Gender role changes and their impacts on Syrian women refugees in Berlin in light of the Syrian crisis
Autor/in:
Habib, Nisren
Quelle: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH; Berlin (Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt Migration und Diversität, Abteilung Migration, Integration, Transnationalisierung, SP VI 2018-101), 2018. 33 S
Inhalt: Gender roles of Syrian women started to shift in 2011, in light of the Syrian conflict. This shift was a response to the difficult situations which Syrian women faced inside Syria as well as in the neighboring countries to which they fled in the attempt to find safer living conditions. However, the uncertain situation and the precarious working and living conditions in Syria and the neighboring countries forced many Syrian women and families to flee to Europe, with the highest number to Germany, facing the challenge of a new culture and new social norms. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate if and how the gender roles of Syrian women who fled to Berlin, Germany, have shifted. Using semi-structured interviews conducted in the period July - December 2016, the study illustrates the challenges and opportunities they face, both as women and as refugees, and in how far these affect their gender roles.
Schlagwörter:Syrien; Syria; Flüchtling; refugee; woman; Integration; integration; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; gender-specific factors; soziale Norm; social norm; politische Partizipation; political participation; Federal Republic of Germany; gender roles changing
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Migrant Status and Lone Motherhood - Risk Factors of Female Labour Force Participation in Switzerland
Autor/in:
Milewski, Nadja; Struffolino, Emanuela; Bernardi, Laura
Quelle: Lone Parenthood in the Life Course. Cham (Life course research and social policies), 2018, S 141-163
Inhalt: Compared to non-migrant mothers in couples, migrant lone mothers face a much higher risk of being out of the labour market, given that both lone motherhood and international migration have been shown to be strongly related to non-employment. In this chapter, we analyse the labour force participation of immigrant women and non-migrants living in Switzerland, and compare them by distinguishing between mothers in couples and lone mothers. We use data from the Swiss Labour Force Survey (wave 2008; N = 6814). These data allow us to account for intra-group variation among the immigrants by distinguishing them by their migrant generation and their country of origin. The analyses include women aged 20–54 who were living with at least one child under age 18. The dependent variable in the multinomial regression analyses is employment status, differentiating between full-time employment, long and short part-time employment, and non-employment. Results indicate that lone motherhood prevalence is similar among migrant and Swiss mothers (11%). In both groups, lone mothers are less likely to be in employment than mothers in couples. However, we find variation among lone mothers by migrant status: migrants have a higher non-employment rate overall. Among the employed women, migrant lone mothers tend to work full time, whereas non-migrant lone mothers tend to work part time. For lone mothers being an international migrant is therefore associated with an increased risk not only of being out of the labour force, but also of facing difficulties linked to work-family reconciliation. These results are relevant for the design of appropriate policies for migrants, lone parents, and work-family reconciliation, particularly in a societal context like Switzerland, where child care services are insufficient and the number of mothers who work full time is relatively small.
Schlagwörter:Schweiz; Switzerland; woman; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; allein erziehender Elternteil; single parent; Migrant; migrant
Care-Arbeit politisieren: Herausforderungen der (Selbst-)Organisierung von migrantischen 24h-Betreuerinnen
Titelübersetzung:Politicize care work: challenges of the (self-)organizing of migrant 24h-caregivers
Autor/in:
Schilliger, Sarah; Schilling, Katharina
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 26 (2017) 2, S 101-116
Inhalt: "In Privathaushalten von pflegebedürftigen Menschen hat sich in Deutschland und der Schweiz in den letzten Jahren ein Niedriglohnsektor etabliert, der stark vergeschlechtlicht und ethnisiert ist. Zwar gibt es in beiden Ländern politische und gewerkschaftliche Bestrebungen, diesen Arbeitssektor zu regulieren. Doch zeigt sich im Privathaushalt generell die Schwierigkeit, dass gesetzliche Regelungen aufgrund von starken Machthierarchien und fehlender Kontrollen häufig wenig Geltungskraft entfalten. Mobilisierungen auf internationaler Ebene demonstrieren jedoch, wie migrantische Care-Arbeiterinnen durch (Selbst)Organisation eine Verbesserung ihrer Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen erkämpfen konnten. Am Beispiel Deutschlands und der Schweiz fragen wir in unserem Beitrag nach den Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen der Politisierung von kommerzialisierter Care-Arbeit durch migrantische (Selbst-)Organisierung. Hierfür identifizieren wir zunächst die sich zeigenden Schwierigkeiten anhand von drei Faktorenbündeln: a) Arbeit in der privaten Sphäre des Haushalts; b) Displacement und limitiertes Citizenship im Kontext der Transmigration und c) unzureichende institutionelle Unterstützung. Wie es trotzdem zumindest auf lokaler Ebene zu einer bottom-up Mobilisierung in diesem Sektor kommen kann, arbeiten wir anschließend exemplarisch am Netzwerk Respekt@vpod in Basel heraus. Dabei identifizieren wir drei zentrale Strategien: a) das strategische Einfordern von Rechten und das Heraustreten aus der privaten Sphäre mithilfe von strategischer Prozessführung und öffentlicher Kampagnenarbeit; b) die Überwindung der migrationsbedingten Isolation durch einen Prozess des Emplacements, d.h. der alltäglichen sozialen Vernetzung in der migrantischen Community und c) die gelungene Zusammenarbeit auf Augenhöhe zwischen engagierten live-in Care-Arbeiterinnen und der Gewerkschaft vpod." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In private households of elderly people in need of care, a highly gendered and ethnicized low-wage sector has emerged in Germany and Switzerland over the last few years. Despite political and trade union efforts in both countries to regulate this labor sector, there is a general difficulty to enforce legislations in private households due to strong power hierarchies and lack of controls. Mobilizations at the international level, however, demonstrate how female migrant care workers fight for the improvement of their working and living conditions through (self-)organizing. Looking at Germany and Switzerland, we investigate possibilities and challenges of the politicization of commercialized care work through migrant (self-)organizing. To this end, we first identify the difficulties that appear using three sets of factors: a) work in the private sphere of the household; b) displacement and limited citizenship in the context of transmigration and c) insufficient institutional support. Using the example of the network Respekt@vpod in Basel, we then analyze how, at least at the local level, a bottom-up mobilization in this sector is nevertheless possible. We identify three key strategies: a) the strategic demand for rights and the emergence from the private sphere through strategic law suits and public campaigning; b) overcoming the migration induced isolation by a process of emplacement, through the everyday social networking in the migrant community and c) a successful collaboration at eye level between female activist live-in care workers and the trade union." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:häusliche Pflege; home care; Privathaushalt; private household; Pflegeperson; caregiver; Niedriglohn; low wage; Prekarisierung; precariousness; Migrant; migrant; woman; Organisationen; organizations; Vernetzung; networking; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; Arbeitsrecht; labor law; Gewerkschaft; trade union; Mobilisierung; mobilization; Federal Republic of Germany; Schweiz; Switzerland
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Migration, Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen
Women Refugees: An Imbalance of Protecting and Being Protected
Autor/in:
Yazid, Sylvia; Natania, Agatha Lydia
Quelle: Journal of Human Security, 13 (2017) 1, S 34-42
Inhalt: The recent refugee crisis in Europe has become a prominent human security issues that continues to receive international attention. The main debate has been on the accommodation of refugees in European countries and the issues that arise from the sudden influx of people into those countries. Camps were established with limited time and information to prepare, leading to issues within these temporary living arrangements. Conditions are worse for women refugees, who suffer similarly to the men but have higher rates of insecurity. This paper attempts to argue for greater protection for women refugees. To do so, it will describe women refugees’ conditions and needs and relate them to an enforced moral responsibility. It argues for more attention to be given to women refugees with specific conditions, those who have been marginalized in most refugee policies. The main argument is that better protection for and empowerment of women refugees is urgently needed due to their own conditions and needs alongside the moral obligations to take care of children and the elderly. To do so, policies have to consult the specific needs of women. An important step towards this effort is to develop further and more detailed classification of women and their specific needs: women refugees’ needs are not merely determined by their own conditions but also the conditions of those they are responsible for.
Schlagwörter:woman; Flüchtling; refugee; Menschenrechte; human rights; Flüchtlingspolitik; policy on refugees; Europa; Europe; moral obligations; protection; specific needs
Geflüchtete Frauen in Deutschland: Sprache, Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt
Titelübersetzung:Female Refugees in Germany: Language, Education and Employment
Autor/in:
Worbs, Susanne; Baraulina, Tatjana
Quelle: Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF) Forschungszentrum Migration, Integration und Asyl (FZ); Nürnberg (BAMF-Kurzanalyse, 1-2017), 2017. 14 S
Inhalt: Das BAMF-Forschungszentrum legt eine neue Kurzanalyse zur Situation geflüchteter Frauen in Deutschland vor. Dabei werden wissenschaftliche Erhebungen mit Daten aus Verwaltungsstatistiken verknüpft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Geflüchtete Frauen sind hoch motiviert zur gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe, benötigen aber aufgrund von "Startnachteilen" besondere Unterstützung.
Inhalt: The BAMF's Research Centre has presented a new brief analysis of the situation facing refugee women in Germany, linking research findings with data obtained from administrative statistics. The results reveal that refugee women are highly motivated when it comes to participation in society, but that they need special support because of "initial disadvantages".
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsmarkt; Flüchtling; Irak; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Syrien; Federal Republic of Germany; Sprachkenntnisse; woman; Afghanistan; level of education; labor force participation; Iraq; Syria; refugee; knowledge of languages; Bildungsniveau; Afghanistan; labor market
Partizipationsbiographien engagierter Migrantinnen: eine biographieanalytische Studie über Partizipationsprozesse im Kontext von Migration und Geschlecht
Autor/in:
Bel Adasme, Melisa
Quelle:
Inhalt: Migrantinnen engagieren sich auf vielfältiger Weise in der deutschen Gesellschaft, dies wird jedoch oft nicht oder kaum wahrgenommen. Die wenigen Studien, die sich mit Formen des Engagements von Migrantinnen beschäftigen, erklären nicht, warum Engagement ausgerechnet in einem bestimmten Bereich vollzogen wird und nicht in anderen. Genauso wenig wird etwas über die Umstände und die zeitlichen Ereignisabfolgen ausgesagt, die zum Engagement führen. Die biographische Perspektive ermöglicht es, den biographischen Partizipationsprozess, in dem sich Engagement herausbildet, in den Blick zu nehmen. So werden einerseits Migrantinnen als handelnde Akteurinnen und „Expertinnen“ wahrgenommen und ihre Ressourcen in den Vordergrund gestellt. Andererseits wird sichtbar, dass Engagement nur dann zustande kommt, wenn es zu der Lebenssituation und den jeweiligen biografischen Präferenzen „passt“. Dank dieser Perspektive können die partizipationsbiographischen Potenziale und Ressourcen, die sich prozesshaft in Wechselwirkung mit gesellschaftlichen Strukturen entwickeln und entfalten, in ihrer Entstehung betrachtet und analysiert werden.
24-Stunden-Betreuung in Österreich - die Nutzung migrantisierter Arbeitskraft: Vorzeigemodell oder Arbeitsausbeutung?
Autor/in:
Bachinger, Almut
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 25 (2016) 1, S 39-51
Inhalt: "Bezahlte Care- und Hausarbeit, die von MigrantInnen geleistet wird, hat seit den 1990er-Jahren immer weitere Verbreitung im globalen Maßstab erreicht. Im Bereich der Altenpflege und -versorgung entwickelten sich besonders prekäre Arbeitsarrangements und migrantische Arbeitskräfte füllen jene Care Lücken, die nicht mehr durch unbezahlte Arbeit abgedeckt werden. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der 24 Stunden Pflege in Österreich, dass es dabei auch zur systematischen Ausbeutung durch europäische Wohlfahrtsstaaten kommt. Indem dort Arbeitsrecht ausgesetzt wird und die Unterschreitung von Mindestlöhnen durch Kollektivvertragslöhne rechtlich abgesichert werden, wird die geschlechtsspezifische Ausbeutung migrantischer Hausangestellten legalisiert. Dies ist möglich durch eine KomplizInnenschaft von Wohlfahrtsstaat und den NutzerInnen der ausbeuterischen Dienstleistungen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Paid domestic labour carried out by migrants has increased globally since the 1990s. Especially in the area of care for the elderly, working conditions are extremely precarious and migrants are recruited when unpaid family care is missing. The paper reveals that European welfare states systematically exploit migrants demonstrating the example of 24 hour care in Austria. Suspending labour regulations and undermining minimum wages through collectively bargained wages, gender specific exploitation of migrant domestic workers is legalized. Complicity of welfare states and users of exploitative services enable this." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Hausarbeit; housework; Altenpflege; nursing care for the elderly; Migrant; migrant; woman; Arbeitskraft; capacity to work; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; prekäre Beschäftigung; precarious employment; Arbeitsrecht; labor law; Ausbeutung; exploitation; gender-specific factors; Österreich; Austria
SSOAR Kategorie:Recht, Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen
The migration of qualified Lebanese women to France
Autor/in:
Menhem, Suzanne
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 58, S 8-17
Inhalt: Lebanon is defined as a country of emigration and immigration. Whereas previously, emigration was considered a male migration. Gradually, in recent years emigration has evolved and is becoming feminine also. Independent female migration is a growing phenomenon in the Lebanese society although men still play an important role in the migration project.In the past, women were emigrating most often in the context of family reunification, accompanying their husbands to join a member of their families. The majority of migrant women today are leaving the country for so many reasons (further education, work, etc.) and not only to join their husbands. This article examines highly skilled female migration from Lebanon. In France, the migration of skilled workers from Lebanon has experienced very rapid growth in the last decade. However, female migration does not seem to have been the subject of a sociological reading. The study includes qualitative analysis of twenty five cases studied of Lebanese skilled migrant women in France, especially a university degree or equivalent (nurses, architects, teachers, doctors, engineers, lawyers, researchers ...) who were not married or go join their family when they have emigrated, and they have a good command of French language, and who were not dual nationality holders. This article aims to fill some gaps in this area, examining the reasons for change: migration path, the link with the country of origin, the impact of female migration on their personal, social, cultural and family, their return project, exchanges on the remittances levels, career transition path and entrepreneurship, adaptations, their social networks, their identity reconstruction, etc. Besides, there are also non-measurable aspects noted as the autonomy of women to discuss.