How Iranian Women Express Themselves through Social Media Photos: a Case Study of Instagram
Autor/in:
Einifar, Mina; Kosari, Masood
Quelle: Journal of Cyberspace Studies, 4 (2020) 1, S 1-26
Inhalt: In this study, the issue of using Instagram social network by different groups of Iranian women and their interests and desires in publication of photos is investigated. The purpose of the study is to identify the common aspects and differences in women's lives reflected in their self-expression efforts based on their social characteristics. Therefore, the women were classified into eight groups based on the elements affecting the way they show their daily lives, such as education level, occupation and marital status. Then, qualitative method, including virtual ethnographic techniques, content analysis and online interviews, was used. Photos posted on Instagram by 32 users were studied and analyzed, and these users were interviewed. Questions were asked about their tendency towards posting photos of their daily lives on Instagram via direct messages. The conceptual framework of the study included Bourdieu’s theory of 'distinction' and Baudrillard’s concept of 'system of objects'. Results showed that women in each group select specific approaches to the publication of photos based on their social conditions. In the present article, these differences are discussed in detail. The significance of this research lies in the possibility of understanding different aspects of women’s everyday life and their individual identity through self-reports in the new media as opposed to the traditional media which only presents a standardized type of identification. Since studying women's efforts in presenting themselves on social media has been neglected in studies conducted on social networks in Iran, this study leads to a better understanding of Iranian women's diverse identities.
Gendered practices in child protection: shifting mother accountability and father invisibility in situations of domestic violence
Autor/in:
Archer-Kuhn, Beth; de Villiers, Stefan
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 7 (2019) 1, S 228-237
Inhalt: This article reports on an exploratory, qualitative, multiple-methods study that included individual interviews and a focus group with child protection services (CPS) workers in a large city in Alberta, Canada. The findings illuminate current CPS worker practices in situations of domestic violence where inclusion and exclusion decisions are made for service provision, and the ways in which documents reflect these day-to-day practices; how service user descriptions are constructed and reconstructed, the social problem of domestic violence conceptualized, and the ways in which professional development training encourages critical thinking about existing practices to create new solutions for families experiencing domestic violence. Thematic analysis reveals three themes about CPS workers' experience: 1) current practices reflect invisibility of men and accountability of women; 2) personal and professional shift in perspectives on who to work with, gender expectations, and how CPS are delivered; and 3) reflexive practice into potential intervention strategies and professional development training. The findings suggest specific recommendations for practice including the need to engage men in child welfare practice, shift perspective about service delivery with families experiencing domestic violence, and account for gender norms and practices in service delivery.
Quelle: Global Labour Journal, 10 (2019) 2, S 123-141
Inhalt: How do local labour market structures, in tandem with workforce dispositions and attitudes, influence the way multinational companies localise their standardised work and production systems? This article investigates the conflict-ridden factory regime of a lean automotive plant in provincial Russia at which the management was able to secure a relatively high level of consent among its female workers but not among male workers. In order to explain this gendered pattern of worker consent, the plant-internal gender division of labour and two societal factors proved crucial: the gendered segmentation of the local labour market and the workers' cultural dispositions. At the same time, the analysis points to the transformative effect that the company’s work and production system had on the local labour regime. The case study relies on a combination of quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews. It emphasises the need to reconnect the analysis of branch-plant factory regimes to a nuanced understanding of their embeddedness within local labour markets - also in the case of highly standardised work and production systems.
Schlagwörter:Russland; Russia; Fertigung; manufacturing; Lean Management; lean management; Arbeitsmarkt; labor market; regionale Faktoren; regional factors; gender-specific factors; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Beruf; occupation; soziale Position; social position; Berufszufriedenheit; job satisfaction; Ungleichheit; inequality; Personalpolitik; personnel policy; Arbeitsbeziehungen; labor relations; labour control regime; labour process; lean production
SSOAR Kategorie:Produktion, Fertigung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Patterns of Overeducation in Europe: The Role of Field of Study
Autor/in:
Rossen, Anja; Boll, Christina; Wolf, André
Quelle: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 9 (2019) 1, S 1-48
Inhalt: This study investigates the incidence of overeducation among graduate workers in 21 European Union countries and its underlying factors based on the European Labor Force Survey 2016. Although controlling for a wide range of covariates, the particular interest lies in the role of fields of study for vertical educational mismatch. The study reveals country differences in the impact of these factors. Compared to Social sciences, male graduates from, for example, Education, Health and welfare, Engineering, and ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) are less and those from Services and Natural sciences are more at risk in a clear majority of countries. These findings are robust against changes of the standard education. Moreover, some fields show gender-specific risks. We suggest that occupational closure, productivity signals and gender stereotypes answer for these cross-field and cross-country differentials. Moreover, country fixed effects point to relevant structural differences between national labor markets and between educational systems.
Schlagwörter:Qualifikation; qualification; hoch Qualifizierter; highly qualified worker; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Qualifikationsanforderungen; qualification requirements; Beruf; occupation; Studienfach; subject of study; gender-specific factors; EU; EU; college major; country-specific effects; field of study; gender; labor force survey; overeducation; realized matches; vertical mismatch; European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS)
In welchen Betrieben verdienen Frauen mehr? Der Einfluss betrieblicher Statusrelationen auf die geschlechtsspezifische Lohnungleichheit
Titelübersetzung:In which firms do female workers earn more? The influence of status relations in the firm on the gender wage gap
Autor/in:
Schweiker, Michael
Quelle: Industrielle Beziehungen : Zeitschrift für Arbeit, Organisation und Management, 24 (2017) 3, S 321-346
Inhalt: Dieser Beitrag untersucht, inwiefern die geschlechtsspezifische Lohnungleichheit in Deutschland von statusbasierten Ansprüchen im Betrieb abhängig ist. Grundsätzlich sollte sich die geschlechtsspezifische Lohnungleichheit verringern, wenn sich der Status von Frauen im Betrieb relativ zu ihren männlichen Kollegen erhöht. Es werden zwei Indikatoren für diese betrieblichen Statusrelationen entlang der Geschlechtskategorie betrachtet: Frauenanteil im Management und Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern beim Besitz von Hochschulabschlüssen. Mit der Verdienststrukturerhebung von 2010 und Multilevel Modellen kann gezeigt werden, dass sich der relative Lohn von Frauen mit steigendem Frauenanteil im Management und mit zunehmenden Vorteilen beim Besitz von Hochschulabschlüssen erhöht. Diese positiven Effekte auf den Lohn von Frauen variieren zudem entlang der Lohnverteilung: Bildungsvorteile von Frauen wirken sich stärker positiv auf hohe Löhne aus, während der Frauenanteil im Management eher unteren Lohngruppen hilft. Schließlich sind die Effekte stärker ausgeprägt in Betrieben ohne Tarifbindung.
Schlagwörter:Lohnunterschied; wage difference; gender-specific factors; Ungleichheit; inequality; Beruf; occupation; soziale Position; social position; woman; Management; management; hoch Qualifizierter; highly qualified worker; Lohnfindung; wage determination; Tarifvertrag; collective agreement; Federal Republic of Germany; alte Bundesländer; old federal states; neue Bundesländer; New Federal States; Theorie relationaler Ungleichheit; Statusrelationen; Tarifbindung; Betriebe; gender wage gap; relational inequality theory; categorical status distinctions; coverage by collective wage agreements; work organizations
The migration of qualified Lebanese women to France
Autor/in:
Menhem, Suzanne
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 58, S 8-17
Inhalt: Lebanon is defined as a country of emigration and immigration. Whereas previously, emigration was considered a male migration. Gradually, in recent years emigration has evolved and is becoming feminine also. Independent female migration is a growing phenomenon in the Lebanese society although men still play an important role in the migration project.In the past, women were emigrating most often in the context of family reunification, accompanying their husbands to join a member of their families. The majority of migrant women today are leaving the country for so many reasons (further education, work, etc.) and not only to join their husbands. This article examines highly skilled female migration from Lebanon. In France, the migration of skilled workers from Lebanon has experienced very rapid growth in the last decade. However, female migration does not seem to have been the subject of a sociological reading. The study includes qualitative analysis of twenty five cases studied of Lebanese skilled migrant women in France, especially a university degree or equivalent (nurses, architects, teachers, doctors, engineers, lawyers, researchers ...) who were not married or go join their family when they have emigrated, and they have a good command of French language, and who were not dual nationality holders. This article aims to fill some gaps in this area, examining the reasons for change: migration path, the link with the country of origin, the impact of female migration on their personal, social, cultural and family, their return project, exchanges on the remittances levels, career transition path and entrepreneurship, adaptations, their social networks, their identity reconstruction, etc. Besides, there are also non-measurable aspects noted as the autonomy of women to discuss.
Empowerment und Gender: zur Bedeutung des aktuellen Genderdiskurses für die Weiterbildung
Autor/in:
Kröner, Stefanie
Quelle: Erwachsenenbildung : Vierteljahresschrift für Theorie und Praxis, 61 (2015) 2, S 30-32
Inhalt: Der Aufsatz stellt die Frage, welchen Beitrag der Empowerment- Begriff für die Praxis der Erwachsenenbildung/ Weiterbildung leistet. Dabei wird in erster Linie auf den Empowerment-Begriff eingegangen, der als Aufgabe der Erwachsenenbildung zum Erreichen beruflicher Chancengleichheit von Mann und Frau verstanden werden kann. Darüber hinaus wird der Empowerment-Begriff, der in unterschiedlichen sozialen Bewegungen verwendet wurde, für die Genderdiskussion ausgelegt. Angeregt werden soll eine verstärkte Genderforschung in der Erwachsenenbildung, welche positive Auswirkungen auf die pädagogische Praxis hätte.
Schlagwörter:adult education; gender; soziale Bewegung; social movement; Chancengleichheit; Erwachsenenbildung; Gender; empowerment; Mann; woman; Beruf; Empowerment; Weiterbildung; equal opportunity; occupation; further education; man
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bildungswesen quartärer Bereich, Berufsbildung
Zur Geschlechterungleichheit soziologischer Berufsbezeichnungen im deutschsprachigen Buchdiskurs des 20. Jahrhunderts : eine Culturomics-Analyse
Titelübersetzung:Ngram-analysis of inequalities in gender-specific job and academic titles for female and male sociologists in the German book discourse of the 20th century : a Culturomics study
Autor/in:
Holzhauser, Nicole
Quelle: Gender : Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, Jg. 6 (2014) H. 1, S. 127-137
Inhalt: "In dieser Studie wird der Wandel von Verteilungsungleichheiten zwischen der weiblichen und männlichen soziologischen Berufsbezeichnung im Buchdiskurs des 20. Jahrhunderts (bzw. der ersten 100 Jahre soziologischer Institutionengeschichte ab Gründung der DGS von 1909 bis 2008) mithilfe einer quantitativen Culturomics-Inhaltsanalyse untersucht. Der hierfür verwendete Ngram-Datensatz umfasst etwa zwei Prozent aller zwischen 1909 und 2008 veröffentlichten deutschsprachigen Bücher. Es werden die absoluten und relativen Häufigkeiten von Nennungen der Ngram-Zeichenketten 'Soziologe' und 'Soziologin' über die Zeit analysiert. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass es im Buchdiskurs eine angesichts der real fortschreitenden Angleichung des Geschlechterverhältnisses bei der Berufung von Professorinnen und Professoren unerwartete Unterrepräsentation der weiblichen Berufsbezeichnung gibt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article analyses the German female and male sociological job and academic titles 'Soziologe' and 'Soziologin' in the book discourse of the 20th century (or, more specifically, the first 100 years of institutional history of German sociology from 1909-2008). The culturomics approach of quantitativengram analysis is used to compare the different historical courses of these gender-specific designations. The absolute and relative frequencies of the job titles were determined and analysed in a database comprising around two per cent of all German books published between 1909 and 2008. The results show that the female job title is represented less often than one would expect given the historical development of gender inequality in real-life sociology." (author's abstract)
Männlichkeit in der Krise? Zur Bedeutung von männlicher Geschlechtsidentität und Weiblichkeitsabwehr in sich transformierenden Arbeitsverhältnissen
Titelübersetzung:Masculinity in crisis? On the importance of male gender identity and defence of femininity in changing working conditions
Autor/in:
Roock, Marco
Quelle: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, 36/37 (2013) 4/1, S 151-174
Inhalt: Die gegenwärtige Transformation der Arbeitsverhältnisse führt zu einer zunehmenden Verschärfung sozialer Konflikte. Dies hat sowohl Auswirkungen auf das Verhältnis von Arbeit und Subjektivität als auch auf die Geschlechterverhältnisse sowie auf die soziale Konstruktion von Männlichkeit. In diesem Aufsatz wird es darum gehen, diese Transformationsprozesse als auch deren Bedeutung für die Konstitution von Männlichkeit aus psychoanalytisch-sozialpsychologischer Perspektive in den Blick zu nehmen. Dabei wird es darum gehen, die weitverbreitete Annahme, dass diese Prozesse eine Beschädigung der männlichen Geschlechtsidentität zur Folge haben, einer kritischen Reflexion zu unterziehen. Demgegenüber soll die These dargelegt werden, dass die gegenwärtige ›Krise der Arbeitsgesellschaft‹ auf der Grundlage traditioneller männlicher Identitätskonstruktionen verarbeitet wird und damit androzentristische und misogyne Männlichkeitsentwürfe reproduzieren und stabilisieren.
Inhalt: The current transformation of labor relations leads to an increasing intensification of social conflict. This has an effect on both the relationship between work and subjectivity as well as on gender relations and the social construction of masculinity. In this paper it will be important to increase the transformation processes as well as its importance for the constitution of masculinity from psychoanalytic-social psychological perspective into view. It will be a question the popular assumption that these processes have led to damage to the male gender identity to the sequence to be subjected to critical reflection. In contrast to the thesis will be argued that the current ›crisis of work society‹ is processed on the basis of traditional male identity constructions and for his reason stabilizes and reproduces androcentric and misogynist masculinity concepts.
