What “blindness” to gender differences helps women see and do : Implications for confidence, agency, and action in male-dominated environments
Autor/in:
Martin, Ashley E.; Phillips, Katherine W.
Quelle: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 142 (2017) , S 28–44
Inhalt: The ways in which we discuss gender (embracing vs. downplaying difference) has implications for women’s workplace confidence and behavior, especially in male-dominated environments and positions of power. In five total studies (N = 1453), across a variety of samples, we found that gender-blindness—the belief that gender differences should be downplayed—is a more adaptive strategy for increasing female workplace confidence than gender-awareness—the belief that gender differences should be celebrated. In addition to increasing confidence, gender-blindness was related to actions necessary for reducing gender disparities (e.g., risk-taking, negotiation). We found that perceived gender differences in agency (i.e., assertiveness, independence) accounts for gender differences in workplace confidence, especially in male-dominated environments (e.g., business school) and positions of power (managerial positions). Finally, we found that gender-blindness either lessened or had no effect on men’s confidence, demonstrating the unique positive effect of gender-blindness on women’s confidence. Together, this research highlights the potential for downplaying differences, instead of emphasizing them, to combat the confidence gap.
What “blindness” to gender differences helps women see and do: Implications for confidence, agency, and action in male-dominated environments | Request PDF. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318863273_What_blindness_to_gender_differences_helps_women_see_and_do_Implications_for_confidence_agency_and_action_in_male-dominated_environments [accessed Aug 01 2018].
What makes them leave? : A path model of postdocs’ intentions to leave academia
Autor/in:
Dorenkamp, Isabelle; Weiß, Eva-Ellen
Quelle: High Educ (Higher Education), 44 (2017) 3, 634 S
Inhalt: A growing number of postdoctoral academics cite stressful working conditions for considering abandoning their studies and leaving the academic profession entirely before they obtain a tenured position. This paper identifies the mechanisms by which work stress influences postdocs’ intentions to leave academia. Based on Schaubroeck et al.’s (1989) stress-turnover-intention model, we propose a professional turnover-intention model that includes both the effort-reward imbalance model as a comprehensive measure of work stress and affective professional commitment. The research model is tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from 421 postdocs. The results show significant support for the hypothesized effects. In particular, a three-path-mediated effect is found from work stress to the intention to leave academia via strain and job satisfaction. Additional analyses reveal significant gender differences: The relationship between overcommitment and strain is stronger for female postdocs than it is for male postdocs, and the direct link between work stress and the intention to leave academia applies only to female postdocs. Further, job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between affective professional commitment and the intention to leave academia. Thus, we provide a model on an academics’ professional turnover intention that goes beyond previous research by incorporating two important mediators, strain and job satisfaction. We also confirm the relevance of affective professional commitment to professional turnover intentions in the realm of academia. Specific policy recommendations for retaining more postdocs in academia are given.
Quelle: ZögU Zeitschrift für öffentliche und gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen, 40 (2017) 2-3, S 177–198
Inhalt: Geschlechtsspezifische Vergütungsunterschiede werden auch bei Nonprofit-Organisationen vermutet. Daten aus einer Studie bei Führungskräften in deutschen Stiftungen, die 162 Vergütungsfälle von Hauptamtlichen umfasst, belegen, dass Frauen und Männer in Stiftungsvorständen und -geschäftsführungen bei gleichen Rahmenbedingungen und individuellen Merkmalen ungleich bezahlt und bei der Gehaltsbemessung nicht den gleichen Kriterien unterworfen werden. Bei Vorständen ist die geschlechtsspezifische Entgeltdiskriminierung ausgeprägt; Geschäftsführerinnen sind nicht betroffen.
Schlagwörter:Frauen in Führungspositionen; gender pay gap; Geschlechterdiskriminierung
Inhalt: Ob Forscherinnen und Forscher gerne ihre Daten anderen zur Verfügung stellen, hängt stark von persönlichen Eigenschaften ab, so eine aktuelle Studie des Leibniz-Forschungsverbundes Science 2.0.
Celibate women, the construction of identity, Karama (dignity), and the "Arab Spring"
Titelübersetzung:Zölibatär lebende Frauen, die Konstruktion von Identität, Karama (Würde) und der "Arabische Frühling"
Autor/in:
Labidi, Lilia
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 1, S 11-29
Inhalt: "Untersuchungen über den 'Arabischen Frühling“ tendieren dazu, die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Bedürfnisse Jugendlicher zu fokussieren, adressieren jedoch nicht ihre sozialpsychologischen Bedürfnisse, wie etwa den unerfüllten Heiratswunsch und dessen soziale Konsequenzen. Der Beitrag diskutiert den Fall zölibatär lebender Frauen in Tunesien, für die es aufgrund der hohen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit und daraus folgender Probleme schwierig ist, Übergangsrituale zu durchlaufen, die sie von der Kindheit ins Erwachsenendasein geleiten und ihnen die vollständige Integration in die Gemeinschaft ermöglichen würden. Um in ihrer durch den diktatorischen Staat dominierten Lebenswelt dennoch Selbstkontrolle zu erlangen, haben sie für sich eine Form der asketischen Lebensführung gewählt, indem sie den hijab tragen, den Koran lesen, das tägliche Fasten praktizieren und die hudud neu verhandeln - also die moralischen und rechtlichen Grenzen, die schon lang Gegenstand breiter Debatten und sozialer Reformen sind; gleichzeitig unterstützen sie die Frauenrechte, so wie sie in Tunesiens Familienrecht verankert sind. Der Beitrag widmet sich besonders dem hierauf bezogenen politischen Diskurs im ‚Arabischen Frühling‘ seit 2011 und dem Bemühen, eine 'moralische Persönlichkeit' zu entwickeln." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Studies of the 'Arab Spring' have tended to focus on the economic and political needs of youth, but have not addressed socio-psychological needs such as an unfulfilled desire for marriage and its social consequences. This article discusses the case of celibate women in Tunisia who, because of the high rate of youth unemployment and its social consequences, find it difficult to accomplish the rites of passage that would take them from childhood to adulthood and allow full integration into the community. In order to gain control over the self in a social context that was dominated by a dictatorial state, they have chosen a form of asceticism, wearing the hijab, reading the Qur'an, practicing daily fasting, and re-negotiating hudud - that is moral boundaries and legal limits that have long been a subject of wide debate and of social reforms; at the same time, they support women's rights as expressed in Tunisia's Personal Status Code. Particular attention is paid in this article to the political discourse after 2011 and efforts to construct a 'moral personality.'" (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Tunesien; Tunisia; woman; Ritual; ritual; Askese; asceticism; Lebensstil; life style; Religiosität; religiousness; Menschenrechte; human rights; Feminismus; feminism; Gleichheit; equality; Identität; identity; Emanzipation; emancipation; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; arabische Länder; Arab countries; Nordafrika; North Africa; Transformation; transformation; enthaltsame Frauen; Arabischer Frühling; Nahdha
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie
Interdisciplinary Matters: Doing Space while Doing Gender: Neue Perspektiven auf Materialität, Medialität und Temporalität ; Abschlusssymposium des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1599 am 28. und 29. Juli 2016 an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Titelübersetzung:Interdisciplinary Matters: Doing Space while Doing Gender: New Perspectives on Materiality, Mediality and Temporality ; Symposium of the DFG-Graduiertenkolleg 1599, Göttingen University, 28/29 July 2016
Autor/in:
Hettling, Gianna; Trostmann, Julian
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 1, S 154-159
Inhalt: "Im Abschlusssymposium des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1599 'Dynamiken von Raum und Geschlecht' der Universitäten Kassel und Göttingen stellten Promovierende des Kollegs ihre Projekte vor. Die vielfache Verwobenheit der Kategorien Raum und Geschlecht wurde in vier dimensionsfokussierten Panels aufgezeigt. Alle Beiträge der Tagung sind unter dem Motto 'Interdisciplinary Matters: Doing Space while Doing Gender' zu lokalisieren." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "PhD students presented their projects at a final symposium of the DFG Graduiertenkolleg 1599 'Dynamiken von Raum und Geschlecht' - a cooperation between the universities of Kassel and Göttingen. The multiple relationships between the categories of 'space' and 'gender' were presented in four panels and all the speeches focused on 'Interdisciplinary Matters: Doing Space while Doing Gender'." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal, 1 (2017) 2, S 45–60
Inhalt: Background: Despite the high incidence of estimated sexual assault on college campuses, underreporting is substantial and perpetuated by a culture of rape myths that are pervasive across college campuses and society in general.
Aim: The aim of this study was to: examine college student awareness of their own sexual assault victimization status, barriers to reporting, and the prevalence of substance use in sexual assault.
Method: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method survey sent to a universal sample of college students from two neighboring institutions of higher education (N=2,724).
Results: Results from this survey demonstrated a lack of understanding of what constitutes sexual assault, primarily attributed to the normalization of assault and rape myths. Regardless of victim status awareness, those who were victimized were significantly more likely to use higher levels of alcohol than non-victims, and were less likely to identify their victimization as sexual assault, highlighting the need for college students to understand that alcohol-involved sexual assault is still sexual assault.
Conclusions: Overwhelmingly, participants cited the potential consequences as far greater than any potential benefits to reporting sexual assault. Confusion about what constitutes sexual assault and uncertainty of available resources were also recognized as contributing factors in underreporting.
Schlagwörter:awareness; campus; rape culture; reporting; sexual assault; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Vergewaltigung/Missbrauch; victimization
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
