She figures 2003 : women and science - statistics and indicators
Herausgeber/in:
Generaldirektion Forschung Direktion L Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Europäische Kommission
Quelle: Generaldirektion Forschung Direktion L Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Europäische Kommission; Luxembourg: Amt f. amtl. Veröff. d. Europ. Gemeinschaften (She figures), 2003. 114 S.
Frauen in den ingenieur- und naturwissenschaftlichen Studiengängen : Bericht der BLK vom 2. Mai 2002
Herausgeber/in:
Bund-Länder-Kommission für Bildungsplanung und Forschungsförderung
Quelle: Bund-Länder-Kommission für Bildungsplanung und Forschungsförderung; Bonn (Materialien zur Bildungsplanung und zur Forschungsförderung, H. 100), 2002. 143 S.
Quelle: Institut für Politikwissenschaft, FB 06 Erziehungswissenschaft und Sozialwissenschaften, Universität Münster; Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network), 2002. 88 S.
Inhalt: "The present paper consists of a statistical analysis of the situation of women in academia in Poland. It will bring to completion a first training paper published in the framework of the Women in European Universities Network. That first paper aimed to present an overview of the Polish education system by focusing on current mutations (marketisation, financial reform, ) and career track. The paper stressed the following main facts: that the private sector is becoming more and more important, that the increase in the number of students was not followed by a similar increase in the number of academic staff, that Polish academia is, on a European scale, quite feminised, but that women are rare in the top-ranking positions. Moreover, the economic transformation led to a drop in the living standards of academic staff, whereas at the same time there appeared new opportunities in the private sector. The brain drain from the public to the private sector was mostly a male affair. So one could also analyse the above-mentioned feminisation from a very pessimistic perspective - according to Renata Siemienska (2000), women should be regarded as 'winners among losers'. In this second training paper we will analyse the current situation of women in academia and the evolution of the proportion of women among students and professors since the 70's. This study presents figures at the national and institutional level and is mainly based on data collected by the Central Office of Statistics (GUS). The aim is to clarify the impact of recent transformations on the situation of women in academia, and above all to enlighten the mechanism of the glass ceiling. This part of the research in progress allows us to sort higher education institutions according to the proportion of women among professors, and the feminisation process in general. These proportions could be regarded as indications of best and worse practices and thus help us to define a sample for the forthcoming case studies. Besides that, on the basis of problems we faced in collecting and analysing the data, we will propose some recommendations aiming at improving the gender sensitivity of Polish data. All the results presented in this paper must be regarded as hypotheses that will be subject to further analysis through a questionnaire survey and case studies. The paper is divided into four parts. The first deals with the quality of data available, the second proposes an overview of the women's situation in studentship, the third part will be dedicated to an analysis of the body of professors and the last part to the verification of common hypotheses concerning the structural determination of feminisation in academia." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Statistik; Wissenschaftler; Akademikerin; Polen; postsozialistisches Land
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Hochschulen, Statistik und statistische Daten
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Women's employment in the sciences in Europe
Autor/in:
Glover, Judith
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 363-375
Inhalt: "The current situation of women in scientific education and employment in European Union and applicant countries shows patterns of vertical and horizontal segregation. Yet the data that underpin these analyses are patchy, and despite some efforts to reuse available data, there is a clear need for new data, an effort that is gathering momentum in the European Commission (EC) and other pan-European bodies. However, new data collection requires major resourcing and for this to happen, various actors need to be convinced that the 'women and science problem' matters. Various arguments can be found in the literature about why the issue is seen to matter, and here, the author focuses particularly on a recent rationale in the EC, the 'science and society' perspective. However, if women, as agents, persist in retreating from science, the reasons behind the phenomena shown up in the available data need to be much more closely examined, in terms of the structures and institutions of scientific education and employment." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Statistik und statistische Daten
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Women in higher education in Europe : a statistical overview
Autor/in:
Mischau, Anina
Quelle: International journal of sociology and social policy, Vol. 21 (2001) No. 1/2, S. 20-31
Inhalt: "Looking back it becomes obvious that in most European countries (and this is true
for non-European countries too) the world of academia was a purely male world. Access
to higher education was restricted exclusively to men, and faculties at the universities
were completely dominated by men. For a long time women described the development
of universities and the situation of women in higher education as a history of discrimination
and conscious exclusion of women by men. Nowadays, academia is not a male world anymore.
Nevertheless, we still discover inequality between men and women in higher education.
The following paper is focused on questions like: How does the situation of women
at universities look like in Europe? What does inequality mean today? How has this
situation changed in recent years? Which national measures to improve the situation
of women have been initiated in recent years, and have they proved to be successful?
As an overview, some of these questions should be answered in a comparative way for
selected countries in Europe. At certain points some remarks will be given on the
situation in Germany, the country from which the author comes and the structure and
development she knows best." (author's abstract)|
Higher education in Sweden : between 'rolling reforms' and stable patterns
Autor/in:
Schenk, Anett
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/02), 2001. 62 S.
Inhalt: "Both gender equality and education policy are important priorities on the political agenda in Europe. The Research and Training Network 'Women in European Universities' focuses on higher education and women's career-perspectives in systems of higher education of seven European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). The main focus of the project is to explore the 'glass-ceiling' that women meet when they chose a career in academia and strive for top rank positions such as professorships. As a first step in our research, it is important to understand the different systems of higher education, as well as recent changes and challenges to women in academia. This contextual analysis is one result of the first phase of the research project and shall provide information about the Swedish system of higher education. The Swedish system of higher education underwent fundamental changes in both organisational form and ideological practice during the last thirty years. Especially the three reforms in the 90's gave the higher education system in Sweden a new face: They gave more weight to management structures, fixed-term contracts and focused more on an Anglo-American model of higher education than on the 'old' Humboldtian model. The reforms brought important changes for the Swedish system of higher education, but certain patterns remain untouched. One can still find the 'hidden binary system' within university colleges representing institutions to undergraduate education and universities that offer post-graduate education and research. And to a certain extent, this builds the ground for the remaining persistence of sex-specific divisions in both fields of study and different posts on the academic career ladder." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Schweden; Hochschullehrerin; Hochschulwesen; Reform; Hochschulbildung; Frauenförderung; Studentin; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen, Statistik und statistische Daten
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/01), 2001. 71 S.
Inhalt: "Although there is continuous progress towards gender equity within the Higher Education (HE) sector in Europe, when it comes to positions of authority women academics still face the reality of either the 'glass-ceiling', preventing them getting to the top, or the 'stone floor', keeping them at the bottom. The scientific aim of The European Research Training Network 'Women in European Universities' (WEU), sponsored by the European Commission, is not only to assess the professional status of women in academia, still one of the fields of social inequality, but also to analyse the main reasons for women's under-representation in top rank positions in European Universities. It seems essential in understanding such a study to have in mind a clear picture of the systems of HE in each of the participant countries, (Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom), and that is the purpose of this 'Contextual Analysis'. The main aim of this training paper is to provide an overview of the United Kingdom's national system of education, with special emphasis on the HE sector, as a first step in our attempt to identify 'best practices', which later will contribute to a comparative analysis among the seven countries. The paper is divided into five main sections. After a brief historical introduction, a description of the structure of the education system is provided, with the main focus on Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), legal status, management and funding. The objective of the research project is to detect possible barriers and/ or 'women friendly' measures, within the educational system, since they might influence women's career pattern. Thus, the second section focuses on the description of the qualifications needed to be grade for a research or teaching position in a HEI. To shed further light on the topic, the current issues of the political debate are identified and specific trends towards marketisation and commercialisation emphasised. Although a further statistical analysis will be provided in the next training paper, to round out the paper and enhance the picture given, some figures are provided through the paper and in section four. Finally the conclusion highlights some strengths and weaknesses within the HE system in the United Kingdom (UK) which we expect to be of decisive significance for the subsequent research papers of the project." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Hochschulwesen; internationaler Vergleich; Großbritannien; Hochschulbildung; Bildungswesen; Hochschulpolitik; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Wissenschaftspolitik, Statistik und statistische Daten
Female engineering faculty at U.S. institutions : a data profile
Herausgeber/in:
National Research Council -NRC- Committee on Women in Science and Engineering -CWSE-
Quelle: National Research Council -NRC- Committee on Women in Science and Engineering -CWSE-; Washington, 2001. 56 S.
Inhalt: Several federal agencies asked the National Research Council to document the participation of women engineers in academic institutions within the United States by creating a directory that can be used to announce programs and other formal communications. In response, the NRC compiled a list of approximately 1,300 women faculty in engineering departments in the United States and conducted a survey to gather additional information about their status and careers. This resulting databook provides information on the race/ethnicity, degrees held, employment history, primary work activities, and tenure status of the nearly 800 women faculty members who completed the survey. In addition, it summarizes their responses to questions about experiences with mentoring, factors contributing to career decisions, and satisfaction with current employment.