The Long Good-Bye? Tarifvertragliche Arbeitszeitregulierung und gesellschaftlicher Arbeitszeitstandard
Titelübersetzung:The Long Good-Bye? Collective bargaining and future of social standards on working-time
Autor/in:
Lehndorff, Steffen
Quelle: Industrielle Beziehungen : Zeitschrift für Arbeit, Organisation und Management, 10 (2003) 2, S 273-295
Inhalt: "Die dem deutschen Tarifvertragssystem vielfach attestierten Erosionserscheinungen veranlassen zu der Frage, ob die Arbeitszeitregulierung allmählich ihre Funktion einbüßen wird, Branchenstandards zu setzen und darüber hinaus auch allgemeine gesellschaftliche Arbeitszeitnormen zu prägen. Anhaltspunkte für eine solche Vermutung bieten Anzeichen einer Verlängerung und Ausdifferenzierung der Arbeitszeiten von Vollzeitkräften seit Mitte der 90er Jahre. In dem Artikel wird die These vertreten, dass in Verbindung mit neuen Formen der Arbeitsorganisation und der Veränderung der Qualifikationsstrukturen hierin erste Vorboten eines längerfristigen Funktionswandels von Arbeitszeitregulierung erblickt werden können. Eine solche Entwicklung ist jedoch nicht alternativlos. Die inneren Widersprüche 'marktgesteuerter' Arbeit und die konfliktreiche Herausbildung egalitärer Erwerbsstrukturen von Männern und Frauen bieten auch neue Interessenkonstellationen und Ansatzpunkte für Reform und Erneuerung der tarifvertraglichen Arbeitszeitregulierung." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "It is widely accepted that collective bargaining in Germany is suffering the symptoms of what is called an 'erosion' of the system. It may be asked, therefore, if collective bargaining is also losing its long-established strength both to set industry standards and influence social norms on working-time. There is evidence of a rise in average working hours and a growing dispersion of working-time between different categories of employees during the 1990s which support this view. Moreover, given the changes in work organisation and the rise in qualification levels, we may be witnessing the harbingers of a gradual alteration in the functioning of the system of collective bargaining over working-time. However, there may be alternative routes of change. In the paper it is argued that the contradictions between the 'governance by markets' in work organisation and the long-term trends towards egalitarian employment structures of men and women may give rise to reforms of the system of collective bargaining over working-time which help to re-establish its standard-setting potential." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Tarifvertrag; collective agreement; Arbeitszeit; working hours; Arbeitszeitpolitik; policy on working hours; Federal Republic of Germany; berufstätige Frau; working woman; Arbeitszeitflexibilität; working time flexibility
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Wirtschaftssoziologie, Arbeitswelt
Sustainable work - and women? Pleading for gender-sensitive socio-ecological research
Autor/in:
Littig, Beate
Quelle: Work, Employment and Society, 16 (2002) 1, S 111-132
Inhalt: This article deals with the emerging discourse on sustainable work, which has been triggered by the ecologically initiated discussions on sustainable development. It gives a critical overview of the most important approaches to this subject from a feminist perspective. From a feminist point of view many of the current concepts of 'sustainable society' and 'sustainable work' have several deficiencies. The main point of criticism is that these approaches do not consider gender differences appropriately, especially with regard to the gendered division of work. Feminist approaches to the sustainable redefinition of work, on the other hand, tend to be essentialist and therefore have to be looked upon critically, too. Trying to escape both of these pitfalls, the author suggests a gender-sensitive socio-ecological approach to the complex field of sustainable work. This approach views socio-ecological problems as gendered problems and appreciates a transdisciplinary access to questions of sustainable development.
Gender Differences among Economically Active University Graduates
Autor/in:
Cermakova, Marie
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 7 (1999) 2, S 127-144
Inhalt: Data from a project titled 'Men and Women University Graduates' & other available statistical data are drawn on to explore areas of difference in the positions of men & women with university degrees in Czech society, focusing on their position in the labor market in terms of salary differences & attitudes to performance & career. It is hypothesized that the continuing gender differences between graduates cannot be attributed to the nature of the female workforce. The secondary position of these women on the labor market is due to noneconomic factors. Topics include the existing guarantees for equality of men & women in Czech society, the double standard of university qualifications, the link between the university-educated female labor force & the female sectors of the labor market, the 'unclear identity' of women graduates, & the low level of emotional support from these women's social surroundings. Also considered are the individualized, personalized ways of creating a social position that are used by women graduates on the market or in their career, highlighting the fact that these approaches are both risky & ineffective in the search for equal status or the implementation of equal opportunities policies.
Schlagwörter:Czech Republic; Sex Differences; College Graduates; Labor Force Participation; Labor Market Segmentation; Sexual Inequality; Education Work Relationship
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 7 (1999) 2, S 179-194
Inhalt: Presents results of the 1998 research project 'The Status of Women & Men in the Czech Republic' (N = 1,000 respondents ages 20-60), inspired by the need to obtain information on the circumstances of enforcement of European Union (EU) legislation on equal opportunities in the Czech Republic in connection with its application for EU membership. The public perception & consciousness of equal opportunities are investigated in terms of pay, access to employment, promotion, & vocational training, as well as legal knowledge concerning employment. Reconciling family & working life is the crucial problem in the Czech Republic, as in other countries. It can be understood as a result of both modernization & the special national situation that has resulted from the social & economic transition. Comparison of conditions of women's employment with their professional expectations & satisfaction reveals the social determination of these, as well as some stereotypes in understanding men's & women's roles that influence women's position in the labor market.
Schlagwörter:Labor Force Participation; Working Women; Females; Czech Republic; Compliance; Employment Opportunities; Family Work Relationship; Legislation; Labor Policy; Europe; Sex Stereotypes; Working Mothers
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Frauen sind anders - und das macht Angst: zur Kritik des arbeitswissenschaftlichen Frauenbildes am Beispiel Menstruation
Titelübersetzung:Women are different - and that is frightening: the criticism of the ergonomic image of women shown with the example of menstruation
Autor/in:
Krell, Gertraude
Quelle: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, 7 (1983) 2/3, S 7-23
Inhalt: Es geht um Auffassungen über die verminderte Leistungsfähigkeit der Frau aufgrund der Menstruation. Die Darstellung beruht auf der Analyse vorhandener Literatur der Bereiche Arbeitsphysiologie, -medizin, Arbeits- und Betriebspsychologie und -soziologie. Durch überwiegend auf negative Auswirkungen der Menstruation zielende Untersuchungen wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem menstruellen Zyklus und dem Nachlassen physischer Leistungsfähigkeit und der Zunahme psychischer Aggressivität festgestellt. Die Autorin vergleicht diese Darstellung mit der Verteufelung der Frau zur Zeit der Hexenverfolgung und schließt daraus, daß diese Diskriminierung von und Gewalt gegen Frauen als Abwehr der Männer aus Angst vor ihren eigenen weiblichen Veranlagungen interpretiert werden kann. (HD)
"Neue Arbeitszeitpolitik" - schlechte Zeiten für Frauen
Autor/in:
Rudolph, Hedwig
Quelle: Prokla : Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft, 12 (1982) 4, S 90-98
Schlagwörter:Arbeitszeitpolitik; policy on working hours; berufstätige Frau; working woman; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; Arbeitsmarkt; labor market; Sozialstaat; social welfare state; Patriarchat; patriarchy; Gewerkschaft; trade union; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; Arbeitszeitflexibilität; working time flexibility; Arbeitsorganisation; work organization
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen