In/visible: The intersectional experiences of women of color in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine in Australia
Autor/in:
Nash, Meredith; Moore, Robyn
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2022)
Inhalt: It is now well-established that science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) institutions globally should invest in building diverse and inclusive workforces. However, women of color remain underrepresented in STEMM in Australia and their organizational experiences are under-researched. To address this gap, we used a qualitative approach to explore the complex intersections of race/ethnicity and gender that may contribute to women's underrepresentation in Australian STEMM. Primary data encompassed interviews with 30 self-identified women of color working in academia, industry, and government STEMM organizations. We drew on intersectionality theory to explore participants' experiences of their working environments and grounded theory in our analysis. This article focuses on an understudied area related to the maintenance of white male power in STEMM and everyday experiences of “in/visibility”—the paradoxical space of invisibility and hypervisibility that women of color occupy within STEMM fields. For example, various features of women of color's identities, such as physical appearance, cultural background, accent, and name, led to participants feeling “different” and hypervisible in STEMM workplaces in Australia, in which the stereotype of a white male scientist predominates. Women also felt hypervisible as race/gender tokens when they were expected to do the diversity work of the institution. In contrast, participants felt invisible when they were professionally and socially excluded from networking events, such as after-work drinks. Women of color's experiences of having to work much harder than white colleagues to gain recognition of their organizational value also contributed to feelings of invisibility. The study findings provide deep insight into Australian STEMM cultures by foregrounding how in/visibility shows up in the experiences of women of color. This study builds on our understanding of women's STEMM careers as inextricably linked to intersectional features of social identity and white masculine power dynamics in organizations and society more broadly. We conclude by advocating for a more nuanced understanding of “women in STEMM” in Australia (e.g., via more sophisticated data collection and analysis) to ensure that national policies and initiatives benefit all women.
Gender Differences in STEM Persistence after Graduation
Autor/in:
Delaney, Judith; Devereux, Paul J.
Quelle: economica, 89 (2022) 356, S 862–883
Inhalt: Much attention is focused on finding ways to encourage females to study STEM in school and college but what actually happens once women complete a STEM degree? We use the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey to trace out gender differences in STEM persistence over the career. We find a continuous process whereby women are more likely to exit STEM than men. Among holders of STEM undergraduate degrees, women are more likely to obtain a non- STEM master's degree. Then, after entering the labour market, there is a gradual outflow of females during the first 15 years post-graduation so that females are about 20 percentage points less likely to work in STEM compared to their male counterparts. Conditional on leaving STEM, we find that females are more likely to enter the education and health sectors while males are more likely to enter the more lucrative business sector and that this can partly explain the gender pay gap for STEM graduates. Overall, our results suggest that policies that aim to increase the proportion of females studying STEM in school and college may have less effect than expected due to the lower attachment of females to STEM after graduation. Such policies may need to be augmented with efforts to tackle the greater propensity of females to exit STEM throughout the career.
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Gender Wage Gap among Ph.D. Holders: Evidence from Italy
Autor/in:
Alfano, Vincenzo; Cicatiello, Lorenzo; Gaeta, Giuseppe Lucio; Pinto, Mauro
Quelle: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 21 (2021) 3, S 1107–1148
Inhalt: This paper contributes to the literature on the gender wage gap by empirically analyzing those workers who hold the highest possible educational qualification, i.e., a Ph.D. The analysis relies on recent Italian cross-sectional data collected through a survey on the employment conditions of Ph.D. holders. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis and quantile decomposition analysis are carried out, and the selection of Ph.D. holders into employment and STEM/non-STEM fields of specialization is taken into account. Findings suggest that a gender gap in hourly wages exists among Ph.D. holders, with sizeable differences by sector of employment and field of specialization.
Schlagwörter:gender pay gap; Italien; Italy; Phd; Post-doc; science as a profession; STEM; wissenschaftliche Karriere
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Inhalt: Biases against women in the workplace have been documented in a variety of studies. This paper presents a large scale study on gender bias, where we compare acceptance rates of contributions from men versus women in an open source software community. Surprisingly, our results show that women’s contributions tend to be accepted more often than men’s. However, for contributors who are outsiders to a project and their gender is identifiable, men’s acceptance rates are higher. Our results suggest that although women on GitHub may be more competent overall, bias against them exists nonetheless.
Schlagwörter:acceptance; biases against women; competence; gender stereotypes; Women In Science
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Geschlechterverhältnis, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Der Ingenieurberuf : von der traditionellen Monokultur zu aktuellen gender- und diversityrelevanten Perspektiven und Anforderungen
Titelübersetzung:The engineering profession : from traditional monoculture to gender and diversity relevant needs
Autor/in:
Ihsen, Susanne
Quelle: Arbeit : Zeitschrift für Arbeitsforschung, Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitspolitik, Jg. 22 (2013) H. 3, S. 236-246
Inhalt: "Der Ingenieurberuf in Deutschland hat sich bis heute eine stark monokulturell geprägte Fachkultur erhalten. Insbesondere Frauen gelingt nur langsam eine erfolgreiche und nachhaltige Integration. Vielfältige Programme sind daran beteiligt, dies zu ändern. Ihr Erfolg bleibt davon abhängig, dass Demografie, Fachkräftemangel und das Konzept des 'Diversity Management' nun ökonomische Gründe sind, die eine Öffnung und Veränderung der Fachkultur notwendig machen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The engineering profession in Germany developed a male dominated faculty monoculture. In particular women succeed slowly being effective and sustainable in this field. A lot of diverse programs try to change this situation. Their success is based on demographical change, talent shortage and the concept of Diversity Management. These economical motivated factors force the needs of the cultural opening and a change in engineering." (author's abstract)
Berufliche Selbstständigkeit von Chemikerinnen in Deutschland : Ergebnisse einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Analyse
Titelübersetzung:Self-employment of female chemists in Germany : results of a social science analysis
Autor/in:
Pascher, Ute
Quelle: Unikate : Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, (2012) H. 41, S. 108-116
Inhalt: "Dieser Beitrag basiert auf einer Teilstudie, die im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Projektes 'ExiChem' durchgeführt wurde. Hier wurde eine Berufsgruppe in den Blick genommen, die die meisten von uns mit einer selbstständigen Beschäftigung nicht in Verbindung bringen: Akademisch ausgebildete Chemikerinnen - Frauen, die Chemie an einer deutschen Hochschule studiert haben." (Autorenreferat)
