Quelle: Gender and Education, 32 (2020) 1, S 11–26
Inhalt: Drawing on data collected in a cross-disciplinary survey of early-career academics (ECAs) in New Zealand, this article explores the factors influencing ECA conference attendance. Our conceptual framework uses conference attendance as the dependent variable and measures gender, ethnicity, family responsibilities and workload. Three key features affect conference attendance: "demographic characteristics" (background features and prior experiences that affect an academic's willingness and ability to attend), "accessibility" (constraints to attending, such as financing, family responsibilities, institutional support or teaching commitments) and "purpose" (the value placed on attending conferences by the individual, the institution, or the discipline). In particular, we identify differences for women, Indigenous people, and those born overseas with respect to their ability to navigate and their inclination to attend national and international conferences.
Schlagwörter:conference culture; early career researcher; ethnic minority; gender inequality; Konferenz; Neuseeland; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Diversity, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Quelle: Maastricht Economic and social Research institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU‐MERIT); Maastricht: National Bureau of Economic Research (Working Paper Series, 39), 2020.
Inhalt: In this study, we investigate what are the factors of the promotion of female and male scientists at the French Institute of Physics (INP) at CNRS, one of the largest European public research organizations. We construct a long panel of INP physicists combining various data sources on their research activities and career. Using event history analysis, we find that female and male physicists have the same rate of promotion from junior to senior positions when controlling for research productivity and a variety of other promotion factors. Our results also suggest that promotion factors such as family characteristics, mentoring, professional network, research responsibilities have different impacts on female and male researchers.
Autor/in:
Dworkin, Jordan D.; Zurn, Perry; Bassett, Danielle S.
Quelle: Neuron, 106 (2020) 6, S 890–894
Inhalt: Reference lists of neuroscience articles show marked gender imbalances. To mitigate this disparity, we discuss relevant ethical considerations and offer practical recommendations to scientists of all ages. We envision an equitable future by all scientists for all scientists.
Schlagwörter:citation; citation gap; gender bias; publication pattern; science career
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaftspolitik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Inhalt: Women's underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) impedes progress in solving Africa's complex development problems. As in other regions, women's participation in STEM drops progressively moving up the education and career ladder, with women currently constituting 30% of Africa's STEM researchers. This study elucidates gender-based differences in PhD performance using new survey data from 227 alumni of STEM PhD programs in 17 African countries. We find that, compared to their male counterparts, sampled women had about one less paper accepted for publication during their doctoral studies and took about half a year longer to finish their PhD training. Negative binomial regression models provide insights on the observed differences in women's and men's PhD performance. Results indicate that the correlates of publication productivity and time to PhD completion are very similar for women and men, but some gender-based differences are observed. For publication output, we find that good supervision had a stronger impact for men than women; and getting married during the PhD reduced women's publication productivity but increased that of men. Becoming a parent during the PhD training was a key reason that women took longer to complete the PhD, according to our results. Findings suggest that having a female supervisor, attending an institution with gender policies in place, and pursuing the PhD in a department where sexual harassment by faculty was perceived as uncommon were enabling factors for women's timely completion of their doctoral studies. Two priority interventions emerge from this study: (1) family-friendly policies and facilities that are supportive of women's roles as wives and mothers and (2) fostering broader linkages and networks for women in STEM, including ensuring mentoring and supervisory support that is tailored to their specific needs and circumstances.
Quelle: Universities as political institutions. Higher education institutions in the middle of academic, economic and social pressures. Leasa Weimer (Hrsg.), Terhi Nokkala (Hrsg.), Leiden; Boston: Brill Sense. 2020, S 262–286
Inhalt: The probability of reaching a permanent academic position is strongly gendered in most if not all higher education systems. Though a widely studied phenomenon, few studies problematise the way national contexts – both academic and non-academic – that shape employment structures and national gender regimes are interpreted by individual academics, and frame their career strategies and the ways of subjectively coping with the norms of academic careers. Aiming to fill this research gap, this chapter compares the subjective representations of early career academics in terms of career expectation and articulation between professional and private sphere in two contrasted national contexts; Finland and Switzerland. Focusing especially on international mobility, the paper aims to reveal how national polities matter to understand young academics’ strategies and how these strategies are shaped – or not – by gender relationships in the era of the so called ‘internationalisation’ of academic labour markets and the norm of the academic staff mobility.
Schlagwörter:Finnland; Gender; Geschlechterungleichheit; international academic mobility; Mobilität; Schweiz; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs; young academics
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Europa und Internationales, Geschlechterverhältnis
Everyday sexism and racism in the ivory tower: The experiences of early career researchers on the intersection of gender and ethnicity in the academic workplace
Autor/in:
Bourabain, Dounia
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2020)
Inhalt: The academic workplace is often described as a place of merit and equal opportunities. However, research shows a leaky pipeline where the share of women and people of color decreases in the higher echelons of academia. Explanations are often structural, referring to the access barriers women are confronted with, such as hiring and recruitment. This research investigates what goes wrong in the early phases of a female academic's career. From an intersectional perspective, I study the experiences with everyday sexism and racism of PhD and postdoctoral researchers across disciplines. After conducting 50 in‐depth interviews, four processes are discovered: smokescreen of equality, everyday cloning, patronization, and paternalism.
Gendered strategies of mobility and academic career
Autor/in:
Nikunen, Minna; Lempiäinen, Kirsti
Quelle: Gender and Education, 32 (2020) 4, S 554–571
Inhalt: In universities, being mobile and international has become ever more important for academics’ career prospects. This article explores junior and other insecurely employed researchers’ experiences of geographical mobility in relation to their personal life, career, employability and value as scholars. The aim is to discover the gendered strategies researchers use to combine mobility with intimate relations and personal life. Furthermore, what gendered ideas of mobility, employability and career success do researchers themselves construct? These aspects of mobility, particularly focused on gender, are analysed in three cases: Finland, Italy and the United Kingdom. These states are all (currently) members of the European Union and have implemented its internationalisation policies. The data consists of qualitative interviews gathered in 2009 and 2010. We suggest that the value and capital of academic labour are evaluated differently in the three different locations. Additionally, gender, age, academic age and life situation motivate different mobility strategies.
Gender and Race Intersectional Effects in the U.S. Engineering Workforce : Who Stays? Who Leaves?
Autor/in:
Tao, Yu; McNeely, Connie L.
Quelle: GST (International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology), 11 (2019) 1, S 181–202
Inhalt: In many countries, engineering remains a field in which women are highly underrepresented, raising questions not only of equal access, but also of underutilized and wasted potential in engineering talent. The United States is one such country, with women representing only 15% of the engineering workforce. Moreover, even if initially entering the field, women in the United States are more likely than men to leave engineering altogether. This study further analyzes this situation, recognizing that women are a demographically varied group and questioning how differences among them might be reflected in engineering participation outcomes. Emphasizing race and gender, and employing logit regression and marginal effects tests, it considers intersectional configurations to examine probabilities of staying and working in engineering occupations among recipients of engineering degrees. Different gendered patterns are revealed for working in engineering among Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, African Americans, and White Americans. Moreover, gender and race groups present varying retention rates in engineering occupations over time. Findings also confirm inter- and intra-group gender and racial/ethnic differences and disparities that would not have been revealed without attention to intersectional effects on participation in engineering fields.
Karrierehindernis Geschlecht? : Zum Verbleib von Frauen in der Hochschulmedizin
Autor/in:
Hendrix, Ulla; Mauer, Heike; Niegel, Jennifer
Quelle: GENDER (GENDER – Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft), 11 (2019) 1-2019, S 47–62
Inhalt: Dieser Beitrag untersucht, warum Frauen nur selten Professorinnen in der Hochschulmedizin werden, obwohl Medizinstudentinnen mittlerweile deutlich in der Mehrheit sind. Anhand einer Online-Befragung von Assistenzärzt_innen sowie von Interviews mit Akteur_innen in Schlüsselpositionen der Universitätskliniken und medizinischen Fakultäten in NRW werden zwei zentrale Erklärungsansätze aus dem Feld herausgearbeitet: die Annahme, dass die mangelnde Vereinbarkeit von Hochschulmedizin und Familie für den geringen Frauenanteil auf den Professuren verantwortlich ist (1), sowie die Vermutung, dass Frauen wissenschaftliche Karriereambitionen durch falsche Strategien nicht realisieren können (2). Beide Erklärungsansätze operieren jedoch mit essentialistischen Geschlechterbildern, die für die Aufrechterhaltung ungleicher Geschlechterverhältnisse in der Hochschulmedizin zentral sind.
Grant Allocation Disparities from a Gender Perspective : Literature Review - Synthesis Report GRANteD Project D.1.1.
Autor/in:
Crus Castro, Laura; Sanz-Menéndez, Luis
Quelle: CSIC Institute of Public Goods and Policies; Madrid, 2019.
Inhalt: The purpose of this review is to provide the GRANteD project with robust analytical approaches and methodological insights that take into account the state of the art, but it also acknowledges and aims to overcome the main shortcomings and point out the gaps of the existing literature; it is also our contention that knowledge could be used to improve and refine, and also to strengthen, gender equality policies and the management of diversity in teams and research institutions. The substantive focus of the literature review refers to the central event of the “allocation of grants by means of peer review evaluation, observed as a process and an outcome”. We also consider “the impact of grants in career advancement in the context of hiring and promotion decisions”. However we can learn significantly from other areas in which gender research have made significant contributions, like occupation segregation, discrimination, stereotypes, etc.