Privileged Daughters? Gendered Mobility among Highly Educated Chinese Female Migrants in the UK
Autor/in:
Tu, Mengwei; Xie, Kailing
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 8 (2020) 2, S 68-76
Inhalt: The one-child generation daughters born to middle-class Chinese parents enjoy the privilege of concentrated family resources and the opportunity for education overseas. We focus on the "privileged daughters" who have studied abroad and remained overseas as professionals. Using three cases of post-student female migrants who were of different ages and at different life stages, we situate their socioeconomic mobility in the context of intergenerational relationships and transnational social space. Drawing on further interview data from the same project we argue that, although the "privileged daughters" have achieved geographical mobility and upward social mobility, through education and a career in a Western country, their life choices remain heavily influenced by their parents in China. Such findings highlight the transnationally transferred gendered burden among the relatively "elite" cohort, thus revealing a more nuanced gendered interpretation of transnational socioeconomic mobility.
The Migration of Career-Starter Hungarian Graduate Women to the Countries of the European Union
Autor/in:
Czibere, Ibolya; Schranz, Edit
Quelle: Social Sciences, 9 (2020) 5, S 1-19
Inhalt: In our paper, we present the reasons for and characteristics of the increasing migration of graduate women, mostly undertaken alone. In Hungary, in the context of the acceleration of migration experienced after 2010, two phenomena can be observed: (1) Due to positive selection a high proportion of well-trained young graduates have moved to live abroad; (2) over the past few years, a higher proportion of those migrating for work have been female graduates in their maternity age. Thus, not only is the process of weakening of the male dominance among the emigrants clearly perceptible, but a Hungary-related version of the feminization of the brain drain phenomenon due to the labor market demand of the host countries is also evolving. In this study, we examine the motivations of graduate women to work abroad and the success of their integration. Our qualitative study examines motivations for migration among college graduate females, who are just starting their career. We have explored social forces that influence emigration among the highest educated. We have also studied integration and assimilation strategies among Hungarian women working in the European Union. Our findings contribute to and extend research that focuses on push and pull factors in migration, as well as the interpretation of gender differences in migration, especially among the highest educated.
Schlagwörter:Mikrozensus; microcensus; Auslandstätigkeit; work abroad; Migration; migration; woman; Arbeitsmigration; labor migration; Brain Drain; brain drain; EU; EU; Ungar; Hungarian; Abwanderung; out-migration; Fachkraft; specialist; feminization of brain drain; causes of migration
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Arbeitsmarktforschung
The Transformative Forces of Migration: Refugees and the Re-Configuration of Migration Societies
Autor/in:
Hamann, Ulrike; Yurdakul, Gökçe
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 1, S 110-114
Inhalt: In this thematic issue, we attempt to show how migrations transform societies at the local and micro level by focusing on how migrants and refugees navigate within different migration regimes. We pay particular attention to the specific formation of the migration regimes that these countries adopt, which structure the conditions of the economic, racialised, gendered, and sexualized violence and exploitation during migration processes. This interactive process of social transformation shapes individual experiences while also being shaped by them. We aim to contribute to the most recent and challenging question of what kind of political and social changes can be observed and how to frame these changes theoretically if we look at local levels while focusing on struggles for recognition, rights, and urban space. We bring in a cross-country comparative perspective, ranging from Canada, Chile, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and to Germany in order to lay out similarities and differences in each case, within which our authors analyse these transformative forces of migration.
Schlagwörter:Migration; migration; Flüchtling; refugee; Diskurs; discourse; Staatsangehörigkeit; citizenship; sozialer Konflikt; social conflict; Bürgerrecht; civil rights; soziale Rechte; social rights
The Italian Case and the Challenges of Migration Theories through an Analysis of Female Migration
Autor/in:
Filippi, Silvia; Guarna, Anastasia Rita
Quelle: Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 18 (2018) 4, S 689-708
Inhalt: This article argues that female migratory flows in Italy can be considered as a gender-based method of female empowerment and social mobility of women (both within society and the family structure). In Italy, in the last three decades, the migration flow has changed in terms of magnitude, the subjects involved and the migration methods, making the difference between forced and voluntary migration slippery and confused. In spite of the overwhelming presence of women in migration flows, until recently the general assumption drew the international migrants as young, economically motivated men, totally neglecting the role of women. This article argues that by paying attention to the existing relationship between the women’s social position and migration we can better understand aspects of the process of migration previously neglected. Moreover, this article aims to bridge the gap between the macro analysis (an almost exclusive focus on the structural causes of migration) and the micro dimension (a focus on the migrant as a rational subject). Finally, it aims to underline how deceptively and confused are the no-natural categorises of regular and irregular migrant. In this context, the article analyses the two main entering channels of female migrations in Italy: a specific aspect of the sex industry, namely trafficking for sexual exploitation, and the private care market.
Politik der Differenzen: Ethnisierung, Rassismen und Antirassismus im weißen feministischen Aktivismus in Wien
Autor/in:
Mayer, Stefanie
Quelle: Opladen (Politik und Geschlecht, 31), 2018. 465 S
Inhalt: Die Autorin beschäftigt sich mit Praktiken und Debatten zu Migration und ethnisierten Differenzen, Rassismen und Antirassismus im Kontext des feministischen Aktivismus in Wien. In einer Längsschnittbetrachtung von den 1980er bis zu den 2010er Jahren fragt die Arbeit, wie weiße feministische Aktivistinnen machtvolle ethnisierte Differenzen verhandeln - im expliziten Sprechen ebenso wie im impliziten Tun. Nicht zuletzt geht es um die Frage, wie in diesen Praktiken nicht nur die Andere konstruiert, sondern auch Eigenes hergestellt wird. Die Arbeit schließt nicht nur eine Lücke feministischer Bewegungsgeschichte, sondern liefert Analysen des umstrittenen Zusammenhangs von Geschlechterverhältnissen und ethnisierten Differenzen. Den theoretischen Rahmen bildet eine praxistheoretische Perspektive, die mit diskurstheoretischen Überlegungen zusammengedacht und durch Konzepte aus feministischen und postkolonialen Ansätzen inhaltlich gefüllt wird.
"Gender Refugees" in South Africa: the "Common-Sense" Paradox
Titelübersetzung:"Genderflüchtlinge" in Südafrika: das Paradoxon des "gesunden Menschenverstandes"
Autor/in:
Camminga, B
Quelle: Africa Spectrum, 53 (2018) 1, S 89-112
Inhalt: Südafrika ist das einzige Land auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent, das Transgender-Asylsuchende verfassungsrechtlich schützt. Dies erklärt den deutlichen Anstieg dieser Personengruppe im Asylsystem. Untersuchungen zwischen den Jahren 2012 und 2015 zeigen allerdings, dass als transgender bezeichnete Flüchtlinge oder "Genderflüchtlinge" in Südafrika statt Zuflucht weiterhin erhebliche Hürden im Alltag erfahren, die vergleichbar mit der Verfolgung in ihren Herkunftsländern sind. Ich argumentiere, dass dies zum Teil auf die Art ihres Asylantrags in Bezug auf das Geschlecht als ein System der dichotomen Verwaltung "des gesunden Menschenverstandes" zurückzuführen ist. Anstatt geschützte Genderflüchtlinge zu sein, werden sie als die Norm verletzendes Geschlecht angesehen. So finden sie sich paradoxerweise mit Rechten ausgestattet, aber unfähig, diese einzufordern.
Inhalt: South Africa is the only country on the African continent that constitutionally protects transgender asylum seekers. In light of this, it has seen a marked rise in the emergence of this category of person within the asylum system. Drawing on research carried out between 2012 and 2015, I argue that transgender-identified refugees or “gender refugees” from Africa, living in South Africa, rather than accessing refuge continue to experience significant hindrances to their survival comparable with the persecution experienced in their countries of origin. I argue this is in part due to the nature of their asylum claim in relation to gender as a wider system of “common-sense” dichotomous administration, something which remains relatively constant across countries of origin and refugee-receiving countries. Rather than being protected gender refugees, because they are read as violating the rules of normative gender, they find themselves paradoxically with rights, but unable to access them.
Employment returns to tertiary education for immigrants in Western Europe: cross-country differences before and after the economic crisis
Autor/in:
Guetto, Raffaele
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 3, S 64-77
Inhalt: This article contributes to the literature on the models of immigrants’ labour market incorporation in Western Europe by analysing the employment returns to tertiary education for both natives and immigrants. By using yearly EU-LFS data (2005-2013) for a selection of Western European countries, cross-country differences in the employment returns to tertiary education are analysed separately by immigrant status and gender. In Continental Europe, where immigrant-native employment gaps before the crisis were much larger than in Southern Europe, immigrants are found to benefit more from tertiary education, and their returns are also higher than for natives, while the opposite holds in Southern European countries. The same pattern is found irrespective of gender, but cross-country differences are more pronounced among women. The article also documents that the crisis contributed to a cross-country convergence, although limited to men, in the degree of immigrant employment disadvantage, which increased substantially in Southern Europe while remaining unchanged or slightly declining in all other countries. Nevertheless, although immigrant-native employment gaps grew as high as in Continental Europe, immigrant men in Southern Europe are still found to benefit from lower returns to tertiary education than their native counterparts.
Mapping mobility - pathways, institutions and structural effects of youth mobility: Descriptive Analysis Report
Autor/in:
Navarrete Moreno, Lorenzo; Díaz-Catalán, Celia; Díaz-Chorne, Laura; Fernández Araiz, Víctor; Lorenzo Rodríguez, Javier; Pallarés i Cardona, Elisabet; Suárez-Lledó, Víctor
Quelle: Ilustre Colegio Nacional de Doctores y Licenciados En Ciencias Políticas y Sociologia; 2017. 241 S
Inhalt: This document presents the Deliverable Descriptive Analysis Report (D.4.5 internal)1 of the MOVE Project Survey (Work Package 4) that has received funding from the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme of the European Union under Grant Agreement No.649263. All the descriptive analysis committed in the Grant Agreement have been performed and shared with all partners in the internal intranet Project Angel due to its size and format. This document presents simpli ed more manageable and visual version that was shared amongst partners who were asked to contribute with speci c country analysis or explanations. The central aim of MOVE is to provide evidence-based knowledge on mobility of young people in Europe as a prerequisite to improve mobility conditions, and to identify fostering and hindering factors of "beneficial" mobility. This aim is pursued using a multilevel interdisciplinary research approach, aiming at a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the mobility of young people in Europe.
Schlagwörter:Jugend; youth; junger Erwachsener; young adult; Europa; Europe; regionale Mobilität; regional mobility; Migration; migration; Motivation; motivation; Netzwerk; network; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Identitätsbildung; identity formation; Karriereplanung; career planning; Partizipation; participation; Zukunft; future; Erwartung; expectation; Lebensplanung; life planning; soziale Faktoren; social factors; demographische Faktoren; demographic factors
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Jugendsoziologie, Soziologie der Kindheit
Partizipationsbiographien engagierter Migrantinnen: eine biographieanalytische Studie über Partizipationsprozesse im Kontext von Migration und Geschlecht
Autor/in:
Bel Adasme, Melisa
Quelle:
Inhalt: Migrantinnen engagieren sich auf vielfältiger Weise in der deutschen Gesellschaft, dies wird jedoch oft nicht oder kaum wahrgenommen. Die wenigen Studien, die sich mit Formen des Engagements von Migrantinnen beschäftigen, erklären nicht, warum Engagement ausgerechnet in einem bestimmten Bereich vollzogen wird und nicht in anderen. Genauso wenig wird etwas über die Umstände und die zeitlichen Ereignisabfolgen ausgesagt, die zum Engagement führen. Die biographische Perspektive ermöglicht es, den biographischen Partizipationsprozess, in dem sich Engagement herausbildet, in den Blick zu nehmen. So werden einerseits Migrantinnen als handelnde Akteurinnen und „Expertinnen“ wahrgenommen und ihre Ressourcen in den Vordergrund gestellt. Andererseits wird sichtbar, dass Engagement nur dann zustande kommt, wenn es zu der Lebenssituation und den jeweiligen biografischen Präferenzen „passt“. Dank dieser Perspektive können die partizipationsbiographischen Potenziale und Ressourcen, die sich prozesshaft in Wechselwirkung mit gesellschaftlichen Strukturen entwickeln und entfalten, in ihrer Entstehung betrachtet und analysiert werden.