(Un)modelling Gender: Models zwischen Mode und Gesellschaft
Titelübersetzung:(Un)modelling gender: Models between fashion and society
Autor/in:
Giannone, Antonella
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 10 (2018) 3, S 54-69
Inhalt: Als Technology of Gender im Sinne von Teresa de Lauretis (1988) steht Modeln im Zeichen des kulturell konstruierten und gesellschaftlich ausgetragenen Weiblichen. Gerade im Kontext dieses geschlechtlich so deutlich markierten Handlungsraums werden gegenwärtig Genderstereotype dekonstruiert und Identitäten infrage gestellt. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert aus modetheoretischer Perspektive auf die kulturelle Rolle des Models. Er setzt sich mit der These auseinander, dass es zu einer prägenden "Sozialfigur der Gegenwart" im Sinne von Stephan Moebius und Markus Schroer (2010) geworden ist. Als solche adressiert das Model durch seine breit aufgefächerte, intertextuelle bzw. intermediale Präsenz grundlegende Fragen bezüglich der gegenwärtigen Relation zwischen Mode und Identitätskonstruktionen.
Schlagwörter:Mode; fashion; Vorbild; role model; Körper; body; Weiblichkeit; femininity; Stereotyp; stereotype; Identität; identity; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Model
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
From Romanian "soul" to english "heart": dilemmas of cultural and gender representation in translating qualitative data
Titelübersetzung:Von der rumänischen "Seele" zum englischen "Herz": Dilemmata von Kultur- und Gender-Repräsentation bei der Übersetzung qualitativer Daten
Autor/in:
Macht, Alexandra
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 19 (2018) 2, 18 S
Inhalt: In diesem Artikel stelle ich dar, dass beim Übersetzen in der interkulturellen Forschung eine linguistische Hierarchie hervorgebracht wird, wobei die englische Sprache die rumänische Sprache unterordnet. Ich illustriere meine Argumentation mit Beispielen aus 47 qualitativen Interviews mit schottischen und rumänischen Vätern, in denen es um das Thema "Liebe" geht. Ich beschreibe, wie ich in meiner Rolle als anglo-rumänische zweisprachige Interpretin unbeabsichtigt zur Entstehung dieser Hierarchie beigetragen habe. Beim Übersetzen geschah dies, indem ich das Rumänisch dem Englischen anglich, um die Bedeutungen, Werte und Gefühle rumänischer Väter einem hauptsächlich englischsprachigen Publikum zu vermitteln. Durch emotionale Reflexivität und Fokussierung auf Genderfragen im Rahmen der Verantwortung der Wissensproduktion löste ich eine Reihe linguistischer Spannungen. Die Übertragung emotionaler Bedeutungen in eine andere Sprache hat paradoxer Weise die gravierende positive Konsequenz, den Fokus in der Forschung vom Zentrum auf die Ränder zu verlagern: Dies erhöht die Sichtbarkeit einer normalerweise übersehenen Gruppe von Menschen mit einem bestimmten kulturellen Hintergrund.
Inhalt: In this article I argue that translation in cross-cultural research leads to the construction of a certain linguistic hierarchy, wherein the English language subordinates the Romanian language. I illustrate my arguments with examples from 47 qualitative interviews with Scottish and Romanian fathers on the topic of love. To situate this argument, I describe how in my role as an Anglo-Romanian bilingual interpreter I inadvertently contributed to the creation of this hierarchy. This happened through translation as I was fitting Romanian into English to disseminate the meanings, values and emotions of Romanian fathers to a primarily English-speaking audience. At the same time by employing emotional reflexivity and focusing on gender matters in the context of shared responsibility of constructing knowledge, I resolved some linguistic tensions. Paradoxically, by carrying emotional meanings across into another language, there is the main positive consequence of moving the focus in research from the center to the margins, as it increases the visibility of a usually overlooked sample of people from a specific cultural background.
Sexual harassment in Egypt: an old plague in a new revolutionary order
Titelübersetzung:Sexuelle Belästigung in Ägypten: eine alte Plage in einer neuen revolutionären Ordnung
Autor/in:
Hammad, Hanan
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 1, S 44-63
Inhalt: "Sexuelle Belästigung in Ägypten: eine alte Plage in einer neuen revolutionären Ordnung Der Beitrag analysiert das Phänomen der sexuellen Belästigung in Ägypten in einem sich kontinuierlich wandelnden soziopolitischen Kontext und argumentiert, dass zu einer umfassenden Analyse der ägyptischen Revolution zwingend auch ein Verständnis für den breiteren soziopolitischen Kontext notwendig ist, der seit dem 19. Jahrhundert zu einer Kultur der Frauenfeindlichkeit und sexueller Gewalt beigetragen hat. Sexuelle Belästigung tritt in unterschiedlichen Formen auf und sexuelle Gewalt wird in verschiedener Intensität ausgeübt, auch sind die Gründe, in denen sie wurzeln, im Verlauf der Geschichte nicht immer dieselben. Basierend auf Archivrecherche, persönlicher Beobachtung und Interviews mit Aktivistinnen wird gezeigt, wie sich sexuelle Belästigung verstärkt und in Gewalt gewandelt hat und wie dies durch den harten Kurs der staatlichen Sicherheitspolitik und neoliberalen Maßnahmen verursacht wurde." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The article aims at analyzing sexual harassment in Egypt in changing sociopolitical contexts at various times; I argue that no analysis of the Egyptian revolution is complete without an understanding of these broad sociopolitical conditions that have contributed to the culture of anti-women and sexual violence since the 19th century. I am not suggesting that sexual harassment always took the same form and was practiced with the same level of violence, or even rooted in the same reason(s) throughout that long period of history. Based on archival research, personal observations and intensive interviews with activists I show how sexual harassment increased in violence caused by the state's heavy-handed security and neoliberal policies." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Ägypten; Egypt; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; sexueller Missbrauch; sexual abuse; Frauenfeindlichkeit; mysogyny; kulturelle Faktoren; cultural factors; politischer Wandel; political change; sozialer Wandel; social change; Frauenbewegung; women's movement; Körper; body; arabische Länder; Arab countries; Nordafrika; North Africa; Tahrir
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
Conflict of culture and religion: Jalal Al-e-Ahmad's "Pink Nail Polish" from a Bakhtin's carnivalistic point of view
Autor/in:
Oroskhan, Muhammad Hussein; Anoosheh, Sayyed Mohammad
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2017) 77, S 35-43
Inhalt: By the 1930s, the Iranian society was driven toward modernization. Consisted with the concept of modernization, feminism ushered a whole new era in Iranian history. Besides, the outbreak of World War II and the consequent abdication of Reza Khan afforded women a golden opportunity to fight for their rights and emancipations. This movement was also supported by the famous male writers of the time among whom Jalal Al-e-Ahmad marked a prominent place. He was keen enough to properly explore women's situation in his works and notice the drastic effect of modernization upon women's situation. Hence, in this study, we try to investigate Al-e-Ahmad's short story entitled "Pink Nail Polish" 1948 with respect to Bakhtin's Carnivalesque's theory. Furthermore, it is shown how Bakhtin's new literary mode can create the excellent chance of studying Iranian women's situation properly. Finally, we explain that due to the drastic change of Iranian women's situation towards modernity, they may lead a double life if their rights are not respected. This can lead to a disproportionate relationship between the husband and the wife as the marital infidelity becomes rampant.
Schlagwörter:Iran; Iran; Modernisierung; modernization; 20. Jahrhundert; twentieth century; Feminismus; feminism; woman; soziale Lage; social situation; Literatur; literature; Kulturkonflikt; cultural conflict; religiöser Konflikt; religious conflict
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Decolonial perspectives on charitable spaces of "welcome culture" in Germany
Autor/in:
Braun, Katherine
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 5 (2017) 3, S 38-48
Inhalt: This article focusses on the relationships between volunteers and refugees in the German "welcome culture". I highlight the continuities between historical and colonial notions of feminine charity and contemporary volunteering efforts in support of refugees in Germany. The "welcome culture" is conceived here as a charitable space that is historically sedimented by specific understandings of gender, racial and class difference. In particular, the difference between the modern emancipated female volunteer and the female oppressed refugee plays a central role. The question of female self-determination, then, becomes an important social arena in the German "welcome culture", through which the rate and terms of participation of refugees in social life are negotiated. Thus I draw on decolonial thought as well as theoretical insights from post-development scholarship and critical studies of humanitarianism in order to consider the multitemporal and transnational character of current "welcome culture" as well as to gain a better understanding of the entailed power relations. These are more contingent than might first appear. Presenting findings from my ongoing fieldwork I conclude that the notion of "welcome culture" allows for the emergence of new forms of sociality.
Schlagwörter:Flüchtling; refugee; Flüchtlingspolitik; policy on refugees; ausländischer Arbeitnehmer; foreign worker; Freiwilligkeit; voluntariness; Kolonialismus; colonialism; politische Kultur; political culture; Emotionalität; emotionality; bürgerschaftliches Engagement; citizens' involvement; Sozialität; sociality; Federal Republic of Germany; Willkommenskultur
SSOAR Kategorie:politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur, Sozialwesen, Sozialplanung, Sozialarbeit, Sozialpädagogik, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
Sexual harassment in Egypt: an old plague in a new revolutionary order
Titelübersetzung:Sexuelle Belästigung in Ägypten: eine alte Plage in einer neuen revolutionären Ordnung
Autor/in:
Hammad, Hanan
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 1, S 44-63
Inhalt: "Sexuelle Belästigung in Ägypten: eine alte Plage in einer neuen revolutionären Ordnung Der Beitrag analysiert das Phänomen der sexuellen Belästigung in Ägypten in einem sich kontinuierlich wandelnden soziopolitischen Kontext und argumentiert, dass zu einer umfassenden Analyse der ägyptischen Revolution zwingend auch ein Verständnis für den breiteren soziopolitischen Kontext notwendig ist, der seit dem 19. Jahrhundert zu einer Kultur der Frauenfeindlichkeit und sexueller Gewalt beigetragen hat. Sexuelle Belästigung tritt in unterschiedlichen Formen auf und sexuelle Gewalt wird in verschiedener Intensität ausgeübt, auch sind die Gründe, in denen sie wurzeln, im Verlauf der Geschichte nicht immer dieselben. Basierend auf Archivrecherche, persönlicher Beobachtung und Interviews mit Aktivistinnen wird gezeigt, wie sich sexuelle Belästigung verstärkt und in Gewalt gewandelt hat und wie dies durch den harten Kurs der staatlichen Sicherheitspolitik und neoliberalen Maßnahmen verursacht wurde." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The article aims at analyzing sexual harassment in Egypt in changing sociopolitical contexts at various times; I argue that no analysis of the Egyptian revolution is complete without an understanding of these broad sociopolitical conditions that have contributed to the culture of anti-women and sexual violence since the 19th century. I am not suggesting that sexual harassment always took the same form and was practiced with the same level of violence, or even rooted in the same reason(s) throughout that long period of history. Based on archival research, personal observations and intensive interviews with activists I show how sexual harassment increased in violence caused by the state's heavy-handed security and neoliberal policies." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Frauenbewegung; cultural factors; sexueller Missbrauch; politischer Wandel; political change; Arab countries; kulturelle Faktoren; sozialer Wandel; mysogyny; sexual harassment; Egypt; Nordafrika; body; Frauenfeindlichkeit; social change; arabische Länder; Körper; Ägypten; sexual abuse; sexuelle Belästigung; North Africa; women's movement; Tahrir
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Lexis and mood as markers of feminist ideology in tunde Kelani's Arugba and Ma'ami
Autor/in:
Akinmameji, Oluwayemisi Olusola
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 71, S 71-82
Inhalt: Although the negative representation of women in Nollywood movies is worrisome to scholars, they have done little as regards exploring the feminist linguistic analysis of these movies. Studies have focused on the misrepresentations of women with emphasis on the literary perspectives. This paper attempts a lexical and sentential analysis of feminist ideology of two Nollywood movies. The study adopted Norman Fairclough's model of Critical Discourse Analysis to explain way linguistic are used to instantiate feminist ideology in the movies. Arugba and Maami produced by Tunde Kelani were purposively sampled because of the gender issues in them. Though some movies merely project women as witches and sex slaves, these two movies stand out among those that project the strengths of womanhood. The movies attempt to correct the negative impression about women. Linguistic features such as the lexical indices and mood system are examined. Larger scale features such as allusion and simile are also explored. The study suggests that despite the rot in the value system of the present day Nigeria, there are still women who pass for the ideal. Also, it was discovered that women can determine their fate regardless of what roles the society gives them and could survive even under the worst patriarchy. Beyond their weaknesses, women are necessary to maintain tranquility in the home and the larger society. This paper recommends that movie stakeholders should give responsible roles to women and women should be sensitive and alive to their responsibilities as regulators of the social political Nigerian entity.
Multiple perspectives toward women in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness: a feministic overview
Autor/in:
Fakhimi Anbaran, Farough
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 66, S 129-134
Inhalt: Undoubtedly, in spite of all those efforts done during the years, the mentality towards the superiority of male over female is still being reflected in the works of art written by men. Joseph Conrad, the Polish author, who wrote great masterpieces in English, is not an exception. His great work of art, Heart of Darkness, reflects multiple perspectives towards women. By applying a Feminist approach towards this novel, this article tends to present an analytical overview of the mentality of men towards women in the written work of art, Heart of Darkness.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 68, S 55-60
Inhalt: An imitation of the literary styles and modes of expression of the great writers in the post-World War II was the criterion of success for any male or female writer. The conventions of T.S. Eliot and W.H. Auden influenced the poetics and thought of the younger generation poets. For example, Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) was an ardent disciple of these conventions in her early career. She was influenced by the phallogocentric discourse of subject formation. She followed this man-made discourse to be accepted within the literary circle as a successful woman writer, but she realized that this discourse didn’t help women in the expression of their female voices. This study explores the failure of the phallogocentric techniques and modes of writing in the expression of Rich's female voice in An Unsaid Word (1951). The study is conducted in the light of Lacanian Symbolic system of identification. The study concludes that Lacanian system of identification was behind the distortions of meanings associated with women and the failure of the symbolic order in the self-expression of Rich's female character in her poem An Unsaid Word.
William Faulkner's "That Evening Sun": multiple views of oppression
Autor/in:
Fakhimi Anbaran, Farough
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 69, S 1-4
Inhalt: People throughout the history have been subject to discrimination from three distinct perspectives of class, race, and gender. Those who were richer used the lower class as a tool in their service to have a comfortable life. The white oppressed the black as the other who was not similar to him in the color of skin. The male dominated the female as she was different in gender lacking the Phallus. The amalgamation of these ideas towards human being has masterly been presented in the story "That Evening Sun", by William Faulkner. The present study, by applying Marxist approach on this story, tends to analyze how human being may be oppressed from different aspects.
