Support on the way to the top? The effect of organisational equal opportunities measures on women’s promotion prospects
Autor/in:
Wanger, Susanne
Quelle: IAB-Discussion Paper (IAB-Discussion Paper: Beiträge zum wissenschaftlichen Dialog aus dem Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung), 13 (2022)
Inhalt: Even though women have been able to increase their participation in management positions to a small extent in recent years, they are still significantly underrepresented in management positions. Organisational measures to promote gender equality and work-life balance are seen as an option to reduce inequalities between men and women. However, there are relatively few firms that have formalised organisational gender equality policies. Against this background, I examine whether organisational measures may increase women's career opportunities or promote the assumption of management positions on a part-time basis. This is investigated using a German Linked-Employer-Employee dataset (LIAB) from 2012 to 2016 and logistic panel regression models. The results show that the targeted promotion of women in particular improves their chances of promotion. However, this is not the case for mothers and their chances of achieving a part-time management position: these are lower when targeted promotion of women is practised in a firm. Measures to improve reconciliation, such as firm support for childcare or for employees with dependents in need of care, have a positive effect on advancement to management positions. The effect of family-friendly working conditions in a firm is heterogeneous: while women have lower chances of promotion, their chances of obtaining a management position with reduced working hours are higher. In contrast, a firm's membership in a family-friendly network has a negative effect on the career and promotion opportunities of women.
Quelle: Science (New York, N.Y.), 377 (2022) 6614, S 1492–1495
Inhalt: Funding agencies have ample room to improve their policies.
National research agencies are responsible for promoting excellent research that benefits all of society (1). Integrating sex, gender, and diversity analysis (SG&DA) into the design of research, where relevant, can improve research methodology, enhance excellence in science, and make research more responsive to social needs (2). National funding agencies—encouraged by scientists and social movements—have thus begun to implement policies to integrate sex, gender, and, more recently, diversity analysis into the grant proposal process, where these factors have been shown to play a role. We develop a five-part analytical framework for implementing and evaluating SG&DA policies, and use it to evaluate the quality of SG&DA policies for 22 major national funding agencies across six continents. By collecting emerging global practices for policy implementation, we seek to improve understanding of these policies and practices in efforts to enhance international collaborations and research excellence.
Schlagwörter:Forschungsförderung; gender analysis; research funding organisation
From Theory to Practice and Back: How the Concept of Implicit Bias was Implemented in Academe, and What this Means for Gender Theories of Organizational Change
Inhalt: Implicit bias is one of the most successful cases in recent memory of an academic concept being translated into practice. Its use in the National Science Foundation ADVANCE program—which seeks to promote gender equality in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) careers through institutional transformation—has raised fundamental questions about organizational change. How do advocates translate theories into practice? What makes some concepts more tractable than others? What happens to theories through this translation process? We explore these questions using the ADVANCE program as a case study. Using an inductive, theory-building approach and combination of computational and qualitative methods, we investigate how the concept of implicit bias was translated into practice through the ADVANCE program and identify five key features that made implicit bias useful as a change framework in the academic STEM setting. We find that the concept of implicit bias works programmatically because it is (1) demonstrable, (2) relatable, (3) versatile, (4) actionable, and (5) impartial. While enabling the concept’s diffusion, these characteristics also limit its scope. We reflect on implications for gender theories of organizational change and for practitioners.
Reducing Gender Bias In Modern Workplaces : A Small Wins Approach to Organizational Change
Autor/in:
Correll, Shelley J.
Quelle: Gender & Society, 31 (2017) 6, S 725–750
Inhalt: The accumulation and advancement of gender scholarship over past decades has led us to the point where gender scholars today can leverage our deep understanding of the reproduction of gender inequality to develop and test models of change. In this lecture, I present one such model designed to reduce the negative effects of stereotypic biases on women’s workplace outcomes. After synthesizing the literature on stereotyping and bias and showing the limits of past change efforts, I develop a “small wins” model of change. Key to this model is that researchers work with teams of managers to produce concrete, implementable actions that produce visible results. I argue that small wins motivate further action and are the building blocks to larger organizational transformation. Preliminary results from several case studies show that this approach can produce important changes in the short run, such as reducing gender biases in workplace evaluations, and that these small wins can inspire longer run change, such as increases in the rate of hiring women.
Inhalt: Im Jahr 2017 feiert der Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Preis sein Jubiläum zum 40-jährigen Bestehen. Er honoriert herausragende Leistungen junger Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler. In Ergänzung zu beispielhaften Erfolgsgeschichten, welche die DFG in ihrer Mediathek per Video dokumentiert hat, untersucht dieser Infobrief statistische Befunde des Karriereerfolgs aller insgesamt 147 Preisträgerinnen und Preisträger der Jahre 1997 bis 2017. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Geförderten außerordentlich erfolgreiche Karrieren in der Wissenschaft vorweisen können.
Quelle: European Educational Research Journal, 16 (2017) 2-3, S 277–297
Inhalt: This paper discusses results of a research project on equal opportunities between women and men in the postdoctoral phase in German universities. It illustrates how the funding system is organized and whether this contributes to more equal opportunities for men and women, especially concerning the work–life interference. Although the system loses women after the doctorial phase, equal opportunity is not a core issue in the promotion of postdoctoral researchers in Germany. Instead, it tends to be addressed indirectly via an array of different compensatory support programmes. One key finding is that certain programmes, such as ‘coaching’, ‘networking’, ‘mentoring’ or financial support, are not offered everywhere, and therefore many postdoctoral researchers do not have the opportunity to utilize them. Furthermore, we found evidence of a gender-specific demand for support programmes. Another finding was that work–life interferences in scientific careers are not addressed by support programmes. The organization of everyday life is not taken into account. Given the context of uncertain career paths in Germany and the unequal working conditions of women and men in academia in Germany, it becomes clear that equal opportunities cannot be realized by ignoring the informal and gendered handling of work-life-balance.
Reducing the Endorsement of Sexism using experiential Learning: The Workshop Activity for Gender Equity Simulation (WAGES)
Autor/in:
Zawadzki, Matthew J.; Shields, Stephanie A.; Danube, Cinnamon L.; Swim, Janet K.
Quelle: Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38 (2014) 1, S 75–92
Inhalt: In two multipart studies, we tested the effectiveness of an experiential learning-based intervention (Workshop Activity for Gender Equity Simulation–Academic [WAGES-Academic]) to reduce sexism endorsement. We randomly assigned undergraduates to either WAGES (n ¼ 144) or one of two control conditions (n ¼ 268): one where participants received the same information asWAGES but without experiential learning or another that included an experiential group activity but no gender equity information. WAGES participants (vs. both controls) reported less endorsement of sexist beliefs after completing the activity and/or at a follow-up 7–11 days later as measured by the Modern Sexism (Study 1), Neo-sexism (Study 2), Hostile Sexism (Study 2), and Gender-Specific System Justification (Studies 1 and 2) scales. Both studies demonstrated that these effects were attributable to WAGES providing more information, evoking less reactance, eliciting more empathy, and instilling more self-efficacy compared to the other conditions. Results suggest that programs to reduce sexist beliefs will be successful only insofar as they invite access to discussion in such a way that does not elicit defensive denial of the problem, create a context in which participants are readily able to empathize with other, and instill feelings of self-efficacy that one can address the problem.
Schlagwörter:Gleichstellung; Intervention; Lernen; Motivation; Reaktanz; sexism in research; Sexismus; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Widerstand
CEWS Kategorie:Fördermaßnahmen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 36 (2014) H. 3, S. 52-73
Inhalt: "Die Darstellung von Förderprogrammen für Postdocs auf den Homepages von Universitäten, Fachhochschulen und außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen gibt einen Eindruck, wie sich diese zu ihrem potentiellen Nachwuchs verhalten. Der Artikel stellt die Ergebnisse einer solchen Analyse von Homepages dar. Der quantitative Untersuchungsteil zeigt, dass es sich bei den Programmen im Wesentlichen um Informations- oder Finanzierungsangebote handelt. Unter Gender-Gesichtspunkten ist anzumerken, dass es nur wenige Angebote mit explizitem Gender-Schwerpunkt gibt. In der qualitativen Analyse ausgewählter Programmbeschreibungen wird ein Balanceakt offengelegt, der einerseits Geschlecht neutralisiert, andererseits die Bedeutung unterschiedlicher Lebenswirklichkeiten der Geschlechter für die Wissenschaft betont." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The postdoc phase following the completion of a PhD is a precarious period in most academic careers. The descriptions of postdoc support programs found on the web provide insight into the ways how research organisations and universities address early-career researchers. A quantitative survey finds that most support programs offer information and/or funding options. A few include explicit gender priorities. A qualitative analysis of selected program descriptions reveals a balancing act: On the one side gender is neutralised, on the other side the different living situations of men and women regarding academia is addressed." (author's abstract)
Von der Frauenförderung zum Gleichstellungsmanagement? : Professionalisierung der Gleichstellungsarbeit an Hochschulen
Autor/in:
Vollmer, Lina
Quelle: Wissenschaftsmanagement : Zeitschrift für Innovation, Jg. 19 (2013) H. 2, S. 34-37
Inhalt: "Vor dem Hintergrund der Implementierung neuer Steuerungsmechanismen steht seit einigen Jahren die Professionalisierung des Hochschulmanagements im Fokus der Hochschulforschung. Obwohl die Gleichstellungsarbeit zunehmend als Teil des Hochschulmanagements gesehen wird, wurden Gleichstellungsakteurinnen in den Studien nicht berücksichtigt. Dabei hat sich gerade in diesem Bereich sehr viel getan." (Autorenreferat)