Die gesundheitliche Lage von lesbischen, schwulen, bisexuellen sowie trans- und intergeschlechtlichen Menschen
Titelübersetzung:The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people
Autor/in:
Pöge, Kathleen; Dennert, Gabriele; Koppe, Uwe; Güldenring, Annette; Matthigack, Ev B.; Rommel, Alexander
Quelle: Journal of Health Monitoring, 5 (2020) S1, S 1-30
Inhalt: Geschlechter, sexuelle Orientierungen und die damit verbundenen Lebensweisen sind heterogen. Inwieweit Menschen ihr Geschlecht, ihre Sexualität und ihre Lebensform selbstbestimmt und frei leben können, und mit welchen gesellschaftlichen Ressourcen, Teilhabechancen und Diskriminierungen dies verbunden ist, beeinflusst ihre Lebenslagen und damit auch ihre gesundheitliche Situation. Es wurde ein narratives Review zur gesundheitlichen Situation von lesbischen, schwulen, bisexuellen, trans- und intergeschlechtlichen Personen (LSBTI) durchgeführt und dazu internationale und deutsche Reviews, Metaanalysen und bevölkerungsbezogene Studien herangezogen. Der Beitrag beschreibt schlaglichtartig den Stand der rechtlichen, gesellschaftlichen und medizinischen Anerkennung in Deutschland sowie die gesundheitliche Lage von LSBTI-Personen. Die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland haben sich für homo- und bisexuelle Menschen schrittweise verbessert, während für trans- und intergeschlechtliche Personen aus Sicht vieler Akteur*innen bezüglich sowohl der medizinischen als auch rechtlichen Anerkennung noch große Defizite bestehen und wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse noch ungenügend Eingang in die medizinische Praxis gefunden haben. Die verfügbaren Daten zur gesundheitlichen Situation von LSBTI-Personen verweisen auf Handlungsbedarfe im Bereich der psychischen Gesundheit und der Gesundheitsversorgung. Die Datenlage ist jedoch sehr lückenhaft und lässt kaum Aussagen über die allgemeine gesundheitliche Lage und über gesundheitliche Ressourcen von LSBTI-Personen zu. Für die konkrete Planung und Umsetzung von Maßnahmen und die differenzierte Beschreibung der Situation in Deutschland bedarf es eines Ausbaus der Datengrundlagen, nicht zuletzt auch in bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Erhebungen.
Schlagwörter:Gesundheit; health; gender; Transsexualität; transsexualism; sexuelle Orientierung; sexual orientation; Homosexualität; homosexuality; Bisexualität; bisexuality; Gesellschaft; society; Gesundheitszustand; health status; Gesundheitsversorgung; health care; Lebensweise; way of life; Sexualität; sexuality; Diskriminierung; discrimination; rechtliche Faktoren; legal factors; Menschenrechte; human rights; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; medizinische Faktoren; medical factors; psychische Gesundheit; mental health; Gesundheitsförderung; health promotion; SOEP; SOEP; Mikrozensus; microcensus; Federal Republic of Germany; Intergeschlechtlichkeit; Transgeschlechtlichkeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Medizinsoziologie
Unsichtbare Arbeit: geschlechtersoziologische Perspektiven auf Verfestigungen und Neuverhandlungen von Ungleichheiten am Beispiel von Digitalisierung, körpernahen Dienstleistungen und der Corona-Pandemie
Titelübersetzung:Invisible Work: stabilization and re-negotiation of inequality in the fields of digital work, body work and in light of the Covid-19 pandemic - a sociology of gender perspective
Autor/in:
Carstensen, Tanja; Klein, Isabel
Quelle: AIS-Studien, 13 (2020) 2, S 61-77
Inhalt: Die Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung hat bereits in den 1970er Jahren herausgearbeitet, dass sich das Verhältnis von Arbeit und Geschlecht entlang der Achse Sichtbarkeit/Unsichtbarkeit konstituiert. Die Un/Sichtbarkeit von Arbeit ist grundlegend für die Hervorbringung von Geschlechterungleichheiten, sowohl in Erwerbsarbeit als auch in (unbezahlter) Reproduktionsarbeit. Gleichzeitig wird die Grenze zwischen beiden immer wieder neu verhandelt. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert dieses Verhältnis und untersucht am Beispiel von Digitalisierung, körpernahen Dienstleistungen und der Corona-Pandemie, wie sich durch aktuelle Veränderungen das Verhältnis von Arbeit, Geschlecht und Unsichtbarkeit neu konstituiert und differenziert. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass Unsichtbarkeit als analytische Kategorie in der Erforschung von Arbeit und Geschlechterverhältnissen den Blick auf historische Kontinuitäten genauso wie auf Grenzverschiebungen und Neuaushandlungen schärfen kann.
Schlagwörter:gender-specific factors; gender; woman; berufstätige Frau; working woman; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Digitalisierung; digitalization; Dienstleistungsarbeit; service work; Epidemie; epidemic; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; COVID-19; Coronavirus
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen
The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people
Titelübersetzung:Die gesundheitliche Lage von lesbischen, schwulen, bisexuellen sowie trans- und intergeschlechtlichen Menschen
Autor/in:
Pöge, Kathleen; Dennert, Gabriele; Koppe, Uwe; Güldenring, Annette; Matthigack, Ev B.; Rommel, Alexander
Quelle: Journal of Health Monitoring, 5 (2020) S1, S 1-27
Inhalt: Sex, gender and sexual orientation are diverse, as are the ways of living associated with them. The extent to which people can live a free and self-determined life according to their own body, gender, sexuality and way of life influences their social resources, opportunities for participation and discrimination and has an influence on their life situation and health. A narrative review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) health was conducted including international and German reviews, meta-analyses and population-based studies. The focus of this article is the legal, social and medical recognition as well as health status of LGBTI people in Germany. While the legal framework in Germany for homosexual and bisexual people has gradually improved, many civil society stakeholders have pointed to major deficits in the medical and legal recognition of transgender and intersex people. In addition, scientific findings frequently have not yet found its way into medical practice to an adequate extent. Available data on LGBTI health indicate a need for action in the areas of mental health and health care provision. However, due to a lack of comprehensive data, conclusions cannot be drawn on the general health situation and health resources of LGBTI people. For the concrete planning and implementation of measures as well as the differentiated portrayal of the situation in Germany, the databases must be expanded, not least via population-representative surveys.
Schlagwörter:Gesundheit; health; gender; Transsexualität; transsexualism; sexuelle Orientierung; sexual orientation; Homosexualität; homosexuality; Bisexualität; bisexuality; Gesellschaft; society; Gesundheitszustand; health status; Gesundheitsversorgung; health care; Lebensweise; way of life; Sexualität; sexuality; Diskriminierung; discrimination; rechtliche Faktoren; legal factors; Menschenrechte; human rights; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; medizinische Faktoren; medical factors; psychische Gesundheit; mental health; Gesundheitsförderung; health promotion; SOEP; SOEP; Mikrozensus; microcensus; Federal Republic of Germany; sex and gender; intersex; transgender
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Medizinsoziologie
Running as a woman (or man): a review of research on political communicators and gender stereotypes
Autor/in:
Winfrey, Kelly L.; Schnoebelen, James M.
Quelle: Review of Communication Research, 7 (2019) , S 109-138
Inhalt: Women gained the right to vote nearly 100 years ago, but it was not until 1980 that political scholars and practitioners began paying much attention to the role of women in elections. Twelve years later it was the so-called "Year of the Woman" in 1992 that sparked increased scholarly attention on women as political communicators. A record number of women, 117, ran for the U.S. Congress in 1992, but the number of women running and serving has been slow to increases since that time. One reason may be the unique challenges gender poses for female political communicators. Over three decades of research has proven gender stereotypes and expectations play a key role in how women (and men) communicate with voters. This review of research summarizes major findings and changes in gender and political communication research over the past three decades. Our focus is on communication by candidates and how gender shapes that communication. In all, 133 scholarly sources were reviewed; these sources included scholarly journals from related disciplines as well as books using quantitative, qualitative, and rhetorical methods. Our analysis demonstrates that gender stereotypes are still prevalent in American political campaigns, and women candidates must work to overcome the belief that they are not masculine enough to be political leaders. Additionally this review reveals two common strategies candidates use to negotiate gender stereotypes: feminine style and gender adaptiveness. We conclude that more research is needed to better understand how candidates navigate gender stereotypes in the 21st century, particularly in political debates and online communication.
Schlagwörter:gender studies; Politik; suffrage; political communication; communication research; Präsidentschaftswahl; Kampagne; politische Kommunikation; Wahlrecht; Wahl; campaign; gender; Stereotyp; Kommunikationsforschung; election; Gender; Kandidatur; stereotype; woman; Geschlechterforschung; politics; presidential election; candidacy; femininer Stil
SSOAR Kategorie:Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Quelle: Media and Communication, 7 (2019) 1, S 1-3
Inhalt: This editorial delivers an introduction to the Media and Communication thematic issue on "Communicating on/with Minorities" around the world. This thematic issue presents a multidisciplinary look at the field of communicating on and with different members of minority groups who, based on gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or a background in migration, experience relative disadvantage and marginalization compared to the dominant social group. The contributors to this thematic issue present a variety of professional contexts (i.e., portrayals in journalistic content, in fiction and non-fiction audiovisual content, on social media platforms and in health care). Taken together, the contributions examine various theoretical angles, thereby adopting new research directions through the use of quantitative, qualitative or mixed methodologies.
SSOAR Kategorie:interpersonelle Kommunikation, soziale Probleme, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Representation of women in the news: balancing between career and family life
Autor/in:
Vandenberghe, Hanne
Quelle: Media and Communication, 7 (2019) 1, S 4-12
Inhalt: An in-depth literature review showed that women, despite their increasingly prominent roles worldwide, continue to be persistently underrepresented and stereotyped in news media. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which the representation of women changed over time in two Dutch-speaking Belgian newspapers De Standaard and Het Laatste Nieuws. An automated quantitative content analysis revealed that there is no increase of the number of women in the newspapers between 2005 and 2015. On the contrary, women are significantly less represented over time in the popular newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws. A qualitative analysis on two cases about women stepping into a leadership position -in 2012 (Catherine De Bolle as head of the Federal police) and in 2014 (Dominique Leroy as CEO of a Belgian telecom company)- showed that the press emphasised their femininity, their being a role model for other women, their being part of a family and having certain looks. Moreover, these women are clearly portrayed as "the best candidate" pointing at the selection procedures and their capabilities to perform professionally. Probably, this strong emphasis is a way of justifying that these women are not selected because of positive discrimination. Further analysis of cases of both men and women stepping into top positions across countries and media platforms is recommended.
Inhalt: In this article, we draw a parallel between equality of opportunity in educational transitions and equality of opportunity in academic careers. In both cases, many methodological problems can be ameliorated by the use of longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data. We illustrate this point by using Finnish full-population register data to follow the educational and academic careers of the 1964-1966 birth cohorts from birth to the present day. We show how the Finnish professoriate is highly selected both in terms of parental background and in terms of gender. Individuals of different backgrounds differ greatly in the likelihood of completing different educational and academic transitions, but much less in the age at which they make these transitions. By contrast, women’s academic careers differ from those of men both in terms of timing and in terms of rates, with women’s PhDs and full professorships seemingly delayed compared to those of men. We additionally show with the help of a 2015 cross-section of Finnish professors how such differences are easily overlooked in cross-sectional data.
Schlagwörter:Bildung; academic (female); gender; Akademikerin; education; Chancengleichheit; Hochschulbildung; academy; Gender; equality of rights; Akademie; Karriere; Finland; woman; Gleichberechtigung; Akademiker; equal opportunity; Finnland; career; university level of education; academic
SSOAR Kategorie:Wissenschaftssoziologie, Wissenschaftsforschung, Technikforschung, Techniksoziologie, Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Representation of women in the news: balancing between career and family life
Autor/in:
Vandenberghe, Hanne
Quelle: Media and Communication, 7 (2019) 1, S 4-12
Inhalt: An in-depth literature review showed that women, despite their increasingly prominent roles worldwide, continue to be persistently underrepresented and stereotyped in news media. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which the representation of women changed over time in two Dutch-speaking Belgian newspapers De Standaard and Het Laatste Nieuws. An automated quantitative content analysis revealed that there is no increase of the number of women in the newspapers between 2005 and 2015. On the contrary, women are significantly less represented over time in the popular newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws. A qualitative analysis on two cases about women stepping into a leadership position -in 2012 (Catherine De Bolle as head of the Federal police) and in 2014 (Dominique Leroy as CEO of a Belgian telecom company)- showed that the press emphasised their femininity, their being a role model for other women, their being part of a family and having certain looks. Moreover, these women are clearly portrayed as "the best candidate" pointing at the selection procedures and their capabilities to perform professionally. Probably, this strong emphasis is a way of justifying that these women are not selected because of positive discrimination. Further analysis of cases of both men and women stepping into top positions across countries and media platforms is recommended.
Gender-Gap in der politischen Partizipation und Repräsentation: Ein internationaler Vergleich und die Situation von Frauen in der österreichischen Kommunalpolitik
Autor/in:
Dörfler, Sonja; Kaindl, Markus
Quelle: Österreichisches Institut für Familienforschung an der Universität Wien; Wien (Forschungsbericht / Österreichisches Institut für Familienforschung an der Universität Wien, 31), 2019. 164 S
Inhalt: Diese Studie untersucht, wie sich der Gender-Gap bei der Politikpartizipation und politischen Repräsentation in Österreich im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern entwickelt hat und welche Faktoren die Teilhabechancen von Frauen beeinflussen. Dafür wurden Verwaltungsdaten analysiert und Auswertungen des European Social Survey angestellt, um Veränderungen in Einstellungen und Verhalten abzubilden. Neben einer Literaturanalyse werden Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Erhebung unter österreichischen Kommunalpolitikerinnen präsentiert, die über ihre Erfahrungen und ihren Weg in die Politik erzählten.
Schlagwörter:gender; Repräsentation; Austria; international comparison; Gender; Österreich; woman; political participation; internationaler Vergleich; Biographie; representation; biography; local politics; politische Partizipation; Kommunalpolitik
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Faith-based organisations as welfare providers in Brazil: the conflict over gender in cases of domestic violence
Autor/in:
Beecheno, Kim
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 7 (2019) 2, S 14-23
Inhalt: What does the growth of faith-based organisations (FBOs) in social welfare mean for women’s rights and gender equality, especially within advocacy services for women experiencing domestic violence? Through empirical research within a Catholic-based organisation providing welfare services to abused women in São Paulo, Brazil, this article argues that FBOs can negatively impact the provision of women's rights when conservative and patriarchal views towards gender and women’s roles in society are maintained. A heavily matrifocal perspective, where women’s identity and subjectivity are mediated through their normative roles as wives, mothers and carers of the family, appears to offer little possibility of change for abused women, who are encouraged to forgive violent husbands and question their own behaviour. Mediation between couples is promoted, undermining women's rights upheld through Brazil's domestic violence law (Lei Maria da Penha no 11.340). Furthermore, the focus of family preservation, supported by a patriarchal state, means that violence against women (VAW) appears to be subordinated to a focus on family violence and violence against children. In this case, faith-based involvement in social welfare rejects the feminist analysis of VAW as a gender-based problem, viewing it as a personal issue rather than a collective or political issue, making women responsible for the violence in their lives.