordinate differentiation, the category of social milieu. We exemplify our argument that separation talk varies depending on this dimension by exploring the contrasting individualised and traditional milieus. They differ in a fundamental way in their relationship models and corresponding separation legitimations, and in their plausibility strategies and in their conception of what constitutes a desirable identity. Beyond the concrete subject of separation and separation talk, we also touch on two important aspects of qualitative research: the differentiation of milieus and the relationship between performance and representation in interviews.
Gendered practices in child protection: shifting mother accountability and father invisibility in situations of domestic violence
Autor/in:
Archer-Kuhn, Beth; de Villiers, Stefan
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 7 (2019) 1, S 228-237
Inhalt: This article reports on an exploratory, qualitative, multiple-methods study that included individual interviews and a focus group with child protection services (CPS) workers in a large city in Alberta, Canada. The findings illuminate current CPS worker practices in situations of domestic violence where inclusion and exclusion decisions are made for service provision, and the ways in which documents reflect these day-to-day practices; how service user descriptions are constructed and reconstructed, the social problem of domestic violence conceptualized, and the ways in which professional development training encourages critical thinking about existing practices to create new solutions for families experiencing domestic violence. Thematic analysis reveals three themes about CPS workers' experience: 1) current practices reflect invisibility of men and accountability of women; 2) personal and professional shift in perspectives on who to work with, gender expectations, and how CPS are delivered; and 3) reflexive practice into potential intervention strategies and professional development training. The findings suggest specific recommendations for practice including the need to engage men in child welfare practice, shift perspective about service delivery with families experiencing domestic violence, and account for gender norms and practices in service delivery.
Why Do Lone Mothers Fare Worse than Lone Fathers? Lone Parenthood and Welfare Benefit Receipt in Germany
Autor/in:
Geisler, Esther; Kreyenfeld, Michaela
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 44 (2019) , S 61-84
Inhalt: This article uses data from the German microcensuses of 2007 and 2012 to examine gender differences in welfare reliance among lone parents. Binary logistic regression was employed as the method of analysis. We show that the risk of welfare benefit receipt is lower among lone fathers than lone mothers. We also find that these gender differences can be partially explained by the socio-economic characteristics of lone fathers; compared to lone mothers, lone fathers are, on average, better educated and more likely to be living with older children. Gender differences decreased over time among parents who have never married, but remained constant among divorced parents. We present a discussion of our findings in light of recent policy reforms, in particular the reform of the German Maintenance Law of 2008, which curbed the ability of a divorced parent to collect support from an ex-spouse.
Schlagwörter:Leistungsbezug; father; Sozialhilfeempfänger; sozioökonomische Faktoren; Federal Republic of Germany; Mutter; Unterhalt; labor force participation; labor market policy; poverty; single parent; social policy; Erwerbsbeteiligung; receipt of benefits; Alleinstehender; Armut; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; mother; allein erziehender Elternteil; socioeconomic factors; welfare recipient; gender-specific factors; support; single; Vater; Sozialpolitik; lone parents; German Microcensus (2007 and 2012)
What Helps and What Hinders? Exploring the Role of Workplace Characteristics for Parental Leave Use and Its Career Consequences
Autor/in:
Samtleben, Claire; Bringmann, Julia; Bünning, Mareike; Hipp, Lena
Quelle: Social Sciences, 8 (2019) 10, S 1-30
Inhalt: The division of parental leave among couples today is still unequal - even in countries with progressive leave schemes. Given the gendered nature of the workplace, we examine how organizational characteristics relate to fathers' uptake and length of parental leave as well as to the perceived career consequences of leave uptake among those fathers who took leave. In our mixed methods study, we draw on unique quantitative and qualitative data on different-sex couples with young children in Germany (2015). We find that the fear of professional repercussions and the lack of a replacement at work inhibit fathers both from taking leave in general and, for those who take leave, from taking it for more than two months. Interestingly, however, the majority of fathers who took leave did not think that their leave negatively affected their professional advancement. This positive evaluation was independent of the length of leave. We compared fathers' perceived leave consequences to those of mothers, who tended to have a more negative view of the impact of taking leave on their careers. Both fathers and mothers were more likely to report negative career consequences if they worked in organizations that promoted a strong ideal worker norm, that is, where employees thought that they were expected to prioritize paid work over their private life.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsplatz; job; gender-specific factors; Elternurlaub; parental leave; Inanspruchnahme; recourse; Auswirkung; impact; beruflicher Aufstieg; career advancement; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Organisationskultur; organizational culture; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Federal Republic of Germany; gender equality; ideal worker norm; mixed methods; workplace culture
Building a new life and (re)making a family: Young Syrian refugee women in the Netherlands navigating between family and career
Titelübersetzung:Ein neues Leben beginnen und eine Familie (wieder)herstellen: Wie junge geflüchtete Frauen aus Syrien in den Niederlanden zwischen Familie und Beruf navigieren
Autor/in:
Ruis, Ada
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 31 (2019) 3, S 287-302
Inhalt: This article presents results of a qualitative analysis based on biographic narratives of three young, well-
educated women from Syria. They arrived in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2017 in the context of
family reunion. The central question is how young Syrian women navigate between two major projects
that ask for their agency, being family and work. It is argued that both occupational career development
and the building of a family are ‘agentic projects’ that aim to contribute to the establishment of a new life
and to regain continuity. The analyses demonstrate that both projects are closely intertwined. Agency
emerges as highly relational and intersecting with the women’s position in the life course, timing of life
events, ability to adapt career goals to the new situation, and impact of social contexts on family rela-
tions.
Schlagwörter:woman; Flüchtling; refugee; Syrien; Syria; Biographie; biography; Familienzusammenführung; family reunion; Mutterschaft; motherhood; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Asylpolitik; asylum policy; Integration; integration; Niederlande; Netherlands; refugee family resettlement; life course perspective; agency; displacement and gender; young refugee mothers; biographic narratives
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Zeit-Nischen oder Familienzeit? Väter und der Umgang mit den Widersprüchen flexibler Arbeitsformen
Titelübersetzung:Time niches or family time? How fathers deal with the contradictions inherent in flexible working arrangements
Autor/in:
Liebig, Brigitte; Peitz, Martina
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 10 (2018) 1, S 151-166
Inhalt: Flexible Arbeitsmodelle gewinnen heute an Bedeutung - ebenso wie die Vorstellung einer "involvierten" Vaterschaft. Hinsichtlich der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie erweisen sich flexible Formen der Arbeit für Väter jedoch als ambivalent: Einerseits bieten sie Vätern neue Spielräume, andererseits stehen sie für problematische Trends der Arbeitsverdichtung, denen insbesondere Männer aufgrund traditioneller Arbeitsnormen ausgeliefert sind. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie Väter die Widersprüche flexibler Arbeitsmodelle im Kontext von Vereinbarkeitsansprüchen handhaben. Empirische Grundlage bilden problemzentrierte Interviews mit 32 Vätern aus familienfreundlichen Unternehmen und Verwaltungen der Schweiz. Die Resultate zeigen, dass flexible Arbeitsmodelle Vaterschaftspraxen nur auf symbolischer Ebene verändern, wenn sie von traditionellen Vorstellungen von Männlichkeit und Familie begleitet sind. Erst verknüpft mit partnerschaftlich-egalitären Vorstellungen und unterstützt von einer Arbeitskultur, welche der Sorgeverantwortung von Vätern ausdrücklich Rechnung trägt, können flexible Arbeitsformen auch bei Vätern zu einem Mehr an Familienzeit im Sinne einer gleichberechtigt(er)en Teilhabe an der Kindererziehung führen.
Inhalt: Flexible working arrangements are gaining importance today, as is the idea of "involved" fatherhood. However, flexible forms of work are ambivalent when it comes to fathers’ ability to reconcile work and family life: On the one hand, they offer fathers new opportunities; on the other hand, they represent problematic trends as regards work intensification, to which men in particular are exposed due to traditional norms at the workplace. This article examines how fathers deal with the contradictions inherent in flexible working arrangements, and in the context of claims about reconciling family life and work. The analysis starts from problem-centred interviews with 32 fathers in family-friendly businesses and public administrations in Switzerland. The results show that flexible working models transform fatherhood practices only superficially if they are framed by traditional notions of masculinity and family. It is only in combination with egalitarian ideas and supported by a working culture, which values fathers’ care responsibilities that flexible forms of work can help increase fathers’ family time in the sense of leading to their equal involvement in parenting.
Schlagwörter:Vaterschaft; fatherhood; Arbeitsorganisation; work organization; Arbeitszeitflexibilität; working time flexibility; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Familienarbeit; family work; gender-specific factors; Rollenverständnis; role conception; Arbeitskultur; work culture; Schweiz; Switzerland; flexible Arbeitsmodelle; Vereinbarkeit; Zeitnormen; Sorgearbeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Simply the Best!? - Kulturelle Einflussfaktoren zum "intensive mothering" bei Müttern von Kleinkindern in Deutschland
Titelübersetzung:Simply the Best!? - The impact of cultural factors on "intensive mothering" among mothers of toddlers in Germany
Autor/in:
Diabaté, Sabine; Beringer, Samira
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 30 (2018) 3, S 293-315
Inhalt: Obwohl sich junge Paare oft eine egalitäre Aufteilung der Erwerbs- und Familienarbeit wünschen, ändert sich dies nach der Familiengründung häufig. Neben ökonomischen Gründen können auch kulturelle Vorstellungen von einer "guten Mutter" diesen Effekt mitverursachen. Im Beitrag wird untersucht, wie Mütter von Kleinkindern zum "intensive mothering" stehen und dieses leben. Darunter versteht man ein Ideal, welches das Kind (und dessen Betreuung) als höchste Priorität der Frau definiert. Es werden die Daten der Leitbildstudie verwendet und in einer logistischen Regression analysiert, wer das "intensive mothering" befürwortet. Es zeigt sich u.a., dass dies insbesondere bei westdeutschen und religiösen Müttern der Fall ist. In Strukturgleichungsmodellen wird dargestellt, wie diese Disposition das Verhalten begünstigt. Die Überzeugung, als Mutter die beste Betreuung zu sein, hat keinen direkten Einfluss auf die tatsächliche Betreuung, sondern wirkt indirekt durch das Misstrauen gegenüber der Fremdbetreuung. Ostdeutsche oder höher gebildete Mütter betreuen ihre Kinder seltener selbst. Historisch gewachsene Normen, verstärkt durch intergenerationale Transmission, erklären den persistierenden Ost-West-Unterschied.
Schlagwörter:Mutterschaft; motherhood; Kleinkind; infant; Kinderbetreuung; child care; Familienarbeit; family work; Rollenbild; role image; Selbstbild; self-image; Leitbild; example; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; kulturelle Faktoren; cultural factors; Ost-West-Vergleich; east-west comparison; alte Bundesländer; old federal states; neue Bundesländer; New Federal States; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Caring, Cooking, Cleaning - repräsentative Zeitverwendungsmuster von Eltern in Paarbeziehungen
Titelübersetzung:Caring, cooking, cleaning - representative time use patterns in two-parent households
Autor/in:
Klünder, Nina; Meier-Gräwe, Uta
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 30 (2018) 1, S 9-28
Inhalt: Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Erwerbstätigkeit von Müttern geht dieser Beitrag der Frage nach, wie Eltern in Paarbeziehungen die Haushaltsbereiche Betreuung, Beköstigung sowie Wohnungs- und Wäschereinigung untereinander aufteilen. Dazu werden drei Paartypen mit unterschiedlichem Erwerbsumfang gebildet: Zweiverdiener-Paare, Paare mit weiblichem Zuverdienst sowie Paare mit männlichem Familienernährer. Deren Zeitverwendung für die genannten Tätigkeiten wird mithilfe der repräsentativen Zeitverwendungserhebung 2012/2013 und 2001/2002 sekundäranalytisch untersucht. Die Analyse zeigt, dass vollzeiterwerbstätige Mütter täglich am wenigsten Zeit für die drei genannten Arbeitsbereiche im Haushalt aufwenden, nicht erwerbstätige Mütter hingegen am meisten. Innerhalb einer Dekade - von 2001/2002 bis 2012/2013 - haben alle untersuchten Mütter ihre Zeitverwendung für hauswirtschaftliche Tätigkeitsfelder reduziert, zeitgleich nehmen sich Eltern 2012/2013 deutlich mehr Zeit für Betreuungsaufgaben. Unabhängig des Erwerbsumfangs der Mutter ist die Arbeit des Alltags nach wie vor, besonders werktags, weiblich konnotiert und somit geschlechtsdifferenzierend aufgeteilt. Nur am Wochenende zeigt sich in Paaren mit erwerbstätiger Mutter bei der Betreuung eine annährend egalitäre Arbeitsteilung.
Inhalt: As a result of the increasing labor force participation of mothers, this article questions how twoparent households divide the housework activities of caring, cooking and cleaning. Therefore three types of couples with different labor force participations were formed: Dual-earner couples, couples with additional female income and malebreadwinner couples. The time use for the mentioned activities was examined with a secondary analysis based on the German representative time use surveys of 2012/2013 and 2001/2002. The analysis showed that fulltime mothers spent the lowest amount of time for caring, cooking and cleaning. However, unemployed mothers spent the most time for these activities. Within a decade - from 2001/2002 to 2012/2013 - all mothers have reduced their time spent on household activities. Meanwhile, all parents in 2012/2013 take noticeably more time for child care. Regardless of the mother’s labor force participation, mothers still spent more time for caring, cooking and cleaning, especially on weekdays. Additionally, the everyday housework is divided by gender. Only on weekends, couples with employed mothers shared the care-work almost egalitarian.
Schlagwörter:Zeitverwendung; time budgeting; Elternschaft; parenthood; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; Betreuung; care; Hausarbeit; housework; Familienarbeit; family work; Zeitaufwand; time expenditure; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; gender-specific factors; Erwerbsphase; working life; Mutter; mother; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 30 (2018) 1, S 96-119
Inhalt: Educational expansion, the massive increase of women’s labor force participation, and assortative mating have reduced asymmetries in educational achievements and in career resources between women and men in virtually every Western society. This paper provides an analysis of the association between partners' education, parenthood, and spouses' relative labor supply in East and West Germany. Education is considered from two angles: as an indicator for resources on the labor market or as an indicator for gender attitudes. We apply cross-sectional data from the 2011 German Microcensus, comprising 57,366 couple households. For our estimations, we use General Linear Models. Because of high case numbers, we are able to estimate several interaction effects in statistical powerful detail. We find that (1) a woman's share of paid work is higher, the higher she is educated; (2) women with higher education than their male partners realize higher shares of relative employment (in comparison to other women); (3) women rarely realize a share of 50% or higher on average in any educational composition; (4) especially young children have a huge impact on women's labor supply; and (5) women's comparative educational advantages are more important for their share of paid work in West than in East Germany. Neither interpretation of relative education can explain the overall picture of couples’ division of paid work alone. Depending on parenthood, the age of the youngest child in the household, and the regional context, either normative, or economic exchanges between partners seem to drive the association between relative education, and relative labor supply of women. We demonstrate the usefulness of two theoretical approaches of framing education as an explanatory concept.
Schlagwörter:Partnerschaft; partnership; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; Elternschaft; parenthood; gender-specific factors; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; Familie; family; Federal Republic of Germany; alte Bundesländer; old federal states; neue Bundesländer; New Federal States
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Wie die Eltern, so die Kinder? Ähnlichkeiten in der Zeitverwendung auf bildungsnahe Aktivitäten
Titelübersetzung:Do children mirror their parents' time use? The case of educational activities
Autor/in:
Boll, Christina; Lagemann, Andreas
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 30 (2018) 1, S 50-75
Inhalt: Dieser Beitrag erforscht die Zeitverwendung von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 10 bis 17 Jahren auf bildungsnahe Aktivitäten und beleuchtet dabei insbesondere die Rolle gleichartiger elterlicher Aktivitäten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sogenannte Spiegelkorrelationen der Zeitverwendung auch dann signifikant sind, wenn für die üblichen sozio-demografischen Merkmale der Kinder und der Eltern kontrolliert wird. Die multivariaten Analysen differenzieren zwischen sechs Aktivitätengruppen, die jeweils separat für die Kindesaltersgruppen 10-13 Jahre und 14-17 Jahre geschätzt werden. Bezüglich der einzelnen Aktivitäten finden wir spezifische Muster nach Geschlecht und Erwerbsstatus der Eltern sowie Unterschiede zwischen Werk- und Wochenendtagen. Die stärksten Korrelationen betreffen die Mediennutzung der Väter und Mütter. Für Väter kommen signifikante Assoziationen in den Bereichen Sport und Spiele, für Mütter in den Bereichen Kunst und Kultur hinzu.
Inhalt: This article explores the determinants of the time use of children aged 10 to 17 for educational activities, focusing in particular on the role of corresponding parental educational activities. Results show significant correlations even when the usual socio-demographic characteristics of children and parents are controlled for. Multivariate analyses differentiate between six activity groups which are separately estimated for children aged 10 to 13 and 14 to 17, respectively. We find specific patterns for parental gender and employment status. Moreover, associations vary between working days and weekend. Strongest mirror correlations are found for media-related activities, both for mothers and fathers. In addition, children's time use exhibits significant correlations to mothers' time use with respect to cultural activities and arts, and to fathers’ time use concerning sports and games.
Schlagwörter:Zeitverwendung; time budgeting; Eltern; parents; Kind; child; Jugendlicher; adolescent; informelles Lernen; informal learning; Freizeitbeschäftigung; recreational activity; gender-specific factors; demographische Faktoren; demographic factors; soziale Faktoren; social factors; Alltag; everyday life; Wochenende; weekend; Federal Republic of Germany; bildungsnahe Aktivitäten; Paarhaushalte; Spiegelkorrelationen
